Ifremer (*LER/PC L’Houmeau, **LER/FBN Concarneau) Doccuments/CM-2010/N/N2010.pdf · departments...
1
Scanning electron micrographs of Pseudo-nitzschia australis (1) Pseudo-nitzschia australis occurrence and A.S.P. toxicity in Pertuis Charentais (France) after Xynthia storm (28 feb. 2010) M. Ryckaert*, E. Nézan**, N. Chomérat**, D. Le Gal**, A. Terre-Terrillon**, S. Genauzeau*, A. Derrien*, A. Schmitt*, A. Fillon*, J. L. Gaignon* Ifremer (*LER/PC L’Houmeau, **LER/FBN Concarneau) ICES CM 2010 : N 20 P. BRETON 0,0E+00 5,0E+05 1,0E+06 1,5E+06 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG P. MAUMUSSON 0,0E+00 5,0E+05 1,0E+06 1,5E+06 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG P. ANTIOCHE 0,0E+00 5,0E+05 1,0E+06 1,5E+06 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG Toxicity (Amnesia Shellfish Poisoning - ASP) within oysters and mussels has been squaring with the development of P. Australis algae (fig.3a and 3b). Domoic Acid (DA) health threshold of 20 mg.kg -1 was exceeded for one to two weeks in reared shellfish (fig.4). For the first time since the setting up of REPHY network in relation with the ASP toxin, administrative authorities of Vendée and Charente-Maritime departments were thus led to ban harvesting and selling shellfish (and crustacea as well, tab.2) for one to three weeks in March within all Pertuis and later in May for one to two weeks in Pertuis Breton. Contamination in scallops (Pecten maximus tab.1) is longer- lasted. Their commercial exploitation, scheduled from October to December, will be decided upon after some new tests are made. But we might worry considering the kinetics of contamination and depuration of these shellfish. >x5 Fig. 4 ASP accumulation in reared shellfish march march may Pseudo-nitzschia occurrence: maximum monthly quantity According to the historical data (1998- 2009) from Ifremer REPHY (Réseau Phytoplancton et Phycotoxines) network, the monthly highest quantities of Pseudo- nitzschia spp occur in summer with a gradient increasing from the north to the south of the Pertuis. During 2010 spring, this gradient has reversed and the highest concentrations were up to 10 6 cells per liter during the 2 nd fortnight of March (fig.2). The species was identified as P.australis (1). It is not a matter of mono- specific bloom, the development (started before the storm) of the Skeletonema costatum diatom is continuing in the same way as the P.australis development to reach almost 10 7 cells per liter. Area location Among Xynthia impacts, two of them contributed to enrich coastal waters with nutrients: sea sediments replaced in suspension by agitation, and the flowing back of the water after having swept through the land. If the coastal waters don’t suffer a poor nutrient level in spring (due to numerous rivers input), the arrival of unusual substances, mainly organic, as well as a disequilibrium between nutrients by the submersion due to Xynthia, have likely contributed to the appearance of P.australis. The S-N gradient of abundance of this species can be related to the area of submerged land (about 30.000 ha) more important to the north of the study area (fig.1). P.australis can use organic or mineral nitrogen indifferently, the first one increasing its toxicity (2). Many authors (in 3) put forward a recognized connection between anthropic eutrophisation and increase in toxic algae bloom. The event here-described corresponds to a sudden short and huge eutrophication. The Xynthia storm can be compared (at smaller scale) with Hurricane Katrina (August 2005), particularly through the flooding effect, which has been followed by a lengthy period of ASP toxicity in numerous marine animals (4). Tab.1 Other shellfish : 0,E+00 2,E+05 4,E+05 6,E+05 w6 w8 w10 w12 w14 w16 w18 w20 Time (weeks 2010) Pseudo-N cells.L -1 0 50 100 150 200 DA mg.kg -1 Xynthia 20 0,E+00 2,E+05 4,E+05 6,E+05 w6 w8 w10 w12 w14 w16 w18 w20 Time (weeks 2010) Pseudo-N cells.L -1 0 50 100 150 200 DA mg.kg -1 Xynthia 20 Fig.3a P. australis occurrence (histogramm) and mussels toxicity (Domoïc Acid level ) in Pertuis Breton since Feb 8 (w6) to May 27 (w21) 2010. Fig. 3b P. australis occurrence (histogramm) and oysters toxicity (Domoïc Acid level ) in Pertuis de Maumusson since Feb 8 (w6) to May 27 (w21) 2010. march x1-x5 <x1 Site Taxa (1 ind.) Organ D.A. (mg.kg -1 ) NO Oléron Isle Cancer pagurus 1 DG 5.3 M <0.15 NO Oléron Isle Cancer pagurus 2 DG 17.1 M <0.15 NO Oléron Isle Necora puber 1 DG 56.2 M <0.15 NO Oléron Isle Necora puber 2 DG 222.4 M 1.4 NO Oléron Isle Necora puber 3 DG 6.8 M <0.15 Sampling date : 29/03/2010 DG = digestive gland, M = muscle Tab.2 Crustacea : References : 1. Nézan E. et al 2010, Harmful Algae News, 41: 1-2 2. Cochlan W.P. et al 2008, Harmful Algae 8: 111-118 3. Heisler J. et al 2008, Harmful Algae 8: 3-13 4. Vail V. (2005), in Lampl L.L. and Ayres D. 2006 (p. 8), Harmful Algal Research and Response : a human dimensions strategy (Bauer M. ed), 72 p Acknowledgements : We thank our colleagues J. Grizon, J.L. Seugnet, J.C. Piquet, C. Lecadet, M. Noyer, D. Morin, O. Courtois, P. Geairon, S. Robert and C. Arnaud for providing field samples. We thank Europ (Feder) and Poitou- Charentes Region for financial contribution. 1 = health threshold (20 mg.kg -1 Domoïc Acid) Legend may may Two examples of P. australis occurrence and tocicity in reared shellfish Fig.2 Pseudo-nitzschia occurrences in Pertuis Charentais. Maximum monthly quantity (MMQ) 2010 compared with maximum monthly quantity 1998-2009 Fig.1 Pertuis Charentais and flooding after Xynthia storm MMQ 1998- 2009 MMQ 2010 Carte produite le 5 mars 2010 par le SERTIT © SERTIT 2010 Zone inondée le 4 mars 2010 Zone inondée le 2 mars 2010 Carte produite le 6 mars 2010 par le SERTIT © SERTIT 2010 Surface en eau Terrain fortement humide Pertuis Breton Pertuis d’Antioche Pertuis de Maumusson Site Taxa (min 10 ind.) Sampling date D.A. (mg.kg -1 ) Pertuis Breton Pecten maximus 18/02/2010* <0.15 Pertuis Breton Pecten maximus 22/04/2010 162.8 Pertuis d’Antioche Pecten maximus 22/04/2010 208.7 Pertuis Breton Chlamys varia 17/02/2010* <0.15 Pertuis Breton Chlamys varia 22/04/2010 <0.15 Pertuis Breton Chlamys opercularis 22/04/2010 15.9 Pertuis d’Antioche Chlamys opercularis 22/04/2010 27.2 * Before P. australis occurrence In homage to Patrick Gentien, colleague and friend, died in may 2010 ICES Annual Science Conference, Nantes (France) 20-24 september 2010
Transcript of Ifremer (*LER/PC L’Houmeau, **LER/FBN Concarneau) Doccuments/CM-2010/N/N2010.pdf · departments...
Scan
ning
ele
ctro
nm
icro
grap
hsof
Pseudo-nitzschiaaustralis(1)
Pseudo-nitzschia
australis
occurrence and A.S.P. toxicity
in Pertuis Charentais (France) after
Xynthia
storm
(28 feb. 2010)M. Ryckaert*, E. Nézan**, N. Chomérat**, D. Le Gal**, A. Terre-Terrillon**, S. Genauzeau*, A. Derrien*,
A. Schmitt*, A. Fillon*, J. L. Gaignon*
Ifremer (*LER/PC L’Houmeau, **LER/FBN Concarneau)
ICES CM 2010 : N 20
P. BRETON
0,0E+00
5,0E+05
1,0E+06
1,5E+06
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
P. MAUMUSSON
0,0E+00
5,0E+05
1,0E+06
1,5E+06
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
P. ANTIOCHE
0,0E+00
5,0E+05
1,0E+06
1,5E+06
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
Toxicity (Amnesia Shellfish Poisoning -
ASP) within oysters and mussels has been squaring with the development of P. Australis
algae (fig.3a and 3b). Domoic
Acid (DA) health threshold of 20 mg.kg-1
was exceeded for one to two weeks in reared shellfish (fig.4). For the first time since the setting up of REPHY network in relation with the ASP toxin,
administrative authorities of Vendée
and Charente-Maritime departments were thus led to ban harvesting and selling shellfish (and crustacea
as well, tab.2) for one to three weeks in March within all Pertuis
and later in May for one to two weeks in Pertuis
Breton.
Contamination in scallops (Pecten
maximus
tab.1) is longer-
lasted. Their commercial exploitation, scheduled from
October to December, will be decided upon after some new tests are made. But we might worry considering the kinetics of contamination and depuration of these shellfish.
>x5
Fig. 4 ASP accumulation in reared
shellfish
march
march
may
Pseudo-nitzschia
occurrence: maximum monthly quantity
According to the historical data (1998-
2009) from Ifremer
REPHY (Réseau
Phytoplancton
et Phycotoxines) network, the monthly highest quantities of Pseudo-
nitzschia
spp
occur in summer with a
gradient increasing from the north to the south of the Pertuis. During 2010 spring, this gradient has reversed and the highest concentrations were up to 106 cells per liter during the 2nd
fortnight of March (fig.2). The species was identified as
P.australis
(1). It is not a matter of mono-
specific bloom, the development (started before the storm) of the Skeletonema
costatum
diatom is continuing in the same way as the P.australis
development to
reach almost 107 cells per liter.Area location
Among Xynthia
impacts, two of them contributed to enrich coastal waters with nutrients: sea sediments replaced in suspension by agitation, and the flowing back of the
water after having swept through the land. If the coastal waters don’t suffer a poor nutrient level in spring (due to numerous rivers
input), the arrival of unusual substances, mainly organic, as well as a disequilibrium between nutrients by the submersion due to Xynthia, have likely contributed to the appearance of P.australis. The S-N gradient of abundance of this species can be related to the area of submerged land (about 30.000 ha) more important to the north of the study area (fig.1). P.australis
can use organic or mineral nitrogen indifferently, the first one increasing its toxicity
(2).
Many authors (in 3) put forward a recognized connection between anthropic
eutrophisation
and increase in toxic algae bloom. The event here-described corresponds to a sudden short and huge eutrophication.
The Xynthia
storm
can
be
compared
(at smaller scale) with
Hurricane Katrina
(August 2005), particularly
through
the flooding
effect, which
has been followed
by a lengthy
period
of ASP toxicity
in numerous marine animals (4).
Tab.1 Other
shellfish
:
0,E+00
2,E+05
4,E+05
6,E+05
w6 w8w10
w12w14 w16
w18w20
Time (weeks 2010)
Pse
ud
o-N
cel
ls.L
-1
0
50
100
150
200
DA
mg
.kg
-1
Xynthia
20
0,E+00
2,E+05
4,E+05
6,E+05
w6 w8w10 w12 w14 w16 w18 w20
Time (weeks 2010)
Pse
ud
o-N
cel
ls.L
-1
0
50
100
150
200
DA
mg
.kg
-1
Xynthia
20
Fig.3a P. australis
occurrence (histogramm) and mussels
toxicity
(Domoïc
Acid
level
) in Pertuis Breton
since
Feb
8 (w6) to May 27 (w21) 2010.
Fig. 3b
P. australis
occurrence (histogramm) and oysters
toxicity
(Domoïc
Acid
level
) in Pertuis de Maumusson
since
Feb
8 (w6) to May 27 (w21) 2010.
march
x1-x5
<x1
Site Taxa (1 ind.)
Organ D.A. (mg.kg-1)
NO Oléron Isle Cancer pagurus 1 DG 5.3
M <0.15
NO Oléron Isle Cancer pagurus 2 DG 17.1
M <0.15
NO Oléron Isle Necora puber 1 DG 56.2
M <0.15
NO Oléron Isle Necora puber 2 DG 222.4
M 1.4
NO Oléron Isle Necora puber 3 DG 6.8
M <0.15
Sampling date : 29/03/2010 DG = digestive gland, M = muscle
Tab.2 Crustacea
:
References
:1. Nézan
E. et al
2010, Harmful
Algae
News, 41: 1-22. Cochlan
W.P. et al
2008, Harmful
Algae
8: 111-1183. Heisler
J. et al
2008, Harmful
Algae
8: 3-134. Vail
V. (2005), in
Lampl
L.L. and Ayres
D. 2006 (p. 8), Harmful
Algal Research
and Response
: a human
dimensions strategy
(Bauer M. ed), 72 p
Acknowledgements
: We
thank
our
colleagues
J. Grizon, J.L. Seugnet, J.C. Piquet, C. Lecadet, M. Noyer, D. Morin, O. Courtois, P. Geairon, S. Robert and C. Arnaud for providing
field
samples. We
thank
Europ (Feder) and Poitou-
Charentes Region
for financial
contribution.
1
= health
threshold(20 mg.kg-1
Domoïc
Acid)
Legend
may
may
Two
examples
of P. australis
occurrence and tocicity
in reared
shellfish
Fig.2 Pseudo-nitzschia
occurrences in Pertuis Charentais. Maximum monthly
quantity
(MMQ) 2010 compared
with
maximum monthly
quantity
1998-2009Fig.1 Pertuis Charentais and flooding
after
Xynthia
storm
MMQ 1998-
2009
MMQ 2010
Zone inondée le 2 mars 2010
Zone inondée le 4 mars 2010
Carte produite le 5 mars 2010 par le SERTIT
©
SERTIT 2010
Zone inondée le 2 mars 2010
Zone inondée le 4 mars 2010
Zone inondée le 2 mars 2010
Carte produite le 5 mars 2010 par le SERTIT
©
SERTIT 2010
Zone inondée le 4 mars 2010
Zone inondée le 2 mars 2010
Carte produite le 5 mars 2010 par le SERTIT
©
SERTIT 2010
Zone inondée le 4 mars 2010
Zone inondée le 2 mars 2010
Carte produite le 6 mars 2010 par le SERTIT
©
SERTIT 2010
Surface en eau
Terrain fortement humide
Pertuis Breton
Pertuis d’Antioche
Pertuis de Maumusson
Site Taxa (min 10 ind.)
Sampling date
D.A. (mg.kg-1)
Pertuis Breton Pecten maximus 18/02/2010* <0.15
Pertuis Breton Pecten maximus 22/04/2010 162.8
Pertuis d’Antioche Pecten maximus 22/04/2010 208.7
Pertuis Breton Chlamys varia 17/02/2010* <0.15
Pertuis Breton Chlamys varia 22/04/2010 <0.15
Pertuis Breton Chlamys opercularis 22/04/2010 15.9
Pertuis d’Antioche Chlamys opercularis 22/04/2010 27.2 * Before P. australis occurrence
In homage
to Patrick Gentien, colleague
and friend, died
in may
2010
ICES Annual
Science Conference, Nantes (France) 20-24 september
2010
