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NEBOSH IGC Summary week 2

Element 1 :- Workplace hazards & riskcontrol

Hazards to pedestrans

Slips, trips and falls (on same level)Falls from height

Objects moving, flying or fallingollisions !ith moving vehicles

Causes o! slps" trps # !alls $a%%dents on walkways or Star%ases&1- Old age"# Sensory impairment e$g$ %oor eyesight

# 'nsitable foot !ear

# Slippery srface e$g$ polished floor

*# Spillage e$g$ oil on floor' +ring the floor cleaning

# %oor lighting - limited vision becase of the dst or fog

.# 'neven srface

/# moving from one kind of floor srface to another

01# arrying heavy - large loads

00# %oor physical condition - ill health - consciosness problems

0"# 2ainy !eather !ithot sitable drainage system

0# %oor hosekeeping - Obstacles on the !alk!ay (e$g$ protrsions)

0# 3ad organisation or layot of the !ork place0*# 4ack of attention - distractions

05# 6lcohol & drgs

0# Fatige & e7hastion

0.# 4oose - 'ntied shoe laces

0/# %oor emergency procedres8 people cro!ding, panicking & rshingto evacate

"1# 9ot sing the handrails

"0# 9ot keeping points of contact

""# Walking back!ards e$g$ banks man

"# 3roken steps - different heights

"# 2nning, jmping & :orseplay

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(orkn) at *e)*t

Hazards o! workn) at *e)*tFall of people Fallof objectsollapse

Overtrn

ontact !ith overhead services

+re%autons # Control measures:# 6void !orking at height by sing long tools or machines

# 2edce height as mch as possible

# 2edce dration & fre;ency of !orking at height

# it is

# 'sing proper !orking platform, carrying ot pre se inspection &

reglar maintenance# %%< e$g$ safety harness, fall arrestors & helmets !ith strap

# eeping points of contact

# %%< e$g$ gloves,safety shoes, coveralls & helmets !ith straps

# lean firm non#slip steps


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# Shold only be sed as a mean of access 9O= as a !orkingplatform


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Independant ted S%a!!old

+ra! and label key parts of an independent =ied Scaffold

Control measures # pre%autons

# +esigned, erected, inspected, altered & maintained by competentcertified people

# Shold be sitable for the job & certified

# ?nspected before each shift & after any accident, incident oradverse !eather conditions

# 6void overloading or e7ceeding SW4

# 'se of gard rails & toe boards

# Stop !ork in adverse !eather conditions e$g$ strong !ind

# it is# %%< e$g$ helmets !ith strap & safety harness

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.o/le 0ower S%a!!old

Hazards

Fall of peopleFall of objectsollapse

Overtrnontact !ith overhead services

+re%autons # %ontrol measures

6bove precations for independant tied scaffold %4'S8

# %ositioned on firm grond

# 'se of otriggers to broaden base & locking the !heels

# 3raced & tied to permenant strctre

# %eople and materials removed before moving

.o/le Eleated (ork +lat!orms $.E(+&

Hazards

# Fall of people

# Fall of objects

# ollapse

# Overtrn

# ontact !ith overhead services

# rshing bet!een carrier and a fi7ed strctre or inbet!een theScissors lift

,%%detns" Collapse or oerturnn) o! .E(+ %aused /y

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Suspended a%%ess %radle

Hazards

Fall of peopleFall of objectsollapseOvertrnontact !ith overhead services

rshing bet!een carrier and a fi7ed strctre

+re%autons # %ontrol measures Same like =o!er scaffold

E3%aatons

.an *azards

# Fall of people# Fall of objects e$g$ tools or flids casing flooding

# ollapse of the e7cavation (aving)

# Overtrn of vehicles close to edge

# ontact !ith ndergrond services (electrical cables, gas pipes,se!age, telephone)

# 6ccess and egress (being a confined space8 +ifficlts access &egress, :azardos atmospheres

# ontamination (se!age, spores)

# =ype of soil

# 2emoval of soil# 'ndermining fondations

+re%autons # %ontrol measures

%lan the job sing location maps

4ocate & avoid ndergrond cables e$g$ 6= (cable avoidance tools)?sse permit to !orkSafe digging procedres (foll!oing SSOW)'se competent !orkers A it is%%< e$g$ coveralls, helmets & safety shoes

?mproving evironmental factors sch as lighting & ventillation

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4emolton.et*ods o! 4emolton

Hand-*eld tools

.a%*ne

C*em%al a)ents $E3ploses&

Hazards o! 4emolton

Sa!ety *azards:

Fall of %eopleFall of objects%rematre collapse

ontact !ith ndergrond & overhead servicesFire &

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# 2emove ladders & prevent access to scaffolds

# 4ock a!ay hazardos chemicals

# over holes & e7cavations

# 2edce heights of materials


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Element 2 : =ransport hazards andrisk control

Hazards o! e*%les n%ludn) !ork l!t tru%ks $General&

# Overtrning

# Overloading

# 4oss of loads

# ollision !ith pedestrians, bildings or other vehicles

# Fire and

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Sa!ety o! pedestrans n e*%le mon) areas

+re%autons to preent %ollson /etween e*%les and

pedestrans

+re%autons to ensure sa!ety o! e*%les operaton

# Setting & enforcement of site traffice rles, proper signs & Floormarking# Segregation bet!een vehiclar rote & pedestrian rote

# Sitable designated parking areas

# %roper environmental conditions e$g$ ade;ate lighting & redcednoise

# 6void sharp or blind bends

# Cision panels in doors or transparent doors

# Sfficiently !ide entrances, gate!ays & traffic rotes

# Cision aids e$g$ =C cameras or mirrors on vehicles & at blind

corners# Setting speed limits for cars e$g$ "1 km-h

# +esignated marked crossing points for pedestrians

# FO%S

# 2O%S

# %%< e$g$ steel toe safety shoes & :igh visibility jackets

# +river training & ;alification

# 'sing grond gides in reversing (Signallers - 3anks men)

# 6void reversing if possible e$g$ One#!ay systems, drive throghparking, circling the vehicles

# 2eversing alarms (adible & visal)# 2efges & 3arriers in loading docks


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Element 6 :- @scloskeletalhazards & risk control

Er)onom%s: =he relation & interaction bet!een the !ork & the !orkerD

ho! to fit the !ork to the !orker$

In ot*er words" Er)onom%s is the stdy of designing e;ipment anddevices that fit the hman body, its movements, and its cognitiveabilities$

Causes o! (7894s

2epetitive movements of fingers, hands or arms=!isting movementsS;eezing:ammering

%shing, plling or over reaching movements

Symptoms

9mbness & tingling in fingers%ain in hands or arms2estriction of joint movementSoft tisse s!elling

E3amples !or (7894s

=endonitis

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Healt* e!!e%ts o! 4SE use $4splay S%reen Eupment&

'pper limb disorders (W2'4+s)

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.anual Handln)

.anual Handln) In;ures

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remember 9I0E

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Herar%*y o! %ontrol to redu%e manual *andln) n;ures:

# 6void manal handling (atomate or mechanise the job by singforklifts, cranes, hoists or conveyors)

# =eam lifting

# @echanical aids e$g$ trolley

# +ividing the load into smaller packages (less !eight)# 2edce dration & fre;ency of manal handling tasks

# %%< e$g$ gloves & safety shoes

# it is (manal handling training , etc$$)

# Follo! safe system of !ork (safe handling techni;e) E

=net% Handln) 0e%*nue $sa!e way o! l!tn) a /o3&

# 6ssess the load

# heck the rote

# Bet as lose as possible to the load !ith sitable feet position

# eep the 4oad close to the body !hile !alking

# Walk Smoothly avoiding jerky movements

# %t do!n the load then slide into position

.e%*an%al l!tn) eupment

# Forklifts# onveyors# ranes# :oists

CON>EO7S

Hazard Control measures #

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?mpact !ith objects :elmets

9oise

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Hazards o! C7,NES

Fall of peopleFall of objectsollapseOvertrnontact !ith overhead services

0ypes o! C7,NES

@obile=o!erBantryOverhead Bantry

0ypes o! HOIS0S

hain hoistBoods hoist

%atient hoist (resce hoist)

Sa!e use o! Cranes $+re%autons !or ,N sa!e me%*an%al l!tn)&

# Sitable certified crane

# Sitable certified, color coded lifting accessories & correctslinging techni;e

# ompetent crane operators & banks men sing good means ofcommnications & agreed signals

# Sitable grond conditions (firm levelled srface)

# 'se of otriggers

# lear path!ay avoiding any obstrctions# 6voiding overhead services sch as po!er lines

# Segregation of !orking area by barriers & !arning signs so onecold !alk nder the load

# Cisal & 6dible alarms to !arn that lifting is taking place

# 4oad to be lifted vertically and to correct height & kept neargrond !hen travelling

#

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Element ? :- Work e;ipmenthazards & risk control

Suta/lty o! t*e work eupment

# ?nitial integrity

# %rpose for se

# %lace of se

+re%autons !or mantenan%e (ork

# ?sse permit to !ork if the job is high risk or non#rotine ase7ample if the !hole body or the !hole arm of the !orker !ill beinside the machine

# ?solation of po!er sorce (disconnection & lock ot tag ot)

# +issipation of stored energy e$g$ release stored pressre,

earthing for electricity or leaving the hot srface to cool do!n# Segregation of the !ork place by means of barriers & !arning

signs Safe means of access# 'se sitable %%< e$g$ safety shoes, coveralls and safety glasses#

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0raps (+ra!ing in)

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0raps (rsh - shear) Imap%t

Conta%t (pnctre - stab) Conta%t (cts)

Conta%t (abrasions) E;e%ton

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Non-.e%*an%al Hazards o! .a%*nery

hemical - biological hazards

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Interlo%kn) Guard: - 4inked to the machine controls so that the !orkercanGt gain access !hen the machine is in a dangeros condition 64SOopening the gard cases the machine to become safe

,danta)es 4sadanta)es

6llo! safe access forfeedingmaterials (fre;ent ?ncrease the comple7ity ofthe machine

onvenient to se +ifficlt to test and maintain

4ess likely to bedeliberatelydefeated

@ay need a brake or time delay

Speeds p operations @ay fail to danger 2eglar maintenance re;ired

,d;usta/le Guards the length of the gard cold be adjsted(changed) according to the length of the material being sed, t!o typesof this gard8 0) @anal (fi7ed) type and ") 6tomatic type

,utomat% Sweep Guard Where the gard pshes the !orker a!ayfrom the danger zone

+rote%ton ,pplan%es:- sch as holders & psh sticks

+rote%ton de%es:- sch as =rip device, safety trip !ire, photo

electric system, pressre sensitive mat & t!o hand control device

0 s: on ho! the machine is operated safely, ho! & !hen to bemaintained, !ho is athorized to se it, etc$

++E: su%* as# coveralls for chemical splash & entanglement

# goggles for ejected material

# ear plgs for noise

# steel toe safety shoes for crsh injries

# hair nets for hair entanglement

B4OC

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Element A :-

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6l!ays pll the plg 9

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+rote%te systems:

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Isolaton:- =he disconnection and separation of the electricale;ipment from every sorce of electrical e;ipment in sch a !ay thatthe disconnection and separation is secre (4ock ot & =ag ot)


Safest option as iteliminates electricit

E

@ay isolate othere;ipment

@ay be physically locked off E @ay be reconnectednless locked off

E %revents live falt finding

Battery operated tools:- 'sing battery instead of electrical !ires


@inimal risk dring

normal

se

E 4imited battery capacity

2ange not restricted

bycable

E 4imited po!er otpt

9o trailing cable H

9o tripping hazardsoroverheatin

E %recations need tobe follo!ed dringmainscharging

E :eavier

E @ore e7pensive

7edu%ed olta)e systems:- 3y redcing the voltage present system

the conse;ences of electrical shock can be greatly redced


6vailable voltage

difference is **C ac #in r is hi hl nlikel

E Specialiste;ipmentre;ired for 001 C

olor coded cabling

system for easyrecognition

E 4ead from spply totransformer athighervoltages and!ill needprotection

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7esdual Current 4e%e $7C4&:- ?t compares the crrent flo!ing intothe system !ith the crrent flo!ing ot$ When the level differs by a preset vale the 2+ !ill open rapidly and interrpt the spply


E 2apid and sensitive @ay isolate crcial

e;ipment if one2+covers anmber ofdistribtionpoints, e$g$ freezers

E +ifficlt to defeat @echanical device,

!hichcold failE

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Element ' :- Fire safety

The fire triangle8# Fel (ombstible material)

:eat (Sorce of ignition)

O7ygen (air)

Causes o! !re

6rson

Smoking & smokersG materials

Oil-gas heating e;ipment and portable heaters'nsafe storage of flammable materials'se of flammable li;ids or gases in nsitable areas:ot !ork8 !elding, ctting, etc$

@echanical heat (Sparks-friction)%4'S cases of electrical fires page 0/

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Classes o! !re

, Car/ona%eous materal $Com/ust/le solds&

EXAMPLE: Wood & paperB

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+re%autons to preent # %ontrol rsk o! !re ,N4 to mnmse t*e

rsk to people n t*e eent o! !re

#

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Element :- hemical & biologicalhealth hazards & risk control

7espratory de!en%es $Body de!en%es a)anst dust&

# =he hair in the nose acting as a filter to prify the air from the dstparticles

# !etness of the nose (mcs) so the dst !old stick to it & !ill betrapped and !ill go no frther inside the lng

# =he change of direction to the laryn7 so the dst particles in theair !old stick to the nasal !all

# Sneezing and coghing !hich !old e7pel the dst otside therespiratory system

# =rblent motion of the air in the nose and the centrifgal force!hich !ill thro! the dst to the sides sticking to the mcs

# =he hair cells in the respiratory tract (iliary escalator) pshing

the dst p!ards till it reach the throat !here it cold be removedfrom the body

# =he immnity system of the body8 White 3lood ells (W3) in thealveoli

# Fibrosis of the lng8 isolating the affected non#fnctioning partfrom the rest of the healthy lng

# =ears and blinking of the eyes (not part of the respiratorydefences)

4)este de!en%es $Body de!en%es a)anst n)ested su/stan%es&

# +igestive jices & enzymes, the sefl bacteria and the strong

acid (:4) !hich !ill destroy the harmfl sbstances inside thestomach$

# Comiting & diarrhoea !hich get rid of the to7ins and the harmflsbstance ot of the body$

# Smell & taste protecting the person from eating or drinkingharmfl sbstances or bad food$

Skn de!en%es

# S!eating8 ooling do!n the skin and killing harmfl organisms

# >eratin8 Forming the protective hard layer of the skin

# @elanin8 responsible for the pigmentation of the skin, moremelanin makes the skin darker providing more protection from the

sn and ltra violet light# Sebm8 the oily sbstance secreted by the skin to prevent it from

dryness# :air8 protecting and filtering the skin

# Sensory serves8 the sense of toch in the skin

# 3listers, rash and inflammation to fight any infection of the skin

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Ot*er de!en%es

# =ears & 3linking of the eye

# %ain

# :ormones e$g$ 6drenalin

0ypes o! 4ermatts:0# ?rritant - ontact

"# 6llergic - Sensitive

Symptoms: - ?rritation of the skin, ?nflammation, 3listers, rash, s!elling,redness, hotness, +ryness and cracking of skin, and in severe cases8'lcers & infections

+rote%te measures a)anst dermatts $+re%autons&

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System% e!!e%t: =he effect of the sbstance happens a!ay from

the point of contact

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,%ute e!!e%t:6dverse health effects reslting from sn)le or

s*ort term e7posre to a lar)e dose of the harmfl sbstanceprodcing an mmedate or rapd e!!e%t, it is sally reers/le$

EXAMPLE:6lcohol into7ication de to consming large amont ofalcohol in short time$

C*ron% e!!e%t:6dverse health effects reslting from prolon)ed

# repeated e7posre to a small dose of the harmfl sbstanceprodcing a )radual # latent effect !hich sally staysunre%o)nzed for several years, it is sally rreers/le

EXAMPLE: 4iver damage (cirrhosis) cased by consming smallamont of 6lcohol for many years$

Occupational Hygiene & Health hazards

0# ?dentification of health hazards"# @easrement of health hazards

# 6ssessment of health hazards# ontrol of health hazards

1- Identification of health hazards

Forms of chemical agents8

# +st8 =otal inhalable & 2espirable dst (1$* A $1 micron)

# Fme

# @ist

# Smoke

# Capor

Forms of biological agents8

# Fngi

# 3acteria

# Cirses

7outes o! entry nto t*e /ody $%*em%al a)ents&

# ?nhalation

# ?ngestion

# +irect entry (open !onds)

# ?njection

# 6bsorption

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Class!%aton o! Hazardous Su/stan%es

Irrtant: 9on#corrosive sbstances !hich throgh immediate, prolongedor repeated contact !ith skin or mcos membrane may caseinflammation (+ermatitis)

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.ateral Sa!ety 4ata s*eet $.S4S& In!ormaton on *azard data s*eet

0# ?dentification of the sbstance & @anfactrersG information"# omposition & information on ingredients# :azard identification# First aid measres

*# Fire fighting measres

5# 6ccidental release measres#

:andling & Storage.#

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4a)ram o! C*em%al stan tu/e dete%tor $Gra/ Sampler&

Glass tu/e 4re%ton o! !low 7E,4

1 2 6 A 1D2D

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?- Control o! *ealt* *azards:

Elmnate: remove the sbstance, or avoid the activity or process e$g$pressre jetting a blocked drain instead of sing dissolvingchemicals

7edu%e: redce the risk by

# redcing the dration - fre;ency of e7posre to the hazard

# sbstitting the material !ith a less hazardos one e$g$ sing!ater based paint instead of solvent based paint O2 singgranlar material instead of po!der

Isolate:

# =otal

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9a/elled da)ram o! 9o%al E3*aust >entlaton $9E>&

9E> /e%omes ne!!%ent /e%ause o!:-

# Failre of operators to se it properly

# 4ack of proper maintenance

# 'nathorised modifications

# ?ncorrect settings

# :ood damaged or not !ell positioned

# 3locked - damaged dcts

# Fll - damaged dst collection bags

# 3locked - damaged filter

# Wear & tear of fan blades

# ?ncreased contaminant level

# %oor design of the 4

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E3amples o! %*em%al a)ents $*azardous su/stan%es& # 0ar)et Or)ans

,mmona

Strongly corrosive alkaline colorless gas !ith a pngent odor$

"ffecting the skin, eyes & the lngs$

4eading to eye irritation, dermatitis, inflammation of the lngs and in thelarge concentrations can case blindness and flid in the lngs

(emphysema)

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Iso%yanates

Organic componds !idely sed in indstry for prodcts sch as spraypainting of vehicles and prodction of polyrethane rbbers and foams$

"ffecting the nasal passages, throat & the lngs leading to lng?nflammation & asthma$

Sl%a

Fond in sand, granite & glass

"ffecting the lngs as breathing silica cold lead to serios lngdisease JsilicosisK

4ust

"ffecting the respiratory system casing asthma, bronchitis,emphysema and conditions sch as asbestosis or Silicosis if the dstcontains asbestos or silica$

4ust Ident!%aton:# Cisal signs of dst in the air or deposited on srfaces or clothes

# 2eslts of monitoring sing dst lamps or smoke tbe

# %oor visibility or e7cessive tears & blinking of the eyes

# respiratory problems8 coghing, sneezing, breathing difficlty

# @aintenance problems e$g$ abnormal blocking of filters

Control measures !or dust:

#

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Bolo)%al ,)ents

9eptospross $(elFs dsease&

3acterial infection transmitted to hmans by ingesting contaminated ratrine$=he most common sorce is in constrction sites, !ater sports, river!ater, s!imming pools, se!ers, etc$

Symptoms8 Fl like symptoms (Fever, sneezing, coghing & headache),%nemonia, meningitis & andice$Fatal in "1L of the cases (6ttacks the kidneys & liver)

%recations & ontrol measres8 pest control, covering damaged skin,it is, good hygiene & hosekeeping

9e)onella $9e)onnareFs dsease&

3acterial infection transmitted to hmann by inhaling airborne bacteriafond in !ater sorces sch as air conditioning systems, coolingto!ers, stagnant !ater etc$

Symptoms8 Fl like symptoms (Fever, sneezing, coghing & headache),%nemonia & difficlty in breathingFatal in "1L of the cases$

=hose at greatest risk are smokers or old people !ith chest problems$

%recations & ontrol measres 8 =emperatre control and monitoring,avoiding stagnation & avoiding Jdead legsK in pipe !ork, biocide

treatment and effective cleaning and maintenance$

Hepatts ," B and C

Ciral inflammation of the liver cased by viral infection transmittedthrogh ingesting food contaminated !ith faeces (hepatitis 6)Or by blood & body flids (hepatitis 3 & )

Symptoms8 ?nflammation of the liver, fever, nasea, malaise & jandice$

%recations & ontrol measres 8 Caccination, disinfection, it is,

6voiding sharp implements, %roper disposal of contaminated !aste andgood hygiene practices$

7outes o! entry nto t*e /ody $Bolo)%al a)ents&

# ?nhalation

# ?ngestion

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# +irect entry (open !onds)

# ?njection

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+re%autons !or sa!e stora)e o! waste

# hoosing a Sitable location

# Sfficient storage area

# 4abelled & individal containers

# eep ;antities of !aste to a minimm

# %rotect !aste from the elements

# %rotection form adverse !eather conditions

# 6void contamination of general !aste !ith hazardos materials

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Element :- %hysical & psychologicalhazards

Nose: is any n!anted sond

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# ?solation

# %roper maintenance

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+at*:

%revent-redce transmission of noise throgh air or strctres by sing

# Screens and barriers

# /raton

Healt* E!!e%ts

6cte8 9mbness & =ingling in the hands and e7tremitieshronic8 # %ermanent 9mbness & =ingling

# 3lanching of the fingers (Cibration White Fingers)

# S!ollen painfl joints

# 2edction in manal de7terity

# 2edction in the sensation of toch

7sk

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# 2edce the force e7erted & the strength of grip !ith !orke;ipment

# 2edce the dration of e7posre to the vibration

# :ealth srveillance & treatment of any medical problem

# 'se %%< sch as Bloves and heated pads

# it is on the natre of risks

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Page

(ork n Hot # Cold enronment

#hysiological effects of heat Stress $in foundries% glass wors &

laundries'

Skin brnsataracts+ehydration:eatcramps2aisedheart rate:eadachesonfsion & 4oss of concentrationComitingFainting

Sn stroke & :eat stroke

#hysiological effects of cold Stress $cold stores% food preparation

area% big freezers & open air during winter'

4o!ered heart rate:ypothermiaShiveringonfsion & 4oss of concentrationFrost bite?ncreased risk of strains & sprains

7sk !a%tors

# 3ody activity & health condition

# =ype & amont of clothes

# +ration & fre;ency of e7posre

# 6mbient temperatre & !eather conditions

# Sorce of heat - cold temperatre

Control measures

# 6cclimatisation

# :ealth srveillance & medical checkp

# :ot - cold drinks

# 2edce dration & fre;ency of e7posre

# =emperatre control

# %%< e$g$ inslating clothes

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Page

# it is

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7adaton

(on-Ionising0ype 8se n Industry

?nfrared :eating and brazing4asers tting, 3ar code readers@icro!aves Food preparation, Signal transmission

'ltra#violet Welding

2adio !aves 2adar and commnications

Healt* e!!e%ts o! non-onzn) radaton

3rns

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+iarrhoea Sterility , erythema & cataract

+eath +eath

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7sk !a%tors # Control measures o!onzn) radaton

# +ration & fre;ency of e7posre

# +istance bet!een the radioactive material & the people

# %roper shielding (4ead or thick concrete)

# 'sing sitable %%< e$g$ radiation sit

# orrect disposal of radioactive materials

# half life of the radioactive material

# Bood hygiene practices

# it is

# @onitoring e7posre sing film badges & Beiger conters

>olen%e at work

>er/al a/use @ t*reats ,N4 +*ys%al atta%ks

Internal ,N4 e3ternal olen%e

O%%upatons at rsk

=a7i drivers , :ealth care professionals, Schools, ash transactions+elivery-collection of money, 2epresenting athority e$g$ policemen &enforcement officers

Control measures

# it is8 on absorbing anger, ho! to recognise aggressive behavior

& ho! to deal !ith it !isely

# %roviding information on delays

# %roper ;ee management

# Welcoming environment & nice decor

# hecking visitorsG credentials (?+s)

# Safe & secre design of !orkplace e$g$ !ide conters, codedlocked doors & physical barriers

# Secrity officers & =C cameras# Bood means of ommnication & alarm systems

# 2eglar removal of cash from the !orkplace

# 6void 4one !orkingD safe precations for lone !orkers

# 2eporting, recording and investigating violent incidents

# Nero tolerance of aggressive behavior

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Stress

+*ys%al E!!e%ts +sy%*olo)%al e!!e%ts

:eadaches ?ncreased an7iety

+izziness 2edced concentration

6ching neck and sholders ?rritability & nervosness

Skin rash %anic attacks & Sdden mood

%rone to infections ?nability to cope

2aised heart rate &?ncreasedblood pressre

2edced !ork otpt - performance

+iabetes ?ncreased se of alcohol, drgs,painkillers & tobacco

:eart disease ?nsomnia (%oor sleep patterns)

Stomach & moth lcers

Causes o! stress:

1 Culture o! t*e or)ansaton: ho! it approaches !ork#relatedstress, e$g$ commnication, consltation, staff spport systems,and !orking horsD

2 4emands: !orkload too high or too lo!, shift !ork and nsocialhors, e7cessive overtime, and e7posre to violence and bllyingD

6 Control: ho! mch control the person has in the !ay they do their !ork, e$g$ !ork planning, se of ac;ired skills, repetitive ormonotonos !orkD

? 7elatons*ps /etween employees: physical violence, threats

or verbal abse e$g$ repeated shoting and s!earing, malicios

gossipD njstified picking of falts, prevention of careerdevelopmentD se7al harassmentD & discrimination de to gender,race or disabilityD

A C*an)e: ho! organisational change is managed andcommnicated in the organisation, e$g$ ne! technology,restrctring, redndancies, and nclear objectivesD

' 7ole:job insecrity, fear of redndancy, being nclear abotroles, responsibilities and e7pectations, conflicting roles, e$g$ theconflict of different job demands sch as !orking for more thanone managerD

Inddual: skills not matched to the task, inade;ate training,

nclear job description, and fair and open feedback on the !orkand role, illness, financial !orries, family commitmentsD and

Enronment: inade;ate lighting, problems !ith glare, crampedor ntidy !orking conditions, secrity problems, e7tremes oftemperatre and - or hmidity, inade;ate ventilation, draghtyconditions, high noise and vibration levels, inade;ate !elfarefacilities and poor !eather conditions for those !orking otside$

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Ident!%aton o! Stress

Stress !ithin the organisation may be identified by8

informal observation & conversation !ith !orkers & spervisorsD

performance appraisal !ith an opportnity for open discssion ofproblemsD

monitoring of attendance records and condcting retrn to !orkG

intervie!sD sickness absence - ill#health trendsD

redced prodctivity of the employees

:igh staff trnover$

=he end of !eek "

G O O 4 9 8 C =

+lease 0urn Oer E

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*+amination rules & tips

#

IGC-2 Notes

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