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Igbo Ukwu

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Map of Nigeria depicting the various ancient cultures

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Igbo Ukwu art comes from 3 Archaeological sites in southeastern Nigeria: Igbo Richard, Igbo Isaiah and Igbo Jonah -consists of objects made from bronze, terracotta, beads and Ivory -metal objects were made by the lost wax technique -they are believed to date to around 1100 BP(900 AD) -objects discovered in ancient burial chambers, shrines and storage areas -made by sophisticated bronze casting techniques Objects include bronze pendants, bowls, and shells

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Caroline Sassons rendering of the storage house From Igbo Isaiah, depicting some of the sacred objects on an altar

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Caroline Sassons rendering of the burial chamber of Igbo Richard, Depicting the priest-king, Igbo Ukwu, Water color,

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Triton shell, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100BP (900 AD)

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Shell surmounted with a Leopard, Igbo Ukwu, leaded bronze, 1100 BP (900 AD)

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Roped Vessel on a stand, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP (900AD)

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Bowl with concentric circular motifs, Igbo Ukwu, Leade bronze, 1100BP

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Cylindrical staff ornament, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze with bead inlays, 1100BP

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Bowl on a stand, Igbo ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP

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Bowl, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP

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Crescentic bowl, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100BP

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Pear shaped bowl, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP

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Potstand, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP

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Pendant, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP

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Flywhisk handle, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP

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Double egg pendant, Igbo Ukwu, leaded bronze with beads, 1100 BP

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Pendant with rams head motif, Igbo ukwu, Leaded bronze with beads, 1100 BP

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Cylindrical staff ornament, Igbo Ukwu, Leaded bronze, 1100 BP

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Globular vessel with everted rim, Igbo Ukwu, terracotta, 1000 BP

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Map of Nigeria depicting the various ancient cultures

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Ife: Origins of Art and Civilization Art consists of objects in Terracotta, Leaded Brass, & Stone --objects date to 1000-500 BP (1000-1500AD) -art created for the ruling elite Style elements: Idealized naturalism Striation on the face Slightly elongated necks, with rolls of fat Careful modeling Heavily beaded figures with elaborate headdresses Full length figures and busts

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Head of an Ooni (probably used in kingship rituals) Ife, (Yoruba) Nigeria Leaded brass 800-500 BP

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Head of an Ooni (used in annual ritual of renewal) Ife, (Yoruba) Nigeria Leaded Brass (Zinc brass) 800-500 BP

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Mask depicting Obalufon Patron and eponymous ancestors Of brass casters Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Copperleaded brass 700-500 BP

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Figure of an Ooni in ceremonial regalia Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Leaded BrassZinc Brass 800-500 BP

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Ceremonial vessel with female form Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Leaded brass 900-800 BP (11 th /12 th Century)

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Royal Usurper Lajuwa, Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria, Terracotta 700-500 BP

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Female Figure Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Terracotta 700-500 BP

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Head of a female Ooni Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Terracotta 800-700 BP

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Pot lid in the form of a Hippopotamus, Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria, Terracotta, 700-500 BP

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Head of a ritual specialist, Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Terracotta 700-500 BP

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Abstract cylindrical head depicting the inner Spiritual headori inu Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Terracotta 700-600 BP

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Ritual Pot Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Terracotta 700-600 BP

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Quartz stool with loop handle Ife (Yoruba) Nigeria Quartz, 900 BP

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Summary Ife was certainly a royal art Ife was the religious and political center of divine rulers Many of the heads were used for enthronement rituals; Second burial ceremonies; and in honor of deceased rulers; The art of Ife validates the notion: Though king and queens may die, but the institution of rulership does not die