If price is important and KLINGER is expensive, why are we ... · If price is important and KLINGER...

If price is important and KLINGER is expensive, why are we the leading manufacturer of static sealing?

You will find out why

KLINGER: A GLOBAL PARTNER FOR GLOBAL PLAYERS

WE COMPARE APPLES WITH APPLES. MANY COMPETITORS DON’T

WE CONTROL THE ENTIRE SUPPLY CHAIN

EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF YOUR GASKET - FOR FREE

WE HAVE ALL THE GASKETS YOU NEED

COMPETITOR PTFE PRODUCTS CREEP. KLINGER’S DON’T

DO YOU EXPERIENCE PROBLEMS WITH HARD GASKETS?

OUR NEW WORLD CHAMPION

WATCH OUT FOR CHEAP COPIES OF SPIRAL WOUNDED GASKETS

DEMAND MORE FROM YOUR SUPPLIER OF GRAPHITE GASKETS

We are often told that KLINGER gaskets are expensive.

We hear that price matters…a lot, when customers select their gasket supplier.

So why are we the biggest and most innovative manufacturer world wide measured in: (1) tons of gasket material produced, (2) and in number of patents?

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KLINGER is the largest manufacturer of fiber gaskets in the world and has several state of the art factories. KLINGER was founded in 1874 and is today a global and recognized brand with 19 production sites worldwide.

For our customers this means:1. We ensure consistent quality regardless of

where in the world we supply. Our customers will get the same product anywhere in the world, but produced and supplied locally. We help you and your customers locally, and when choosing KLINGER your customers will never have a reason to question your choice of gaskets - and we are also here tomorrow.

2. You can simplify your supply chain even if you have offices around the world, as we ensure you a global agreement.

3. Using KLINGER gaskets minimizes unwanted shutdowns caused by gasket failure. On the following pages we will illustrate to you why this is the case.

4. Based on the material we will present to you, we insist to have competitive prices in relation to quality.

KLINGER: A GLOBAL PARTNER FOR GLOBAL PLAYERS

410 MILLION ANNUAL SALES

2300 EMPLOYEES WORLDWIDE EXPORT TO 80 COUNTRIES

19 PRODUCTION SITES

We will like to show you the lack of transparency when talking about the quality of a gasket.

Many technical issues must be considered to ensure you the best investment.

We hereby hope to inspire you in your next selection process.

3 4

Composition Glass fibres, aramid fibres, inorganic fillers, NBR binder. Optional steel wire mesh or expanded steel insert on request.

Colour Green

Approvals DIN-DVGW DIN 3535-6, DVGW VP 401, DVGW KTW, BAM (Oxygen), TA-Luft (VDI 2440), WRAS, EC 1935/2004

TECHNICAL DATA. Typical values for a thickness of 2 mm

Density DIN 28090-2 g/cm³ 1.8

Compressibility ASTM F36J % 7

Recovery ASTM F36J % 55

Tensile strength ASTM F152 MPa 11

Stress resistance DIN 52913

16 h, 50 MPa, 175 °C MPa 38

16 h, 50 MPa, 300 °C MPa 33

Specific leak rate DIN 3536-6 mg/(s·m) 0.03

Thickness increase ASTM F146

Oil IRM 903, 5 h, 150 °C % 3

ASTM Fuel B, 5 h, 23 °C % 5

Compression modulus DIN 28090-2

At room temperature: ƐKSW % 6.9

At elevated temperature: ƐWSW/200 °C % 7.9

Percentage creep relaxation DIN 28090-2

At room temperature: ƐKSW % 3.3

At elevated temperature: ƐWSW/200 °C % 1.2

Max. operating conditions

Peak temperature °C/°F 440/824

Continuous temperature °C/°F 350/662

- With steam °C/°F 250/482

Pressure bar/psi 120/1740

Summary: We compare apples with apples. Many competitors don’t.

When comparing two gasket materials, the data sheets can not be used to determine which material is best.

The PT diagram is often used for comparison of two materials, but there is no norm that specify the lifetime of a gasket within its pressure and temperature limit.

It is up to the manufacturer to decide what is an acceptable lifetime of a gasket for a given duty. Not all manufacturers think alike…

The best test for comparison of gasket materials is the Hot/Cold compression test. Ask for this and be suspicious if your supplier does not answer.

Look up the material in the database of CST. For details read the following chapter.

5

At a first glance the two above data sheets have almost identical values. BUT, they are not comparable! Our skilled staff conduct a variety of inhouse tests and applicable standard tests to ensure that our customers get the same product anywhere in the world. An important inhouse test is the KLINGER Hot / Cold compression test. It has been developed by KLINGER and in short the test shows how surface pressure and temperature affects the gasket material. The test

WE COMPARE APPLES WITH APPLES. MANY COMPETITORS DON’T

KLINGERSIL C-4430Technical data

min50 MPa, 16h/ 175°C50 MPa, 16h/ 300°C40 MPa, 16h/ 300°Cthickness decrease at 23°Cthickness decrease at 300°C

DIN 28090-1VDI 2440DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2 oil JRM 903: 5 h/150°Cfuel B: 5 h/23°C

ROA

ρD

1 kHz, ca.2 mm thickness1 kHz, ca.2 mm thickness

tightness class 0.1 mg/s x m

Typical valuesCompressibility ASTM F 36 JRecovery ASTM F 36 J Stress relaxation DIN 52913

Stress relaxation BS 7531Klinger cold/hot compression50 MPa Tightness according DIN 3535/6Tightness class LSpecific leakrate λCold compression Cold recoveryHot compression Hot recoverySpring back RThickness increase after fluid immersion ASTM F 146 DensityAverage surface resistanceAverage specific volume resistanceAverage dielectric strengthAverage power factorAverage dielectric coefficientThermal conductivityASME-Code sealing factorsfor gasket thickness 2,0 mm

950393531

811

< 0.10.1

2,13E-056 - 10 2 - 4

7 1

0.019 35

1.754.1x10E134.5x10E12

21.30.026.4

0.42

255

%%

MPaMPaMPa

%%

mg/s x m

mbar x l/s x m% % %%

mm%%

g/cm3

ΩΩ cm

kV/mmtan δεr

W/mK

MPa ym

UsesHigh pressure gasket for universalapplications. Suitable for use withwater and steam at highertemperatures as well as to oils, gases,salt solutions, fuels, alcohols,moderate organic and inorganicacids, hydrocarbons, lubricants andrefrigerants. Premium material gradewith outstanding stress retention.

Dimensions of the standard sheetsSizes:1000 x 1500 mm, 2000 x 1500 mm.Thicknesses:0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm,2.0 mm, 3.0 mm;other thicknesses and sizes on request.Tolerances:thickness ±10%, length ± 50 mm,width ± 50 mm.

SurfacesKLINGERSIL® gasket materials aregenerally furnished with surfaces oflow adhesion. On request, graphitefacings and other surface finishes onone or both sides are also available.

Function and durabilityThe performance and service life ofKLINGER gaskets depend in largemeasure on proper storage andfitting, factors beyond the manu-factor’s control. We can, however,vouch for the excellent quality of ourproducts.

With this in mind, please alsoobserve our installation instructions.

Tests and approvalsFire safe according to BS 5146.BAM approval in accordance withUVV 28, oxygen( VGB 62)tested up to 100 bar and 85°C.Approved for gas supply inaccordance with DIN 3535/6.DIN - DVGW permit NG 5123AN0418.SVGW permit, KTW recommended.Lab. National d`Essais 9030144.WRc approval. Germanischer Lloyd.Meets the technical requirements ofBS 7531:2006 Grade AX.TA Luft (Clean air) approval, tested in accordance with VDI 2440 at 250°C.

Rich. Klinger Dichtungstechnik GmbH & Co KGAm Kanal 8-10A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen, AustriaTel ++43 (0) 2252/62599-137Fax ++43 (0) 2252/62599-296e-mail: [email protected]://www.klinger.co.at

Subject to technical alterations. Issue: December 2007

Certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2000

®

Powerful sealing calculation withonline help on CD-ROM

50-50-100-150-200 0 °C

p i bar

20

0

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 150 350300200 250 400

100

DIN 2690/ DIN EN 1514-1 form IBC up to PN 40*

The many, varied demandsplaced on gasketsA common perception is that thesuitability of a gasket for anygiven application depends uponthe maximum temperature andpressure conditions. This is notthe case.

Maximum temperature andpressure values alone can notdefine a material’s suitability foran application. These limits aredependent upon a multiplicity offactors as shown in the diagramopposite. It is always advisable to consider these factors whenselecting a material for a givenapplication.

*Gaskets according to DIN 2690 are only standardised up to PN 40 and gasket thickness 2 mm.

Selecting gaskets with pT diagramsThe Klinger pT diagram providesguidelines for determining thesuitability of a particular gasketmaterial for a specific applicationbased on the operatingtemperature and pressure only.

Additional stresses such asfluctuating load may significantlyaffect the suitability of a gasket in the application and must beconsidered separately. Alwaysrefer to the chemical resistanceof the gasket to the fluid.

In area one, the gasketmaterial is normally suitablesubject to chemicalcompatibility.

In area two, the gasketmaterials may be suitable but atechnical evaluation isrecommended.

In area three, do not installthe gasket without a technicalevaluation.

Areas of Application

Klinger Hot and ColdCompression Test MethodThe Klinger Hot CompressionTest was developed by Klingeras a method to test the loadbearing capabilities of gasketmaterials under hot and coldconditions.

In contrast to the BS 7531and DIN 52913 tests, the KlingerCompression test maintains aconstant gasket stressthroughout the entire test. This subjects the gasket to moresevere conditions.

Temperatures up to 300°Care then applied and theadditional thickness decrease ismeasured.This simulates thefirst start up phase.

The thickness decrease ismeasured at an ambient tempe-rature of 23°C after applying thegasket load.This simulates assembly.

The diagram showsadditional thickness decrease at temperature 6080100120140160180200220

2040

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

0 50

0

Temperature °CStress MPa

Thic

knes

s de

crea

se %

10

20

30

40

50

60

Thic

knes

s de

crea

se %

KLINGERSIL C-4430®

TESNIT® BA-GL combines excellent thermal and chemical resistance with outstanding mechanical properties, especially bolt torque retention. Thus, TESNIT® BA-GL is particularly suited for gas and steam supplies, heating systems, pumps and compressors.

TESNIT® BA-GL

TECHNICAL DATA Typical values for a thickness of 2 mm

Density DIN 28090-2 g/cm3 1.8



Tensile strengthx ASTM F152 MPa 11

Stress resistance DIN 5291316 h, 50 MPa, 175 °C MPa 38

16 h, 50 MPa, 300 °C MPa 33

Specific leak rate DIN 3535-6 mg/(s.m) 0.03

Thickness increase ASTM F146Oil IRM 903, 5 h, 150 °C % 3


Compression modulus DIN 28090-2At room temperature: εKSW % 6.9

At elevated temperature: εWSW/200 °C % 7.9

Percentage creep relaxation DIN 28090-2At room temperature: εKRW % 3.3

At elevated temperature: εWRW/200 °C % 1.2

Max. operating conditionsPeak temperature °C/°F 440/824


- with steam °C/°F 250/482


CompositionGlass fibres, aramid fibres, inorganic fillers, NBR binder. Optional steel wire mesh or expanded steel insert on request.

Colour Green


P-T DIAGRAMEN 1514-1, Type IBC, PN 40, DIN 28091-2 / 3.8, 2.0 mm

PR

ESSU

RE

[bar

]

TEMPERATURE [ C]

0

50

100

150

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

PROPERTIES

SUPERIOR

EXCELENT

VERY GOOD

GOOD

MODERATE

POTABLE WATER SUPPLY

STEAM SUPPLY

GAS SUPPLY

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

FOOD INDUSTRY

SHIPBUILDING

POWER PLANT

REFRIGERATION AND COOLING

HEATING SYSTEMS

HIGH TEMP. APPLICATIONS

COMPRESSORS AND PUMPS

VALVES

General suitability - Under common installation practices and chemical compatibility.

Conditional suitability - Appropriate measures ensure maximum performance for joint design and gasket installation. Technical consultation is recommended.

Limited suitability - Technical consultation is mandatory.

APPROPRIATE INDUSTRIES & APPLICATIONS

SEALABILITY PERFORMANCE

THERMAL RESISTANCE

MECHANICAL RESISTANCE

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

Reconstructed data sheet from Competitor

PT DIAGRAMEN 1514-1, Type IBC, PN 40, DIN 28091-2/3.8, 2.0mm

Data sheet from KLINGER

equals the later introduced BS 7531 and DIN 52913 tests. However the Hot / Cold compression test differs in the way surface pressure is being maintained during the entire test. Hence a more demanding strenght test. The equipment to perform the test has been manufactured by KLINGER and has been used by the industry over the years.

6

COMPETITOR




The maximum temperatures and pressures at which gaskets may be used are influenced by a large number of factors. Therefore a definite statement of these values for gasket material is not possible.The two diagrammes above illustrate quite different values. Especially the pressure values. Competitor material apparently copes with much higher media pressure demanding a high gasket stress capacity. On the next page you will see why this is highly questionable.

All KLINGER materials are tested according to the Hot / Cold compression test. We know the real limits of a material and we can prove it! Please note that values stated in a material datasheet are values published by the manufacturer and therefore can be misleading.On the webpage of Center of Sealing Technologies - CST you find a database with independent data about gasket materials. Our recommendation is to use the webpage as a tool to fully understand supplier datasheets.

50-50-100-150-200 0 °C

p i bar

20

0

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 150 350300200 250 400

100

DIN 2690/ DIN EN 1514-1 form IBC up to PN 40*

The many, varied demandsplaced on gasketsA common perception is that thesuitability of a gasket for anygiven application depends uponthe maximum temperature andpressure conditions. This is notthe case.

Maximum temperature andpressure values alone can notdefine a material’s suitability foran application. These limits aredependent upon a multiplicity offactors as shown in the diagramopposite. It is always advisable to consider these factors whenselecting a material for a givenapplication.

*Gaskets according to DIN 2690 are only standardised up to PN 40 and gasket thickness 2 mm.

Selecting gaskets with pT diagramsThe Klinger pT diagram providesguidelines for determining thesuitability of a particular gasketmaterial for a specific applicationbased on the operatingtemperature and pressure only.

Additional stresses such asfluctuating load may significantlyaffect the suitability of a gasket in the application and must beconsidered separately. Alwaysrefer to the chemical resistanceof the gasket to the fluid.

In area one, the gasketmaterial is normally suitablesubject to chemicalcompatibility.

In area two, the gasketmaterials may be suitable but atechnical evaluation isrecommended.

In area three, do not installthe gasket without a technicalevaluation.

Areas of Application

Klinger Hot and ColdCompression Test MethodThe Klinger Hot CompressionTest was developed by Klingeras a method to test the loadbearing capabilities of gasketmaterials under hot and coldconditions.

In contrast to the BS 7531and DIN 52913 tests, the KlingerCompression test maintains aconstant gasket stressthroughout the entire test. This subjects the gasket to moresevere conditions.

Temperatures up to 300°Care then applied and theadditional thickness decrease ismeasured.This simulates thefirst start up phase.

The thickness decrease ismeasured at an ambient tempe-rature of 23°C after applying thegasket load.This simulates assembly.

The diagram showsadditional thickness decrease at temperature 6080100120140160180200220

2040

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

0 50

0

Temperature °CStress MPa

Thic

knes

s de

crea

se %

10

20

30

40

50

60

Thic

knes

s de

crea

se %

KLINGERSIL C-4430®


TESNIT® BA-GL







16 h, 50 MPa, 300 °C MPa 33













Colour Green



PR

ESSU

RE

[bar

]

TEMPERATURE [ C]

0

50

100

150

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

PROPERTIES

SUPERIOR

EXCELENT

VERY GOOD

GOOD

MODERATE


STEAM SUPPLY

GAS SUPPLY


FOOD INDUSTRY

SHIPBUILDING

POWER PLANT


HEATING SYSTEMS



VALVES






THERMAL RESISTANCE


CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

KLINGERSIL C-4430Technical data

min50 MPa, 16h/ 175°C50 MPa, 16h/ 300°C40 MPa, 16h/ 300°Cthickness decrease at 23°Cthickness decrease at 300°C

DIN 28090-1VDI 2440DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2 oil JRM 903: 5 h/150°Cfuel B: 5 h/23°C

ROA

ρD

1 kHz, ca.2 mm thickness1 kHz, ca.2 mm thickness

tightness class 0.1 mg/s x m

Typical valuesCompressibility ASTM F 36 JRecovery ASTM F 36 J Stress relaxation DIN 52913

Stress relaxation BS 7531Klinger cold/hot compression50 MPa Tightness according DIN 3535/6Tightness class LSpecific leakrate λCold compression Cold recoveryHot compression Hot recoverySpring back RThickness increase after fluid immersion ASTM F 146 DensityAverage surface resistanceAverage specific volume resistanceAverage dielectric strengthAverage power factorAverage dielectric coefficientThermal conductivityASME-Code sealing factorsfor gasket thickness 2,0 mm

950393531

811

< 0.10.1

2,13E-056 - 10 2 - 4

7 1

0.019 35

1.754.1x10E134.5x10E12

21.30.026.4

0.42

255

%%

MPaMPaMPa

%%

mg/s x m

mbar x l/s x m% % %%

mm%%

g/cm3

ΩΩ cm

kV/mmtan δεr

W/mK

MPa ym

UsesHigh pressure gasket for universalapplications. Suitable for use withwater and steam at highertemperatures as well as to oils, gases,salt solutions, fuels, alcohols,moderate organic and inorganicacids, hydrocarbons, lubricants andrefrigerants. Premium material gradewith outstanding stress retention.

Dimensions of the standard sheetsSizes:1000 x 1500 mm, 2000 x 1500 mm.Thicknesses:0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm,2.0 mm, 3.0 mm;other thicknesses and sizes on request.Tolerances:thickness ±10%, length ± 50 mm,width ± 50 mm.

SurfacesKLINGERSIL® gasket materials aregenerally furnished with surfaces oflow adhesion. On request, graphitefacings and other surface finishes onone or both sides are also available.

Function and durabilityThe performance and service life ofKLINGER gaskets depend in largemeasure on proper storage andfitting, factors beyond the manu-factor’s control. We can, however,vouch for the excellent quality of ourproducts.

With this in mind, please alsoobserve our installation instructions.

Tests and approvalsFire safe according to BS 5146.BAM approval in accordance withUVV 28, oxygen( VGB 62)tested up to 100 bar and 85°C.Approved for gas supply inaccordance with DIN 3535/6.DIN - DVGW permit NG 5123AN0418.SVGW permit, KTW recommended.Lab. National d`Essais 9030144.WRc approval. Germanischer Lloyd.Meets the technical requirements ofBS 7531:2006 Grade AX.TA Luft (Clean air) approval, tested in accordance with VDI 2440 at 250°C.

Rich. Klinger Dichtungstechnik GmbH & Co KGAm Kanal 8-10A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen, AustriaTel ++43 (0) 2252/62599-137Fax ++43 (0) 2252/62599-296e-mail: [email protected]://www.klinger.co.at

Subject to technical alterations. Issue: December 2007

Certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2000

®

Powerful sealing calculation withonline help on CD-ROM


TESNIT® BA-GL







16 h, 50 MPa, 300 °C MPa 33













Colour Green



PR

ESSU

RE

[bar

]

TEMPERATURE [ C]

0

50

100

150

-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

PROPERTIES

SUPERIOR

EXCELENT

VERY GOOD

GOOD

MODERATE


STEAM SUPPLY

GAS SUPPLY


FOOD INDUSTRY

SHIPBUILDING

POWER PLANT


HEATING SYSTEMS



VALVES






THERMAL RESISTANCE


CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

VS.

COMPETITOR

KLINGER

7

Note the result of a Hot / Cold compression test stated on datasheets from KLINGER.

Through tests, you get a correct proven comparison of two gasket materials. The above illustration shows such a comparison, in which we compare the two materials from the previous data sheets.Conclusions on the basis of the above illustration:1. KLINGERSIL®C-4430 has a better adaptability. This ensures almost instant sealability, also at low temperatures.2. Competitor datasheet states suitability up to 250°C, but around 200°C the curve breaks, hence indicating weakness.

In addition a steam test shows that KLINGERSIL®C-4430 has 8 times longer lifetime. Please note that information about lifetime is not available on a data sheet.

There is no standard for the lifetime of a gasket at a given temperature, pressure and media.Choosing a KLINGER gasket ensures you the best choice of gaskets for a given application.Conclusions:You can not use a standard data sheet for comparing the quality of two gasket materials.

Firstly, ask for results from a Hot / Cold compression test. It guarantees you, that the gasket meets the statements on the data sheet.

Secondly, if no Hot / Cold compression test is available, then ask for independent data from the database of CST.

Illustration: KLINGERSIL®C-4430 vs. Competitor (corresponding to the data on page 7)

Almost equal performance of the two materials

The KLINGER gasket has high level of adaption, meaning high compresability

Small advantage for KLINGER

Great advantage for KLINGER

Advantage for KLINGER

Competitor material starts to give in, mea-ning short lifespan

q

KLINGER material has a flat, stable curve and a longer lifespan

1,4

1

1

2

50 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800 20 30 40

1,7

1,8

1,9

2,0

1,5

1,6

gasket stress [MPa]

gas

ket

thic

knes

s [m

m]

KLINGERSIL®C-4430 @ 200 dg Celsius

Competitor @ 200 dg Celsius

Source: Center of Sealing Technologies

8

High media pressure requires high gasket stress capacity. Competitor pT diagramme on previous page promise a much higher media pressure capacity than KLINGER material. If this is the case why does competitor only test to 160 MPa gasket stress? Tendency of the competitor curve is indicating a short lifetime.

Summary: Our new world champion.

KLINGERSIL®C-4430 is known to be the strongest fiber material available. KLINGERSIL®C-4430plus is even stronger.

KLINGERSIL®C-4430plus can take higher surface pressure compared to KLINGERSIL®C-4430 = longer lifetime!

Low leakage rate even at high temperature.

The secret is peroxide cured NBR. For details read the following chapter.

9

OUR NEW WORLD CHAMPION

The development of KLINGERSIL®C-4430plus is based on experiences and knowhow from the production of KLINGER®Quantum.

The manufacturing process of KLINGERSIL® C-4430plus is patented and based on peroxide cured NBR which is distinguished by:

1. Withstanding the highest surface pressure.2. Very low leakage rate. 3. Higher surface pressure thus longer lifetime.4. Even at high temperatures the

leakage rate is low. This means long lifetime at temperatures, at which other materials

collapse.

KLINGERSIL®C-4430 used as example in the previous paragraph, is known as the world’s strongest fiber material, without compromising the leakage rate.Normally it is easy to get a soft material to tighten, but then it can not withstand high surface pressure and therefore has a shorter lifetime. KLINGERSIL®C-4430plus is the new world champion, as it breaks these normal standards! For this reason it is not possible to present a comparison of materials from CST. There are no materials on the market equaling KLINGERSIL®C-4430plus and it is an improvement of our KLINGERSIL®C-4430, as illustrated in the above figure.

Stress Level

Compressibility

COMPETITOR

KLINGERSIL®C-4430

KLINGERSIL®C-4430plus

10

Summary: Extend the lifetime of your gasket - for free.

When designing and selecting a gasket material, KLINGER expects the lifetime to be as long as the other components in the system!

Many factors influence the lifetime of a gasket but data on a data sheet are based on an ideal installed gasket – this is never the case!

KLINGER®expert is a simulation tool that takes all influencing factors into account and calculates the safety margin of an installed gasket.

It also tells you how the ideal installation for a given duty should be in order to optimize the lifetime of the installation.

To obtain a perfect comparison of two almost identical data sheets characterising two different materials, you need to: 1. Compare the values from a Hot / Cold compression test.2. Perform a simulation in KLINGER®expert or a similar calulation program for a given duty.

Experience from performing such tests and comparisons shows that KLINGER operate with much higher safety in the values on our data sheets = longer lifetime and higher safety.

Remember: no installation is ideal and all data is based on ideal installations. Safety is necessary. For details read the following chapter.

11 12

Another strenght of KLINGER is our advanced gasket calculation program KLINGER®expert, which simulates how a gasket behaves in a flange connection during operation. It also explains how the gasket is mounted properly. During simulation all factors affecting the lifetime of a gasket in a given application is taken into account, such as flanges, bolt quality and friction, gasket thickness and tightening of the flange bolts.Keep in mind, that values from a data sheet are always based on a perfect installation - which does not exist!The program also shows the ’margin’ left in the gasket during a given application (3). Hence you

EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF YOUR GASKET - FOR FREE

get knowhow about the expected lifetime of the installed gasket material. KLINGER prioritize the lifetime of a gasket material, as much as the other components in your system. Therefore the values you find on a KLINGER data sheet gives you higher safety than values on data sheets from many competitors. It becomes visible when two materials are tested in a Hot / Cold compression test and then compared. Accordingly, the values on a KLINGER data sheet and those from our competitors looks similar, but the test reveals that the materials have different lifetime when exposed to the values from the data sheet.

1

2

3

13

With a KLINGER gasket, you minimize the risk of shutdown caused by leakage from the gasket and the economic losses associated with a shutdown.

Always ask your supplier for technical calculation.

Download KLINGER®expert at our website: www.klinger.dk

Stress

Material 1

Material 2

LeakageStartup

MediaPressure

Use KLINGER®expert to define the optimum assembly.

Flat curve means quality material e.g. long lifetime

Time

This is because KLINGER provide as accurate information as possible.Our recommendation is not to let the cheapest component in your system determine the lifetime of your complete system.The price of replacing a gasket is 10-45 times the gasket price.

On the above illustrations you will find some of the values given in KLINGER®expert visualized in a simulated lifetime curve.

Media Pressure. Service pressure vs. test design pressure.

Maximum gasket stress.

Indicates the effective gasket stress, using the bolting grade to its maximum.

1

1

2

2

3

314

Partial screenshot from KLINGER®expert. Visualization of an operation/service situation.

Summary: Competitor PTFE gaskets creep. KLINGER’s don’t.

If money is not an issue, PTFE based gaskets solve a lot of problems...

…but all PTFE based materials creep. This makes retightening of the bolts necessary. Unless you accept to reduce the lifetime of your gasket considerly.

KLINGER®top-chem2000 has a creep of only 1,6% and does not call for retightening.

One material for all media up to 260°C – Fire Safe and FDA conformity! For details read the following chapter.

15

KLINGER®top-chem2000: World best PTFE gasket!! This gasket eliminates the need for retightening and hence reduce installation costs.

It has the lowest creep compared to all other PTFE-based gaskets on the market. 1.6% at 50 MPa / 200 °C). Competitor values are between 16 and 27%. KLINGER may not be the world’s largest manufacturer of PTFE-based sealing, but we have the best product in the world! KLINGER®top-chem2000 is a universal gasket resistent to all chemicals for which PTFE is used

up to 260°C.

FDA conformity comply with 1935/2004-EC framework regulation on food contact materials.

Additionally it is the only PTFE-based sealing with Fire Safe Approval, according to DIN EN ISO 10497, 11.2004 and API 607, fifth edition, 6.2005.

It is a gasket usable for all tasks, hence eliminating the risk of choosing the wrong gasket.

KLINGER®top-chem2000 is manufactured in a unique process - making it impossible for competitors to copy!

COMPETITOR PTFE GASKETS CREEP. KLINGER’S DON’T!

70%

80%

90%

100%-1,6% -16,1% -23,5% -25,2% -27,4%

KL

ING

ER

®to

p-c

hem

200

0

CO

MP

ET

ITO

R A

CO

MP

ET

ITO

R B

CO

MP

ET

ITO

R C

CO

MP

ET

ITO

R D

KLINGER®top-chem2000: Lowest creep

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Summary: Do you experience problems with hard gaskets?

High temperature and rubber bonded fiber-reinforced gasket materials has always been a challenge. We set new standards with KLINGER®Quantum.

A bending test reveals that KLINGER®Quantum is 8 times more flexible compared to other materials with similar compounds.

This means extended lifetime.

KLINGER®Quantum can be used at temperatures higher than any other rubber bonded fibre-reinforced gasket materials. Both stress and leakage tests have been performed at 400°C – successfully. Still with an expected normal lifetime.

The secret is a patented peroxide curing process. For details read the following chapter.

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DO YOU EXPERIENCE PROBLEMS WITH HARD GASKETS?

• Produced using a unique patented peroxide curing process, strengthening the HNBR rubber.• Withstands higher temperature than other rubber bonded fiber materials - tested to 400°C. • Up to 8 times more flexible than other rubber

bonded fiber materials. • Withstands high surface pressure. But also

seals at very low surface pressure.• Has a longer lifetime and lower leakage rate.• Part of our product portfolio recommended

for food contact. FDA conformity complies with 1935/2004-EC framework regulation on food contact materials.

Fibrous rubber bonded gaskets harden when exposed to heat - some more and quicker than others. With the development of KLINGER®Quantum, we have taken into account the flexability of a gasket. A gasket that remains flexible, even when subjected to high temperatures.

A soft gasket for a hard job.

UNIQUE AND WITHOUT

COMPARISON

Temperature

Lifetime

STANDARD

NOT FOR RUBBER BONDED FIBER

400°C

18

Summary: Demand more from your supplier of graphite gaskets.

There are some production processes all manufacturers of graphite sheets need to follow carefully in order to obtain high quality products:The quality of the finished foils is determined by:

• Acid treatment

• Washing and drying

• Expansion

• Feed of expanded graphite to calandering line

• Rolls and thickness settings

• Density control

• In process inspection

Only few manufacturers of graphite master these processes to perfection.

High graphite purity ≠ high graphite quality.

Graphite is produced according to the DIN 28090-2 standard. Ask for a weight loss test value as specified in the standard, DIN 28090-2.

The Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) test shows weight loss, after the graphite is exposed to 670°C.

When testing a competitor material, claiming to have better properties as one KLINGER grade with a documented weight loss of 4%/h, we found a staggering weight loss of 58%/h. This poor graphite grade will vanish in less than two hours. For details read the following chapter.

19 20

It all starts here!We carefully choose the mines that supply our factories, to ensure a high quality product.We control our entire supply chain.

21 22

DEMAND MORE FROM YOUR SUPPLIER OF GRAPHITE GASKETS

Flexible graphite was patented in 1968 and KLINGER as pioneer introduced one of the first tanged graphite laminates a few years later.Today we produce noumerous graphite gasket sheet grades using only high quality graphite from carefully chosen mines. We constantly focus on the following four steps in our quality control:

1st step in quality controlGraphite being a native element mineral is extracted from mines all over the world. Three quarter of the entire volume, originate from Chinese mines. The mineral varies significantly in quality, even within a few meters in a specific ore area. This step is critical as it ensures a rawmaterial of high quality.

23

Graphite Rock Graphite Flake Expanded Graphite

2nd step in quality controlProduction of flexible graphite is a highly delicate process and requires state of the art equipment and skilled manpower in order to control the process. The chemical treatment includes the use of acids which must be carefully washed out and dried. This production process must be controlled carefully to avoid oxidation (leading to weight loss), flange corrosion, air bubbles etc.3rd step in quality controlCorrect heat treatment is essential, as it changes the structure of the graphite. This step is critical as it ensures the right flexibility of the material. 4th step in quality controlFourth step is precision calendaring of the flexible graphite. This involves controlling the volume, speed and pressure with high

technology equipment resulting in a consistentgraphite sheet grade, regardless if it’s homogenious, laminated or reinforced sheets.

Few manufacturers of graphite gaskets master these four steps to perfection.

Purity of the graphite is often used as a quality guide. High purity = high quality is not always the case.

There is one very efficient method to compare two similar graphite materials - a TGA test performed at 670°C, accelerating the oxidation of the graphite resulting in a weight loss.Performing a test for every production run will be very costly. For this reason the regular quality

24

TGA used by KLINGER to determine weight loss of KLINGER gaskets.

This reaction causes the weight loss, which is plotted by the balance

The temperature (670°C) in the furnace chamber leads to the decomposition respecti-vely oxidation of the graphite materialC + O2 CO2

control describred above, is very important.Do not use a graphite gasket material if thesupplier is reluctant to document the weight loss test values according to DIN 28090-2.For many years, the lack of focus on quality has paved the road for many manufacturers distributing graphite sheet materials of questionable quality. Hence lacking the very important heat resistance properties. The result was a lot of highly critical insidents particular in the oil and gas industry, where graphite is being used on a large scale. For this reason major players in this industry have issued their own amendments/supplements to the standards, with great focus on weight loss properties.

25

KLINGER DATA SHEET VS. COMPETITOR DATA SHEET

Density graphite DIN 28090-2 g/cm³ 1.0 ±5% 1.0 ±5% 1.0 ±5% 1-1,1% NA*

Dimensioner og tekniske data

Densitet / DIN 28090-2: 1,5 g/m³

Ash content graphite DIN 51903 % ≤0.2 ≤1 ≤2 ≤2 NA*

Dimension: 1.500 x 1.500 mm

Kompressibilitet / ASTM F36J: 35%

Chloride graphite DIN 28090-2 ppm ≤20 ≤40 ≤50 ≤40 NA*

Tykkelse: 1,0-3,0 mm

Tilbagefjedring / ASTM F36J: 17%

Sulfur graphite ppm ≤600 ≤750 ≤1000 ≤500 NA*

Materiale: Grafit, 316L perforeret

Trykstabilitet / DIN 52913: 16h, 50MPa, 300°C, 49MPa

Maximum continues operating temperature °C ≤450 ≤450 ≤400 ≤550 ≤500

Weight loss due to oxidation (670 °C, 4 h) DIN 28090-2 %/h ≤4 ≤4 ≤12 ≤3 NA**

Temperatur: -200°C - 500°C / iltfrit miljø op til 700°C

Lækage / DIN 3535/6: 0,05 mg/(s.m)

Godkendelser: BAM (Oxygen), DIN-DVGW DIN 3535-6, DVGW VP 401, DVGW KTW, Germanischer Lloyd, API 607

NORM PSM...A PSM...B PSM...C XSM...B

NOTE!Competitor data sheet. See below

200pi bar

°C100-200 450

125

80

0

c

b

a

The pressure/temperature graphs shown are the most current method of determining the general suitability of a gasket material in a known environment. Use the pressure and temperature graphs to select the most suitable material for your application. Caution: The pt diagram only offers a general indication Additional factors such as thermal cycles may influence suitability. These graphs were developed from testing KLINGER materials. Do not use them for competitors’ materials.a. In area one, the gasket material is normally suitable subject to chemical compatibility.b. In area two, the gasket materials may be suitable but a technical evaluation is recommended.c. In area three, do not install the gasket without a technical evaluation.

Material thickness 2 mm

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Graphite oxidation = weightlossSpiral Wound Gasket.

On opposite page you see part of a general data sheet from KLINGER covering four grades of graphite sheet materials. The competitor data sheet just below describes a graphite sheet material being marketed by a trading company, as being better than KLINGER PSM-B.Using graphite at temperatures above 450°C is not recommended by KLINGER, unless special inhibitors are added to the graphite, like in the KLINGER XSM grade. The KLINGER PSM-B is limited to 450°C. Competitor technical data specify temperature resistance up to 500°C. When testing the temperature resistance of graphite the DIN 28090-2 standard comes into play. A TGA test reveals the weight loss when exposed to 670°C. The KLINGER PSM-B grade

Temperature up to 550°C is possible - only with inhibitor treated graphite

has a weight loss of maksimum 4%/h. Our test of the competitor grade showed a staggering 58%/h weight loss. This has later been confirmed in a live service situation where all graphite vanished after just 40 hours in service at 480°C.

Competitor: new gasket After 40 hours

NOTE!* No info on competitor datasheet, see above. ** Test performed by KLINGER shows 58% weight loss after 1 h. Yet they claim temperature resistance up to 500°C.

Who do you trust?

Apparently the value for finished product, not the graphite as in the case of KLINGER!

Summary: Watch out for cheap copies of spiral wounded gaskets.

Spiral wounded gaskets (SPWG) are used in high temperature and high pressure applications.

The same concerns are valid for SPWG as for graphite gaskets.

KLINGER’s manufacturing facilities are all located in Europe and the production is automized to secure a constant quality of the windings.

This is not the case from many competitors manufacturing in e.g. China.

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Three major problems with competitor design havebeen identified.

1) Windings

2) Design

3) Tolerances Not corresponding with ASME B-16.20

Check country of origin and ask for European made gaskets! For details read the following chapter.

Report No: T197Date: 24/06/2011Author: M. S. Williams

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Klinger Ltd Technical Report T197 - Testing & Examination of spiral wound gaskets.docx Page 3 of 4

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DesignThe gasket is designed to act as a spring (recovery) to cope with changing operating conditions, as well as start / stop. It is a requirement specified acc. ASME B 16.20 and BS 3381 (compression and recovery test).

GraphiteKLINGER uses graphite with a purity of 98% (Nuclear quality: 99.9% purity).

Extensive testing shows that the purity of SPWG produced in China is around 95%. Hence you shall always check country of origin.

Using KLINGER quality SPWG minimizes oxidation and avoids breakage of graphite windings due to brittleness.

KLINGER SPWG ensures long lifetime, withstands higher continuous temperature and prevents leakage due to changing operating conditions.

AReport No: T196 Date: 21/06/2011 Author: M. S. Williams

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Klinger Ltd Technical Report T196 - Examination of spiral wound gaskets.docx Page 1 of 8

Internal Report: Examination of Spiral Wound Gaskets

For distribution within Klinger only

Eight spiral wound gaskets were sourced from a number of suppliers into the European market by Klinger B.V. and sent to Klinger Ltd. for examination and appraisal. It is understood that all gaskets were sourced from manufacturers in China. Previously we have seen problems with spiral wound gaskets from China due to the thickness of the guide rings which commonly have a thickness of only 2.8mm; outside the ASME B‐16.20 standard. This report discusses the findings relating to the quality and acceptability of the samples received.

Dimensional Inspection

Gasket ASME B‐16.20Standard Lamons James

Walker Hertel Eriks

Size/Class 2"‐150 2"‐150 2"‐150 2"‐150 2"‐150

Average Dimensions(# x # x # x #)(mm)

104.9‐105.7 104.8 104.7 104.7 105.285.1‐86.7 84.7 85.8 84.6 85.669.5‐70.3 68.9 68.5 69.6 69.954.8‐56.4 55.7 55.4 55.8 55.8

Average Thickness (mm)

Outer ring 2.97‐3.33 3.18 3.18 3.42 3.24Winding strip 4.32‐4.58 4.56 3.84 4.63 4.63Inner ring 2.97‐3.33 3.02 2.91 3.06 2.90

Gasket ASME B‐16.20 Standard

Competitor1

Size/Class 6"‐150 6"‐150 6"‐150 6"‐150 6"‐150

Average Dimensions (# x # x # x #)(mm)

221.5‐223.1 221.6 221.6 221.0 221.3 208.8‐210.4 207.8 208.9 208.6 208.3 182.2‐183.0 182.0 181.6 182.0 181.1 157.2‐158.7 157.1 157.0 156.9 157.0

Average Thickness (mm)

Outer ring 2.97‐3.33 3.23 3.10 3.41 3.14 Winding strip 4.32‐4.58 4.57 3.60 4.40 4.63 Inner ring 2.97‐3.33 3.00 3.13 3.01 3.09

Values highlighted in red are outside the requirements of ASME B‐16.20

Competitor2

Competitor3

Competitor4

LeftTypical V-Profile from a Chinese sample.

Right V-Profile of a KLINGER Maxiflex spiral wound gasket.

Values highlighted in red are competitor values ranging outside the requirements of ASME B-16.20KLINGER SPWG meets the demands of the standard tests.

Report No: T197Date: 24/06/2011Author: M. S. Williams

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Klinger Ltd Technical Report T197 - Testing & Examination of spiral wound gaskets.docx Page 3 of 4

Tolerances

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WindingsIn KLINGER we have automated production, which ensures uniform windings and thereby eliminates unnecessary stress on the gasket.

WATCH OUT FOR CHEAP COPIES OF SPIRAL WOUNDED GASKETS

SPWG are used in critical applications (high temperature & pressure) where consequenses of a leak can be fatal. Extensive testing of competitor SPWG reveals big difference in quality and design.

Windings, design, tolerances and graphite quality are critical for a SPWG.KLINGER value full control of the supply chain and we have four production facilities in Europe producing SPWG. In England, Germany, Holland and Czech Republic respectively.

Competitor SPWG. Typical example of a SPWG of poor quality. Poor sealing equals high risk of oxidation.

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Wide product range!

+20 different fiber-based gasket materials.

One supplier for all your tasks.

You get fewer suppliers without compromising the good solution.

Our complete gasket portfolio is extensive. Check our webpage www.klinger.dk for these materials:

• Rubber• KGS Gaskets• Polyurethane• PTFE• Fiber• Graphite• Ceramic• Glass• Milam• Semi-Metal/Metal• Packings• Mouldings• Wool Felts• Cork & Oil Packing Paper

WE HAVE ALL THE GASKETS YOU NEED

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WE CONTROL THE ENTIRE SUPPLY CHAIN

We ensure our supply chain! KLINGER is responsible for the entire production, from the mixture of raw materials to cutting/producing the finished gasket.

Our gaskets are of a proven uniform quality, improving security of supply and ensuring competitive production.

Accordingly you minimize unwanted shutdown caused by gasket failure, minimizes supply problems and ensures a competitive price.

Local production close to you!

We are flexible as we cut/produce and deliver a gasket immediately - on your request.

This ensures shortest possible shutdown!

KontrolBatch kontrol

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KLINGER is the leading manufacturer of static sealing because:

we do not compromise the quality of our gaskets.

we aspire accuracy in our documentation.

we compare apples with apples - many competitors don’t!

hence we set the standards!

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Today for TomorrowKLINGER Denmark was founded in 1848 and today we supply valves, instruments, gaskets and seals to a wide range of applications.We provide our customers with know-how and experience from our technical experts - 24 hours a day - 365 days a year. Additionally we have teams dedicated to support our customers within a wide range of industries.More information on www.klinger.dk

Trusted WorldwideKLINGER is an established top leader for Gaskets, Seals, Valves and Instruments. The family business founded in 1886 today presents itself as a globally active group of companies. More information on www.klinger-international.com

KLINGER Denmark A/SNyager 12-14

DK-2605 BrøndbyT +45 4364 6611

www.klinger.dk

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