“If there’s a worse place than hell”

Lincoln and a myriad of issues, 1862-1863

David Hunter 1802-1886

The Road to Emancipation

• Crittenden-Johnson Resolution (July 25, 1861• First Confiscation Act (August 6, 1861)• David Hunter, Gen. Order # 11, (May 9, 1862)• Second Confiscation Act (July 16, 1862)• Militia Act (July 17, 1862)• Prayer of 20 Million• Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation• Permanent Emancipation Proclamation

“My paramount objective in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some of the slaves and leaving others alone I would also do that."

Battle of Antietam

• Lee’s invasion

• General Order No. 191

• Missed opportunities

• L. fired McClellan (Nov. 5, 1862)

Cabinet Crisis

• Chase, Seward, and Lincoln

• “I have a pumpkin in each end of my bag; now I can ride.”

Battles in West

• Iuka, Sept. 19, 1862

• Corinth, Oct. 3-4, 1862

• Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862

• CSA failure to win victories caused discord at home and cost any chance to win diplomatic recognition abroad. But it didn’t preordain CSA defeat.

Battle of Fredericksburg,Dec. 11-15, 1862

Battle of Stones River, Dec. 31, 1862-Jan. 2, 1863

• 23,515 casualties—highest for % engaged in any CW battle.• "You gave us a hard-earned victory, which had there been a defeat

instead, the nation could scarcely have lived over." L. to Rosecrans

William Starke Rosecrans 1819-1898

Big Battles

• Chancellorsville, Apr. 30-May 5, 1863

• Gettysburg, July 1-4, 1863

• Vicksburg, (Attacks, May 19, May 22, Siege: May 25-July 4, 1863)

• Chattanooga, Nov. 23-25, 1863

• Brought Grant to east to deal with R. E. Lee.

Chancellorsville, April 30-May 2.

Chancellorsville, May 3

Chancellorsville, May 4

Chancellorsville

• U. S. troop strength: 133,868; CSA troop strength: 60,892

• U. S. Causalities: 17,197 (1,606 killed, 9,672 wounded, 5,919 missing)

• CSA Casualties: 13,303 (1,665 killed, 9,081 wounded, 2,018 missing)

From Chancellorsvilleto Gettysburg

Retreat and Pursuit from Gettysburg

Gettysburg

• U. S. troops: 93,921; CSA troops: 71,699

• U. S. Casualties: 23,055 (3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured/missing)

• CSA Casualties: 23,231(4,708 killed; 12,693 wounded; 5,830 captured/missing)

Vicksburg

• U. S. Casualties: 4,835 of 77,000 total troops engaged. Whither Grant the Butcher?

• CSA Casualties: 32,697 (29,495 surrendered)