Igcse settlement

Settlement: Site, situation Settlement: Site, situation and Patterns.and Patterns.

A settlement is…A settlement is…

►A place where people live.A place where people live.

A VillageA Village

A Town.A Town.

A CityA City

Site: Where a settlement Site: Where a settlement is placed.is placed.

Site Factors:Site Factors:

► 1 - Protection1 - Protection► It was especially important to protect It was especially important to protect

settlements from those who wished to settlements from those who wished to attack. A good vantage point to watch attack. A good vantage point to watch for this was a hill, and many castles and for this was a hill, and many castles and forts were built on hills to watch for forts were built on hills to watch for attackers. Climatically, these settlements attackers. Climatically, these settlements were prone to wind and harsher weather. were prone to wind and harsher weather.

Site FactorsSite Factors► 2 – Plenty of Water2 – Plenty of Water

►Washing, drinking and cooking all need water, Washing, drinking and cooking all need water, and it was vital to have an adequate supply and it was vital to have an adequate supply especially during the summer. Springs, wells especially during the summer. Springs, wells and rivers provided supplies. Nowadays, and rivers provided supplies. Nowadays, settlements have water piped to them, but it settlements have water piped to them, but it is still a consideration to be near to the mains is still a consideration to be near to the mains supply or in a region that actually has supply or in a region that actually has adequate rainfall to sustain a supply.adequate rainfall to sustain a supply.

Site FactorsSite Factors

►3 – Not Too Much Water3 – Not Too Much Water► It was important then and is still It was important then and is still

important to ensure that settlements are important to ensure that settlements are not built on areas that will flood, or are not built on areas that will flood, or are marshy (as the settlement will sink). This marshy (as the settlement will sink). This isn't always possible to see, particularly if isn't always possible to see, particularly if the floods only occur every few years, or the floods only occur every few years, or there isn't a flood whilst building the there isn't a flood whilst building the settlement. settlement.

Site FactorsSite Factors► 4 – Rivers4 – Rivers

►Rivers can be useful supplies of water in Rivers can be useful supplies of water in themselves, or agents of flooding. But what is themselves, or agents of flooding. But what is important about rivers as a site factor is that important about rivers as a site factor is that they can be crossed, either by bridge or ford. A they can be crossed, either by bridge or ford. A river that couldn't be crossed would have been river that couldn't be crossed would have been a problem for early settlements, if they a problem for early settlements, if they couldn't escape across a river during an couldn't escape across a river during an attack. Rivers can now be crossed by building attack. Rivers can now be crossed by building bridges, but these are expensive.bridges, but these are expensive.


►5 – Building Materials5 – Building Materials►Either wood or stone was needed to Either wood or stone was needed to

build early settlements, so a forest, build early settlements, so a forest, wood or hillside with crags was needed wood or hillside with crags was needed to provide the materials. This is not so to provide the materials. This is not so important today, as houses are built of important today, as houses are built of brick and slate, which are easily brick and slate, which are easily provided. provided.


►6 – Supply of Wood6 – Supply of Wood►Not as important today, but early Not as important today, but early

settlements would need wood for fuel. settlements would need wood for fuel. It was therefore vital that the It was therefore vital that the settlement was near trees.settlement was near trees.

Site FactorsSite Factors► 7 – Flat Land7 – Flat Land

► It is extremely difficult to build a settlement It is extremely difficult to build a settlement on land with a gradient (such as a hillside) on land with a gradient (such as a hillside) and so land should be flat wherever possible. and so land should be flat wherever possible. This should not be confused, as it often is, This should not be confused, as it often is, with with low-lying landlow-lying land: the top of a high hill or : the top of a high hill or plateau could be flat too. It is possible to build plateau could be flat too. It is possible to build a settlement now on a gradient, but it is much a settlement now on a gradient, but it is much more time consuming and expensive. more time consuming and expensive.

Site FactorsSite Factors► 8 – Shelter8 – Shelter

► It is important the direction that the It is important the direction that the settlement faces, and this is settlement faces, and this is geographically known as geographically known as aspectaspect. In early . In early settlements, it was important that settlements, it was important that agricultural land faced south so that the agricultural land faced south so that the sun shone directly on the land. Building a sun shone directly on the land. Building a settlement in a valley provided a way to settlement in a valley provided a way to keep out of harsh winter winds.keep out of harsh winter winds.

SituationSituation

The location of a settlement The location of a settlement in relation to the surrounding in relation to the surrounding

area.area.

E. g. ‘bridging point’ or ‘route E. g. ‘bridging point’ or ‘route centre’.centre’.

PatternPattern

The shape of the settlement.The shape of the settlement.

There are 4 types of settlement There are 4 types of settlement patterns…patterns…

►Nucleated…..Nucleated…..

►Linear…Linear…

►Dispersed….Dispersed….

► IsolatedIsolated

Nucleated.Nucleated.

►When houses When houses are very close are very close to each other.to each other.

► Usually around Usually around a central point, a central point, like a cross like a cross roads.roads.

ROAD

= Houses

Linear.Linear.

► Like the word Like the word says, along a line.says, along a line.

► Maybe along a Maybe along a road, river or the road, river or the bottom of a bottom of a valley.valley.

► The houses would The houses would

slowly be built slowly be built along along

the road.the road.

ROAD

= Houses

DispersedDispersed

►When the When the houses are far houses are far apart.apart.

► So your So your neighbour neighbour could live a could live a few miles few miles away.away.

► E.g. FarmsE.g. Farms

= Houses

IsolatedIsolated► This is usually a This is usually a

farmhouse found farmhouse found either in areas of either in areas of extreme adverse extreme adverse physical physical conditions or in conditions or in areas of pioneer areas of pioneer settlement where settlement where land was divided land was divided into planned lots.into planned lots.

= Houses

So what do you now know?So what do you now know?

►Which of the following is a settlement Which of the following is a settlement pattern?pattern?

(Click on your answer)(Click on your answer)

A – A – Linear

B – B – Along a line

C – C – lenghty

Wrong!!!Wrong!!!

Try again…Try again…

Well Done!!Well Done!!

Try this one…Try this one…

Number 2…Number 2…

If you were in a place that had dispersed If you were in a place that had dispersed buildings, what do you think the buildings, what do you think the buildings would be?buildings would be?

1.1. GaragesGarages

2.2. FarmsFarms

3.3. SchoolsSchools

Wrong!!!Wrong!!!



Try this one…Try this one…

Number 3…Number 3…

Using the map, Using the map, decide which one decide which one of these of these settlements is settlements is nucleated.nucleated.

1. Porthloo1. Porthloo

2. Maypole2. Maypole

3. Old Town3. Old Town

Wrong!!!Wrong!!!



The end is nigh…The end is nigh…

Well Done.Well Done.

You have now finished this section of You have now finished this section of work, remember to visit this again for work, remember to visit this again for revision.revision.

Igcse settlement

Education

Transcript of Igcse settlement