IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was...

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD SITE (alicia OLD WILMINGTON ROAD GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION) WEST CALN TOWNSHIP, CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA EPA FACILITY ID: PAD981938939 DECEMBER 13, 2000 S. DEPARTl\IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES , ,t ·: .. \J I SEH.\ICE < \ l :\1\. C:.t..ibSttl11< CS t.lild [)1...,._. tSC _hll'Y

Transcript of IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was...

Page 1: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD SITE (alicia OLD WILMINGTON ROAD GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION)

WEST CALN TOWNSHIP CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA EPA FACILITY ID PAD981938939

DECEMBER 13 2000

S DEPARTlIENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES t middot J I SEHICE

lt bull l 1 CtibSttl11lt CS tlild [)1_ tSC h~ _hllY

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Old Wilmington Road Site Final Release

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSNIENT

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD SITE (alka OLD WILMINGTON ROAD GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION)

WEST CALN TOWNSHIP CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA

EPA FACILITY ID P AD981938939

Prepared by

The Pennsylvania Department of Health Under Cooperative Agreement with the

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

THE A TSDR PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT A NOTE OF EXPLANATION

This Public Health Assessment was prepared by A TSDR pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) section 104 (i)(6) (42 USC 9604 (i)(6)) and in accordance with our implementing regulations (42 CFR Part 90) In preparing this document ATSDR has collected relevant health data environmental data and community health concerns from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) state and local health and environmental agencies the community and potentially responsible parties where appropriate

In addition this document has previously been provided to EPA and the affected states in an initial release as required by CERCLA section I 04 (i)(6)(H) for their information and review The revised document was released for a 30-day public comment period Subsequent to the public comment period A TSDR addressed all public comments and revised or appended the document as appropriate The public health assessment has now been reissued This concludes the public health assessment process for this site unless additional information is obtained by A TSDR which in the agencys opinion indicates a need to revise or append the conclusions previously issued

Agency for Toxic Substances amp Disease Registry Jeffrey P Koplan MD MPH Administrator Henry Falk MD MPH Assistant Administrator

Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Robert C Williams PE DEE Director Sharon Williams-Fleetwood PhD Deputy Director

Community Involvement Branch Geanano E Pereira MPA Chief

Exposure Investigations and Consultation Branch John E Abraham PhD Chief

Federal Facilities Assessment Branch Sandra G Isaacs Chief

Program Evaluation Records and Information Max M Howie Jr MS Chief

Superfund Site Assessment Branch Acting Branch Chief

Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the Public Health Service or the US Department of Health and Human Services

Additional copies of this report are available from National Technical Information Service Springfield Virginia

(703) 605-6000

You May Contact A TSDR TOLL FREE at 1-888-42A TSDR

or Visit our Home Page at httpatsdr l atsdrcdcgov8080

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FOREWORD

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry A TSDR was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act also known as the Superfund law This law set up a fund to identify and clean up our countrys hazardous waste sites The Environmental Protection Agency EPA and the individual states regulate the investigation and clean up of the sites

Since 1986 A TSDR bas been required by law to conduct a public health assessment at each of the sites on the EPA National Priorities List The aim ofthese evaluations is to find out if people are being exposed to hazardous substances and if so whether that exposure is harmful and should be stopped or reduced If appropriate ATSDR also conducts public health assessments when petitioned by concerned individuals Public health assessments are carried out by environmental and health scientists from ATSDR and from the states with which ATSDR has cooperative agreements The public health assessment program allows the scientists flexibility in the format or structure of their response to the public health issues at hazardous waste sites For example a public health assessment could be one document or it could be a compilation of several health consultations the structure may vary from site to site Nevertheless the public health assessment process is not considered complete until the public health issues at the site are addressed

Exposure As the first step in the evaluation A TSDR scientists review environmental data to see how much contamination is at a site where it is and how people might come into contact with it Generally A TSDR does not collect its own environmental sampling data but reviews information provided by EPA other government agencies businesses and the public When there is not enough environmental information available the report will indicate what further sampling data is needed

Health Effects If the review of the environmental data shows that people have or could come into contact with hazardous substances ATSDR scientists evaluate whether or not these contacts may result in hannful effects ATSDR recognizes that children because of their play activities and their growing bodies may be more vulnerable to these effects As a policy unless data are available to suggest otherwise A TSDR considers children to be more sensitive and vulnerable to hazardous substances Thus the health impact to the children is considered frrst when evaluating the health threat to a community The health impacts to other high risk groups within the community (such as the elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) also receive special attention during the evaluation

A TSDR uses existing scientific information which can include the results of medical toxicologic and epidemiologic studies and the data collected in disease registries to determine the health effects that may result from exposures The science of environmental health is still developing and sometimes scientific information on the health effects of certain substances is not available When this is so the report will suggest what further public health actions are needed

Conclusions The report presents conclusions about the public health threat if any posed by a site When health threats have been determined for high risk groups (such as children elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) they will be summarized in the conclusion section of the report Ways to stop or reduce exposure will then be recommended in the public health action plan

A TSDR is primarily an advisory agency so usually these reports identify what actions are appropriate to be undertaken by EPA other responsible parties or the research or education divisions of A TSDR However if there is an urgent health threat A TSDR can issue a public health advisory warning people of the danger A TSDR can also authorize health education or pilot studies of health effects fullscale epidemiology studies disease registries surveillance studies or research on specific hazardous substances

Community ATSDR also needs to learn what people in the area know about the site and what concerns they may have about its impact on their health Consequently throughout the evaluation process A TSDR actively gathers information and comments from the people who live or work near a site including residents of the area civic leaders health professionals and community groups To ensure that the report responds to the communitys health concerns an early version is also distributed to the public for their comments All the comments received from the public are responded to in the final version of the report

Comments If after reading this report you have questions or comments we encourage you to send them to us

Letters should be addressed as follows

Attention Chief Program Evaluation Records and Information Services Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1600 Clifton Road (E56) Atlanta GA 30333

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A S~RY bullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull 1

B PURPOSE AND IlEAL TH ISSUES bull bullbull bull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull 1

C BACKGROUND bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1

D DISCUSSION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Toxicological Evaluation bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Health Outcome Data Evaluation bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull Child Health Initiative bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

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s 11 11

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

F CONCLUSIONS 12

G RECO~A TIONS bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 13

PREPARERS OF REPORT bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull 13

REFEREN CES bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 14

CERTWICATION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 15

FIGURES 1 thn1 15 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull 16

T ABLES 1 thru 4 bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 32

GLOSSARY bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36

OLD WU MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTII ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

A SUMMARY

The Old Wilmington Road Site is a public health hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated sol vents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well Based upon existing data groundwater is the only medium through which site contaminants are reaching area residents

The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a Health Consultation for the site (then Perry Phillips Landfill) in June 1999 That document concluded that the site was a public health hazard and recommended more groundwater sampling installation of additional home filters and public health education to residents along Ash Road

B PURPOSE AND HEALTH ISSUES

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Old Wilmington Road site (OWR) for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) of hazardous waste sites on July 22 1999 The site was listed on February 4 2000 Federal law mandates that sites proposed to the NPL receive a public health assessment within one year of proposed listing Accordingly the DOH and the ATSDR have evaluated the site for adverse health effects posed by hazardous chemicals in and near a closed landfill and other suspected disposal areas After three visits and interviews with local citizens no one has expressed any community health concerns about the site This is probably because the EPA has already furnished carbon filtration units to six homes and kept the citizenry informed of site conditions and future sampling plans

C BACKGROUND

Demographics

The Old Wilmington Road site (the site) is on Old Wilmington Road one mile north of US Route 30 in Sadsburyville Chester County Pennsylvania (Figures 1 and 2) The site is unfenced and the area around the site is a mix of farmland and rural residential subdivisions Bordering the site to the north is a residential development of newer homes (1990s) and to the south are open fields pasture land and more residences (Figure 3) Based upon 1990 census data about 300 people live within a one-half mile radius of the site There are no schools nursing homes or other public institutions within this geographic area

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Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

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(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

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groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

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Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

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Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

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11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

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For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

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and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

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that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

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II I I I I L_j

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Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

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i

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LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

IAUCII

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8

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bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

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I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

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- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

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CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

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------ 0

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-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

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-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

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FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

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800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

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TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

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COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

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0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

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800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

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0

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MW-f

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400

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S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

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Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 2: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

----------~- - --=---

Old Wilmington Road Site Final Release

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSNIENT

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD SITE (alka OLD WILMINGTON ROAD GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION)

WEST CALN TOWNSHIP CHESTER COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA

EPA FACILITY ID P AD981938939

Prepared by

The Pennsylvania Department of Health Under Cooperative Agreement with the

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

THE A TSDR PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT A NOTE OF EXPLANATION

This Public Health Assessment was prepared by A TSDR pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) section 104 (i)(6) (42 USC 9604 (i)(6)) and in accordance with our implementing regulations (42 CFR Part 90) In preparing this document ATSDR has collected relevant health data environmental data and community health concerns from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) state and local health and environmental agencies the community and potentially responsible parties where appropriate

In addition this document has previously been provided to EPA and the affected states in an initial release as required by CERCLA section I 04 (i)(6)(H) for their information and review The revised document was released for a 30-day public comment period Subsequent to the public comment period A TSDR addressed all public comments and revised or appended the document as appropriate The public health assessment has now been reissued This concludes the public health assessment process for this site unless additional information is obtained by A TSDR which in the agencys opinion indicates a need to revise or append the conclusions previously issued

Agency for Toxic Substances amp Disease Registry Jeffrey P Koplan MD MPH Administrator Henry Falk MD MPH Assistant Administrator

Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Robert C Williams PE DEE Director Sharon Williams-Fleetwood PhD Deputy Director

Community Involvement Branch Geanano E Pereira MPA Chief

Exposure Investigations and Consultation Branch John E Abraham PhD Chief

Federal Facilities Assessment Branch Sandra G Isaacs Chief

Program Evaluation Records and Information Max M Howie Jr MS Chief

Superfund Site Assessment Branch Acting Branch Chief

Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the Public Health Service or the US Department of Health and Human Services

Additional copies of this report are available from National Technical Information Service Springfield Virginia

(703) 605-6000

You May Contact A TSDR TOLL FREE at 1-888-42A TSDR

or Visit our Home Page at httpatsdr l atsdrcdcgov8080

-

FOREWORD

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry A TSDR was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act also known as the Superfund law This law set up a fund to identify and clean up our countrys hazardous waste sites The Environmental Protection Agency EPA and the individual states regulate the investigation and clean up of the sites

Since 1986 A TSDR bas been required by law to conduct a public health assessment at each of the sites on the EPA National Priorities List The aim ofthese evaluations is to find out if people are being exposed to hazardous substances and if so whether that exposure is harmful and should be stopped or reduced If appropriate ATSDR also conducts public health assessments when petitioned by concerned individuals Public health assessments are carried out by environmental and health scientists from ATSDR and from the states with which ATSDR has cooperative agreements The public health assessment program allows the scientists flexibility in the format or structure of their response to the public health issues at hazardous waste sites For example a public health assessment could be one document or it could be a compilation of several health consultations the structure may vary from site to site Nevertheless the public health assessment process is not considered complete until the public health issues at the site are addressed

Exposure As the first step in the evaluation A TSDR scientists review environmental data to see how much contamination is at a site where it is and how people might come into contact with it Generally A TSDR does not collect its own environmental sampling data but reviews information provided by EPA other government agencies businesses and the public When there is not enough environmental information available the report will indicate what further sampling data is needed

Health Effects If the review of the environmental data shows that people have or could come into contact with hazardous substances ATSDR scientists evaluate whether or not these contacts may result in hannful effects ATSDR recognizes that children because of their play activities and their growing bodies may be more vulnerable to these effects As a policy unless data are available to suggest otherwise A TSDR considers children to be more sensitive and vulnerable to hazardous substances Thus the health impact to the children is considered frrst when evaluating the health threat to a community The health impacts to other high risk groups within the community (such as the elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) also receive special attention during the evaluation

A TSDR uses existing scientific information which can include the results of medical toxicologic and epidemiologic studies and the data collected in disease registries to determine the health effects that may result from exposures The science of environmental health is still developing and sometimes scientific information on the health effects of certain substances is not available When this is so the report will suggest what further public health actions are needed

Conclusions The report presents conclusions about the public health threat if any posed by a site When health threats have been determined for high risk groups (such as children elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) they will be summarized in the conclusion section of the report Ways to stop or reduce exposure will then be recommended in the public health action plan

A TSDR is primarily an advisory agency so usually these reports identify what actions are appropriate to be undertaken by EPA other responsible parties or the research or education divisions of A TSDR However if there is an urgent health threat A TSDR can issue a public health advisory warning people of the danger A TSDR can also authorize health education or pilot studies of health effects fullscale epidemiology studies disease registries surveillance studies or research on specific hazardous substances

Community ATSDR also needs to learn what people in the area know about the site and what concerns they may have about its impact on their health Consequently throughout the evaluation process A TSDR actively gathers information and comments from the people who live or work near a site including residents of the area civic leaders health professionals and community groups To ensure that the report responds to the communitys health concerns an early version is also distributed to the public for their comments All the comments received from the public are responded to in the final version of the report

Comments If after reading this report you have questions or comments we encourage you to send them to us

Letters should be addressed as follows

Attention Chief Program Evaluation Records and Information Services Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1600 Clifton Road (E56) Atlanta GA 30333

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A S~RY bullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull 1

B PURPOSE AND IlEAL TH ISSUES bull bullbull bull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull 1

C BACKGROUND bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1

D DISCUSSION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Toxicological Evaluation bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Health Outcome Data Evaluation bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull Child Health Initiative bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

4

s 11 11

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

F CONCLUSIONS 12

G RECO~A TIONS bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 13

PREPARERS OF REPORT bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull 13

REFEREN CES bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 14

CERTWICATION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 15

FIGURES 1 thn1 15 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull 16

T ABLES 1 thru 4 bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 32

GLOSSARY bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36

OLD WU MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTII ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

A SUMMARY

The Old Wilmington Road Site is a public health hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated sol vents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well Based upon existing data groundwater is the only medium through which site contaminants are reaching area residents

The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a Health Consultation for the site (then Perry Phillips Landfill) in June 1999 That document concluded that the site was a public health hazard and recommended more groundwater sampling installation of additional home filters and public health education to residents along Ash Road

B PURPOSE AND HEALTH ISSUES

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Old Wilmington Road site (OWR) for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) of hazardous waste sites on July 22 1999 The site was listed on February 4 2000 Federal law mandates that sites proposed to the NPL receive a public health assessment within one year of proposed listing Accordingly the DOH and the ATSDR have evaluated the site for adverse health effects posed by hazardous chemicals in and near a closed landfill and other suspected disposal areas After three visits and interviews with local citizens no one has expressed any community health concerns about the site This is probably because the EPA has already furnished carbon filtration units to six homes and kept the citizenry informed of site conditions and future sampling plans

C BACKGROUND

Demographics

The Old Wilmington Road site (the site) is on Old Wilmington Road one mile north of US Route 30 in Sadsburyville Chester County Pennsylvania (Figures 1 and 2) The site is unfenced and the area around the site is a mix of farmland and rural residential subdivisions Bordering the site to the north is a residential development of newer homes (1990s) and to the south are open fields pasture land and more residences (Figure 3) Based upon 1990 census data about 300 people live within a one-half mile radius of the site There are no schools nursing homes or other public institutions within this geographic area

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

2

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

3

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

4

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

5

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

6

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

-- ------~---------------

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

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Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

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SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 3: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

THE A TSDR PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT A NOTE OF EXPLANATION

This Public Health Assessment was prepared by A TSDR pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) section 104 (i)(6) (42 USC 9604 (i)(6)) and in accordance with our implementing regulations (42 CFR Part 90) In preparing this document ATSDR has collected relevant health data environmental data and community health concerns from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) state and local health and environmental agencies the community and potentially responsible parties where appropriate

In addition this document has previously been provided to EPA and the affected states in an initial release as required by CERCLA section I 04 (i)(6)(H) for their information and review The revised document was released for a 30-day public comment period Subsequent to the public comment period A TSDR addressed all public comments and revised or appended the document as appropriate The public health assessment has now been reissued This concludes the public health assessment process for this site unless additional information is obtained by A TSDR which in the agencys opinion indicates a need to revise or append the conclusions previously issued

Agency for Toxic Substances amp Disease Registry Jeffrey P Koplan MD MPH Administrator Henry Falk MD MPH Assistant Administrator

Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Robert C Williams PE DEE Director Sharon Williams-Fleetwood PhD Deputy Director

Community Involvement Branch Geanano E Pereira MPA Chief

Exposure Investigations and Consultation Branch John E Abraham PhD Chief

Federal Facilities Assessment Branch Sandra G Isaacs Chief

Program Evaluation Records and Information Max M Howie Jr MS Chief

Superfund Site Assessment Branch Acting Branch Chief

Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the Public Health Service or the US Department of Health and Human Services

Additional copies of this report are available from National Technical Information Service Springfield Virginia

(703) 605-6000

You May Contact A TSDR TOLL FREE at 1-888-42A TSDR

or Visit our Home Page at httpatsdr l atsdrcdcgov8080

-

FOREWORD

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry A TSDR was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act also known as the Superfund law This law set up a fund to identify and clean up our countrys hazardous waste sites The Environmental Protection Agency EPA and the individual states regulate the investigation and clean up of the sites

Since 1986 A TSDR bas been required by law to conduct a public health assessment at each of the sites on the EPA National Priorities List The aim ofthese evaluations is to find out if people are being exposed to hazardous substances and if so whether that exposure is harmful and should be stopped or reduced If appropriate ATSDR also conducts public health assessments when petitioned by concerned individuals Public health assessments are carried out by environmental and health scientists from ATSDR and from the states with which ATSDR has cooperative agreements The public health assessment program allows the scientists flexibility in the format or structure of their response to the public health issues at hazardous waste sites For example a public health assessment could be one document or it could be a compilation of several health consultations the structure may vary from site to site Nevertheless the public health assessment process is not considered complete until the public health issues at the site are addressed

Exposure As the first step in the evaluation A TSDR scientists review environmental data to see how much contamination is at a site where it is and how people might come into contact with it Generally A TSDR does not collect its own environmental sampling data but reviews information provided by EPA other government agencies businesses and the public When there is not enough environmental information available the report will indicate what further sampling data is needed

Health Effects If the review of the environmental data shows that people have or could come into contact with hazardous substances ATSDR scientists evaluate whether or not these contacts may result in hannful effects ATSDR recognizes that children because of their play activities and their growing bodies may be more vulnerable to these effects As a policy unless data are available to suggest otherwise A TSDR considers children to be more sensitive and vulnerable to hazardous substances Thus the health impact to the children is considered frrst when evaluating the health threat to a community The health impacts to other high risk groups within the community (such as the elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) also receive special attention during the evaluation

A TSDR uses existing scientific information which can include the results of medical toxicologic and epidemiologic studies and the data collected in disease registries to determine the health effects that may result from exposures The science of environmental health is still developing and sometimes scientific information on the health effects of certain substances is not available When this is so the report will suggest what further public health actions are needed

Conclusions The report presents conclusions about the public health threat if any posed by a site When health threats have been determined for high risk groups (such as children elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) they will be summarized in the conclusion section of the report Ways to stop or reduce exposure will then be recommended in the public health action plan

A TSDR is primarily an advisory agency so usually these reports identify what actions are appropriate to be undertaken by EPA other responsible parties or the research or education divisions of A TSDR However if there is an urgent health threat A TSDR can issue a public health advisory warning people of the danger A TSDR can also authorize health education or pilot studies of health effects fullscale epidemiology studies disease registries surveillance studies or research on specific hazardous substances

Community ATSDR also needs to learn what people in the area know about the site and what concerns they may have about its impact on their health Consequently throughout the evaluation process A TSDR actively gathers information and comments from the people who live or work near a site including residents of the area civic leaders health professionals and community groups To ensure that the report responds to the communitys health concerns an early version is also distributed to the public for their comments All the comments received from the public are responded to in the final version of the report

Comments If after reading this report you have questions or comments we encourage you to send them to us

Letters should be addressed as follows

Attention Chief Program Evaluation Records and Information Services Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1600 Clifton Road (E56) Atlanta GA 30333

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A S~RY bullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull 1

B PURPOSE AND IlEAL TH ISSUES bull bullbull bull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull 1

C BACKGROUND bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1

D DISCUSSION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Toxicological Evaluation bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Health Outcome Data Evaluation bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull Child Health Initiative bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

4

s 11 11

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

F CONCLUSIONS 12

G RECO~A TIONS bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 13

PREPARERS OF REPORT bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull 13

REFEREN CES bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 14

CERTWICATION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 15

FIGURES 1 thn1 15 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull 16

T ABLES 1 thru 4 bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 32

GLOSSARY bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36

OLD WU MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTII ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

A SUMMARY

The Old Wilmington Road Site is a public health hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated sol vents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well Based upon existing data groundwater is the only medium through which site contaminants are reaching area residents

The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a Health Consultation for the site (then Perry Phillips Landfill) in June 1999 That document concluded that the site was a public health hazard and recommended more groundwater sampling installation of additional home filters and public health education to residents along Ash Road

B PURPOSE AND HEALTH ISSUES

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Old Wilmington Road site (OWR) for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) of hazardous waste sites on July 22 1999 The site was listed on February 4 2000 Federal law mandates that sites proposed to the NPL receive a public health assessment within one year of proposed listing Accordingly the DOH and the ATSDR have evaluated the site for adverse health effects posed by hazardous chemicals in and near a closed landfill and other suspected disposal areas After three visits and interviews with local citizens no one has expressed any community health concerns about the site This is probably because the EPA has already furnished carbon filtration units to six homes and kept the citizenry informed of site conditions and future sampling plans

C BACKGROUND

Demographics

The Old Wilmington Road site (the site) is on Old Wilmington Road one mile north of US Route 30 in Sadsburyville Chester County Pennsylvania (Figures 1 and 2) The site is unfenced and the area around the site is a mix of farmland and rural residential subdivisions Bordering the site to the north is a residential development of newer homes (1990s) and to the south are open fields pasture land and more residences (Figure 3) Based upon 1990 census data about 300 people live within a one-half mile radius of the site There are no schools nursing homes or other public institutions within this geographic area

1

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

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(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

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groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

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Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

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Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

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11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

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For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

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and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

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that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

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Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

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Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

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3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

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OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

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CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

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OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

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bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

IIHIIU IDCAIIOII ampIll

TCE CotiTAMINATION 31996 COAItSVIIIE PA

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

utcm iril- - r---Ill ecubull

I

middot 0

I

I --~~middot~ -0

gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

rM~S iiW~~~~---middot1---t-t-----1 w~ -middot-middot - - - NKtnv awo ~

t_

I

TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 4: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

-

FOREWORD

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry A TSDR was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act also known as the Superfund law This law set up a fund to identify and clean up our countrys hazardous waste sites The Environmental Protection Agency EPA and the individual states regulate the investigation and clean up of the sites

Since 1986 A TSDR bas been required by law to conduct a public health assessment at each of the sites on the EPA National Priorities List The aim ofthese evaluations is to find out if people are being exposed to hazardous substances and if so whether that exposure is harmful and should be stopped or reduced If appropriate ATSDR also conducts public health assessments when petitioned by concerned individuals Public health assessments are carried out by environmental and health scientists from ATSDR and from the states with which ATSDR has cooperative agreements The public health assessment program allows the scientists flexibility in the format or structure of their response to the public health issues at hazardous waste sites For example a public health assessment could be one document or it could be a compilation of several health consultations the structure may vary from site to site Nevertheless the public health assessment process is not considered complete until the public health issues at the site are addressed

Exposure As the first step in the evaluation A TSDR scientists review environmental data to see how much contamination is at a site where it is and how people might come into contact with it Generally A TSDR does not collect its own environmental sampling data but reviews information provided by EPA other government agencies businesses and the public When there is not enough environmental information available the report will indicate what further sampling data is needed

Health Effects If the review of the environmental data shows that people have or could come into contact with hazardous substances ATSDR scientists evaluate whether or not these contacts may result in hannful effects ATSDR recognizes that children because of their play activities and their growing bodies may be more vulnerable to these effects As a policy unless data are available to suggest otherwise A TSDR considers children to be more sensitive and vulnerable to hazardous substances Thus the health impact to the children is considered frrst when evaluating the health threat to a community The health impacts to other high risk groups within the community (such as the elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) also receive special attention during the evaluation

A TSDR uses existing scientific information which can include the results of medical toxicologic and epidemiologic studies and the data collected in disease registries to determine the health effects that may result from exposures The science of environmental health is still developing and sometimes scientific information on the health effects of certain substances is not available When this is so the report will suggest what further public health actions are needed

Conclusions The report presents conclusions about the public health threat if any posed by a site When health threats have been determined for high risk groups (such as children elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) they will be summarized in the conclusion section of the report Ways to stop or reduce exposure will then be recommended in the public health action plan

A TSDR is primarily an advisory agency so usually these reports identify what actions are appropriate to be undertaken by EPA other responsible parties or the research or education divisions of A TSDR However if there is an urgent health threat A TSDR can issue a public health advisory warning people of the danger A TSDR can also authorize health education or pilot studies of health effects fullscale epidemiology studies disease registries surveillance studies or research on specific hazardous substances

Community ATSDR also needs to learn what people in the area know about the site and what concerns they may have about its impact on their health Consequently throughout the evaluation process A TSDR actively gathers information and comments from the people who live or work near a site including residents of the area civic leaders health professionals and community groups To ensure that the report responds to the communitys health concerns an early version is also distributed to the public for their comments All the comments received from the public are responded to in the final version of the report

Comments If after reading this report you have questions or comments we encourage you to send them to us

Letters should be addressed as follows

Attention Chief Program Evaluation Records and Information Services Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1600 Clifton Road (E56) Atlanta GA 30333

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A S~RY bullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull 1

B PURPOSE AND IlEAL TH ISSUES bull bullbull bull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull 1

C BACKGROUND bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1

D DISCUSSION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Toxicological Evaluation bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Health Outcome Data Evaluation bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull Child Health Initiative bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

4

s 11 11

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

F CONCLUSIONS 12

G RECO~A TIONS bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 13

PREPARERS OF REPORT bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull 13

REFEREN CES bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 14

CERTWICATION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 15

FIGURES 1 thn1 15 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull 16

T ABLES 1 thru 4 bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 32

GLOSSARY bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36

OLD WU MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTII ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

A SUMMARY

The Old Wilmington Road Site is a public health hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated sol vents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well Based upon existing data groundwater is the only medium through which site contaminants are reaching area residents

The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a Health Consultation for the site (then Perry Phillips Landfill) in June 1999 That document concluded that the site was a public health hazard and recommended more groundwater sampling installation of additional home filters and public health education to residents along Ash Road

B PURPOSE AND HEALTH ISSUES

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Old Wilmington Road site (OWR) for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) of hazardous waste sites on July 22 1999 The site was listed on February 4 2000 Federal law mandates that sites proposed to the NPL receive a public health assessment within one year of proposed listing Accordingly the DOH and the ATSDR have evaluated the site for adverse health effects posed by hazardous chemicals in and near a closed landfill and other suspected disposal areas After three visits and interviews with local citizens no one has expressed any community health concerns about the site This is probably because the EPA has already furnished carbon filtration units to six homes and kept the citizenry informed of site conditions and future sampling plans

C BACKGROUND

Demographics

The Old Wilmington Road site (the site) is on Old Wilmington Road one mile north of US Route 30 in Sadsburyville Chester County Pennsylvania (Figures 1 and 2) The site is unfenced and the area around the site is a mix of farmland and rural residential subdivisions Bordering the site to the north is a residential development of newer homes (1990s) and to the south are open fields pasture land and more residences (Figure 3) Based upon 1990 census data about 300 people live within a one-half mile radius of the site There are no schools nursing homes or other public institutions within this geographic area

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Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

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(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

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groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

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Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

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Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

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11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

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For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

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and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

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that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

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Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

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Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

OlD IIMtS)_ middot -

(

OlD VEHIClES

II I I I I L_j

r---1 OlO VEHIClES I L ___ j

f IRASH j ~ bull I middot- middot

-l(4CHAif --1

l

Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

--~~u middot

I

llRAI AII(A

I

i

(

1 t--Ulll

I I I I I I I I I I I I v

cellS ROAD

I I I I I I I _OlD fiRE S I I I I

1 I I I I I 1 I ~ OlO VEHIClES I I A )

v

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bull F bull I

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bullbull middot L fRAILER t

r1

I r bull I I

I OlO IIRES__J

I I bull I I

S- 1S- 1d I I I I

I 1--0LO VEHICttS LJ

OlO VEntCltS---__ _j

LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

IAUCII

MOBIL( HOME ~ WASt( fllllfiS ~

c~ IAEMOYlOI middot)

~ I J

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D- StCONOAAY AEamptOlHCl

8

-- (tMOtlltO~

IIIASTI I ~ _ S(Mt

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bull 0 0

Q

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PEHHSYlVAHIA

bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

IIHIIU IDCAIIOII ampIll

TCE CotiTAMINATION 31996 COAItSVIIIE PA

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

utcm iril- - r---Ill ecubull

I

middot 0

I

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Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

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t_

I

TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

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Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

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Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

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Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

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Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

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Page 5: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Conclusions The report presents conclusions about the public health threat if any posed by a site When health threats have been determined for high risk groups (such as children elderly chronically ill and people engaging in high risk practices) they will be summarized in the conclusion section of the report Ways to stop or reduce exposure will then be recommended in the public health action plan

A TSDR is primarily an advisory agency so usually these reports identify what actions are appropriate to be undertaken by EPA other responsible parties or the research or education divisions of A TSDR However if there is an urgent health threat A TSDR can issue a public health advisory warning people of the danger A TSDR can also authorize health education or pilot studies of health effects fullscale epidemiology studies disease registries surveillance studies or research on specific hazardous substances

Community ATSDR also needs to learn what people in the area know about the site and what concerns they may have about its impact on their health Consequently throughout the evaluation process A TSDR actively gathers information and comments from the people who live or work near a site including residents of the area civic leaders health professionals and community groups To ensure that the report responds to the communitys health concerns an early version is also distributed to the public for their comments All the comments received from the public are responded to in the final version of the report

Comments If after reading this report you have questions or comments we encourage you to send them to us

Letters should be addressed as follows

Attention Chief Program Evaluation Records and Information Services Branch Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1600 Clifton Road (E56) Atlanta GA 30333

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A S~RY bullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull 1

B PURPOSE AND IlEAL TH ISSUES bull bullbull bull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull 1

C BACKGROUND bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1

D DISCUSSION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Toxicological Evaluation bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Health Outcome Data Evaluation bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull Child Health Initiative bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

4

s 11 11

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

F CONCLUSIONS 12

G RECO~A TIONS bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 13

PREPARERS OF REPORT bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull 13

REFEREN CES bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 14

CERTWICATION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 15

FIGURES 1 thn1 15 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull 16

T ABLES 1 thru 4 bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 32

GLOSSARY bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36

OLD WU MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTII ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

A SUMMARY

The Old Wilmington Road Site is a public health hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated sol vents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well Based upon existing data groundwater is the only medium through which site contaminants are reaching area residents

The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a Health Consultation for the site (then Perry Phillips Landfill) in June 1999 That document concluded that the site was a public health hazard and recommended more groundwater sampling installation of additional home filters and public health education to residents along Ash Road

B PURPOSE AND HEALTH ISSUES

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Old Wilmington Road site (OWR) for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) of hazardous waste sites on July 22 1999 The site was listed on February 4 2000 Federal law mandates that sites proposed to the NPL receive a public health assessment within one year of proposed listing Accordingly the DOH and the ATSDR have evaluated the site for adverse health effects posed by hazardous chemicals in and near a closed landfill and other suspected disposal areas After three visits and interviews with local citizens no one has expressed any community health concerns about the site This is probably because the EPA has already furnished carbon filtration units to six homes and kept the citizenry informed of site conditions and future sampling plans

C BACKGROUND

Demographics

The Old Wilmington Road site (the site) is on Old Wilmington Road one mile north of US Route 30 in Sadsburyville Chester County Pennsylvania (Figures 1 and 2) The site is unfenced and the area around the site is a mix of farmland and rural residential subdivisions Bordering the site to the north is a residential development of newer homes (1990s) and to the south are open fields pasture land and more residences (Figure 3) Based upon 1990 census data about 300 people live within a one-half mile radius of the site There are no schools nursing homes or other public institutions within this geographic area

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Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

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(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

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groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

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Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

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Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

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11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

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For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

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and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

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Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

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LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

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HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

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I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

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-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

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- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

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-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

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_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

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CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

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200 600

4W

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LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

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FIGIIKR 10

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COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

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400

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

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Figure 14

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Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

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ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 6: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A S~RY bullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbull 1

B PURPOSE AND IlEAL TH ISSUES bull bullbull bull bull bullbullbullbull bullbull 1

C BACKGROUND bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 1

D DISCUSSION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Toxicological Evaluation bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull Health Outcome Data Evaluation bullbull bull bullbullbullbull bullbullbull bull Child Health Initiative bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

4

s 11 11

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

F CONCLUSIONS 12

G RECO~A TIONS bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 12

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 13

PREPARERS OF REPORT bullbull bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bull bullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbull 13

REFEREN CES bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 14

CERTWICATION bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 15

FIGURES 1 thn1 15 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull 16

T ABLES 1 thru 4 bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull 32

GLOSSARY bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36

OLD WU MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTII ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

A SUMMARY

The Old Wilmington Road Site is a public health hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated sol vents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well Based upon existing data groundwater is the only medium through which site contaminants are reaching area residents

The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a Health Consultation for the site (then Perry Phillips Landfill) in June 1999 That document concluded that the site was a public health hazard and recommended more groundwater sampling installation of additional home filters and public health education to residents along Ash Road

B PURPOSE AND HEALTH ISSUES

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Old Wilmington Road site (OWR) for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) of hazardous waste sites on July 22 1999 The site was listed on February 4 2000 Federal law mandates that sites proposed to the NPL receive a public health assessment within one year of proposed listing Accordingly the DOH and the ATSDR have evaluated the site for adverse health effects posed by hazardous chemicals in and near a closed landfill and other suspected disposal areas After three visits and interviews with local citizens no one has expressed any community health concerns about the site This is probably because the EPA has already furnished carbon filtration units to six homes and kept the citizenry informed of site conditions and future sampling plans

C BACKGROUND

Demographics

The Old Wilmington Road site (the site) is on Old Wilmington Road one mile north of US Route 30 in Sadsburyville Chester County Pennsylvania (Figures 1 and 2) The site is unfenced and the area around the site is a mix of farmland and rural residential subdivisions Bordering the site to the north is a residential development of newer homes (1990s) and to the south are open fields pasture land and more residences (Figure 3) Based upon 1990 census data about 300 people live within a one-half mile radius of the site There are no schools nursing homes or other public institutions within this geographic area

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

2

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

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OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

4

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

5

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

6

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

-- ------~---------------

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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1t

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 7: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WU MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTII ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

A SUMMARY

The Old Wilmington Road Site is a public health hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated sol vents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well Based upon existing data groundwater is the only medium through which site contaminants are reaching area residents

The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepared a Health Consultation for the site (then Perry Phillips Landfill) in June 1999 That document concluded that the site was a public health hazard and recommended more groundwater sampling installation of additional home filters and public health education to residents along Ash Road

B PURPOSE AND HEALTH ISSUES

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Old Wilmington Road site (OWR) for listing on the National Priority List (NPL) of hazardous waste sites on July 22 1999 The site was listed on February 4 2000 Federal law mandates that sites proposed to the NPL receive a public health assessment within one year of proposed listing Accordingly the DOH and the ATSDR have evaluated the site for adverse health effects posed by hazardous chemicals in and near a closed landfill and other suspected disposal areas After three visits and interviews with local citizens no one has expressed any community health concerns about the site This is probably because the EPA has already furnished carbon filtration units to six homes and kept the citizenry informed of site conditions and future sampling plans

C BACKGROUND

Demographics

The Old Wilmington Road site (the site) is on Old Wilmington Road one mile north of US Route 30 in Sadsburyville Chester County Pennsylvania (Figures 1 and 2) The site is unfenced and the area around the site is a mix of farmland and rural residential subdivisions Bordering the site to the north is a residential development of newer homes (1990s) and to the south are open fields pasture land and more residences (Figure 3) Based upon 1990 census data about 300 people live within a one-half mile radius of the site There are no schools nursing homes or other public institutions within this geographic area

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

2

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

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OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

4

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

5

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

6

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

-- ------~---------------

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

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Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

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Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

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II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

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ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

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18

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 8: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Site Description and History

The site consists of at least four separate areas~ an unlined unpermitted closed landfill (Area 1) a general disposal area (sewage sludge demolition waSte scrap metal) and junkyard still operated as a business (Area 2) an area of suspected solvent dumping up gradient of the landfill (Area 3) and an area of suspected solvent dumping on the east side of Old Wilmington Road (Area 4) (Figure 4) Under legal and regulatory pressures from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) and the Chester County Health Department (CCHD) Area 1 was closed and capped in 1987 after some 15 years of illegal operation (1) The owner of the site supplies water to a mobile home park he owns (Figure 2) from a contaminated well on his property However the well has been fitted with an approved filtration system that removes harmful chemicals (volatile organic compounds or VOCs) from the water before it is served to customers The owners private well and five others in the area are also treated with carbon filter units (Figure 4) that were first installed in 1994 by the EPA The evidence from private well sampling suggests that groundwater contamination extends no farther than one-half mile down gradient from the site

In 1988 the EPA contractors began site inspections and sampling that included surface water and sediment from a marshy area (Figure 5) soil samples in Areas 1 and middot2 (Figures 5 and 6) and water from six nearby private wells (1 and Figure 7) Samples were analyzed for metals (Target Analyte List) and Target Compound Ust parameters including volatile and semi-volatile compounds pesticides and PCBs according to the EPA protocols Tables 1 to 3 list those parameters the detection limits and the instrumentation used Air quality monitoring was not performed presumably because the landfill is closed and capped

Eleven soil samples (S-1 through S-10 Figures 5 and 6) were collected at points representative of surficial site conditions Samples were composited from auger borings to a maximum depth of 3 feet (1) No hazardous chemicals were detected at levels harmful to site workers or visitors For example VOCs were detected in the low parts per billion range and the maximum lead concentration did not exceed 400 mglkg (parts per million) 100 mglkg less than Pennsylvanias residential lead cleanup standard under Act 2 (4) One sediment and one surface water sample collected in the marshy area contained only trace amounts of hazardous chemicals Therefore based upon existing data we may eliminate surface water sediment and soil as elements in potential exposure pathways for area residents

When wells HW -1 and HW -11 indicated elevated VOCs (Table 4 ) the groundwater investigation was expanded in 1994 and later years to include monitoring well construction in all four Areas(3) and more residential well sampling (Figures 4 8-13) The EPA soon learned that groundwater contamination had spread to off-site areas as explained below

Figures 8 through 12 depict three areas where the EPA consultant believes chlorinated solvents were disposed The contaminants of concern are tetrachloroethene (PCE) trichloroethene

2

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

3

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

4

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

5

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

6

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

-- ------~---------------

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

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Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

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Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

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1

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91 enzotllanrnracene

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ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

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18

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 9: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

p

OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

(TCE) 11-dichloroethane (DCA) 111-trichloroethane (TCA) and 11-dichloroethene (DCE) The figures show contamination contours for the most recent (1996) data for which isocon maps have been prepared Contours should be considered as approximations because they are largely based on interpolation between a few data points Note that private wells monitoring wells or both show marked increases in concentrations on the Butler property (Area 3) (up gradient) Perry Phillips property (Area 1) and Roger Phillips property (Area 4)(crossgradient from Area 1) Groundwater plumes have developed topographically down gradient from three of the four potential source areas (Figures 4 and 13) Plumes are identified by their differentiating chemical constituents particularly as they impact private wells We are unsure how long the Area 3 and Area 4 contaminant sources have existed We are also unsure how long residents in the area were exposed to contaminants before the EPA installed filters The Perry Phillips private well (not the mobile home park well) contained PCE at varying concentrations over time reaching an apparent maximum concentration of 1000 parts per billion (ppb) in 1993 (3)

In 1998 the EPA contractors performed three sampling rounds for approximately 35 domestic wells down gradient of the site(s) and north of the power line (Figures 2 and 4) The home locations and sampling results are shown for all wells that indicated a contaminant concentration of 1 ppb or higher for any contaminant detected during the most recent area wide sampling (December 1998) Clearly wells down gradient of the suspected source at Area 4 have the highest concentrations Two home wells on Ash Road with PCE concentrations above the EPAs maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water(S ppb) are still operating without approved filters (Figure 4)

In May and September of 1999 the EPA contractor sampled five of the six homes with filters an unfiltered home on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE and the home well on Debbie Drive (Figures 3 and 4) There were no appreciable changes in contaminant concentrations except for the home on Ash Road which reported a decrease in PCE concentration from 29 ppb to 8 ppb (Figure 4) The home on Debbie Drive is up gradient of all plumes and therefore non-detect for all parameters Plume boundaries appear to have stabilized (steady state conditions) and should not change for at least several years unless there is more uncontrolled dumping of mobile contaminants in the suspected source areas

Site Visits

On January 26 1999 the DOH hydrogeologist J E Godfrey met with a representative of the CCHD and toured the site and surrounding area The landfill has been inactive for years but Area 2 (Figures 2 and 13) still contains junk mobile homes scrap metal drums and miscellaneous debris The scrap yard owneroperator has posted a sign near the office entrance warning trespassers to keep out The residential area of new homes (Debbie Drive) is up gradient of Areas 1 2 and 3 (Figure 3) and will not be affected by site-related groundwater contaminants Surprisingly home wells on Karen Circle immediately down gradient of the junkyard show no

3

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

4

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

5

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

6

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

-- ------~---------------

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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1t

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

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oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 10: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

groundwater contamination There is one vacant lot on Karen Circle down gradient of the junkyard where a new well could be drilled if the lot is developed residentially

On February 22 1999 Mr Godfrey again visited the site with two EPA representatives The investigators verified the location of rock types shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) plotted new homes and other structures on a topographic map and met with an area resident who provided useful historical information While visiting that residents property (which is located behind Area 4 (Figure 4)) investigators found one empty oil container and one plastic jug partly filled with what appeared to be waste oil or other liquid Both items were down gradient of MW -3 (Figure 13)

On January 14 2000 Mr Godfrey and Mark Lavin of the DOH visited the site with two representatives from Region 3 EPA The site has changed very little since the earlier visits Mr Lavin further edited and fine tuned existing topographic maps to correctly portray area features such as monitoring wells and homes

D DISCUSSION

Pathways Analysis

To determine whether nearby residents are exposed to contaminants migrating from the site the DOH evaluates the environmental and human components that lead to human exposure An exposure pathway consists of five elements (a) a source of contamination (b) an environmental medium in which the contaminants may be present or may migrate (c) a geographic point of human exposure (d) a biologic route of exposure and (e) a receptor population

The DOH and the ATSDR identify exposure pathways as completed middotpotential or eliminated In completed exposure pathways the five elements exist and so exposure has occurred is occurring or will occur In potential exposure pathways however at least one of the five elements is missing and exposure to a contaminant could have occurred in the past or could occur in the future An exposure pathway can be eliminated if at least one of the five elements is missing and will never be present As previously stated we have eliminated surface water soil and sediment as elements in potential exposure pathways at this site

The contaminant plumes from the Old Wilmington Road site present a complex hydrogeological and human exposure problem for investigators and groundwater users Figure 10 shows that the plumes are for the most part topographically controlled A significant geological factor is the tabular intrusion (dike) of pegmatite shown on the geologic map of the Parkesburg quadrangle (Figure 14) and also indicated on Figures 4 and 13

4

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

5

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

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OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

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lOGGING AREA

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I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

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I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

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bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

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-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

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FIGIIKR 10

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FIGURE 11

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

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Figure 14

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

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oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 11: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

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OLD wnMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic composition When intruded into surrounding rock fractures may be created or enlarged along it such that they become preferential pathways for groundwater movement Figure 13 illustrates one possible mechanism whereby contaminants from Area 3 could have migrated slightly crossgradient along the dike to MW-4 and further down slope toward the two homes on Karen Circle (Figure 4) MW-4 and the homes contain low levels of DCA and TCA both characteristic contaminants of Area 3 (1 and Figure 12) Part of the Area 3 plume also moves down gradient and merges with the Area 1 plume which is primarily a PCE plume (Figure 13)

The plume from Area 1 extends topographically down gradient and misses nearly every home thus explaining the non-detect results from residential wells along Old Wilmington Road and the southern part of Karen Circle (Figures 4 and 13) Because the landfill is closed its plume is probably in steady state (not changing with time) and may never affect more (existing) domestic wells However more sampling rounds are needed in that area to confirm the plumes position Monitoring wells may also be required near the power line right-of-way east of Old Wilmington Road (Figures 2 and 4) The ends of the Area 2 and Area 3 plumes are indicated as uncertain in Figure 13 due to a lack of data points in that region of the map which is mostly agricultural land

The plume(s) extending down gradient from Area 4 present a more challenging problem MW-3 (Figure 13) which was constructed to monitor the up gradient part of the Area 4 plume consistently indicates significant concentrations of every contaminant of concern except PCE (trace amount only until1997 (2)) However three homes along Ash Road down gradient of MW-3 contain 29 ppb (maximum) 22 ppb (before filter) and 8 ppb PCE respectively Another property on Ash Road which is fitted with a carbon filter unit has the highest PCE concentration in unfiltered water (104 ppb January 1997) east of Old Wilmington Road That residence appears to be near the middle of the PCE plume from Area 4 (Figures 4 and 13) Furthermore PCE levels have increased since 1996 (2) Those data strongly suggest that there is yet another source (or sources) of PCE contamination between MW-3 and the Ash Road wells As stated previously investigators noted evidence of dumping in woods behind Area 4 during the February 22 1999 site visit Investigators also saw several large trucks parked on Area 4 on the January 12 2000 visit More investigation and perhaps more monitoring wells will be required to resolve the contaminant source issue there We have found no evidence to indicate that any plume crosses Old Wilmington Road (Figure 13)

Toxicological Evaluation of Past Exposures

In this section DOH discusses the health effects that may occur in persons exposed to site related contaminants

The ATSDR has developed health-based comparison values (CVs) that are chemical-specific concentrations which determine environmental contaminants of health concern We use CVs to determine which contaminants require further evaluation These values include Environmental

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

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OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

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OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

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OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

OlD IIMtS)_ middot -

(

OlD VEHIClES

II I I I I L_j

r---1 OlO VEHIClES I L ___ j

f IRASH j ~ bull I middot- middot

-l(4CHAif --1

l

Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

--~~u middot

I

llRAI AII(A

I

i

(

1 t--Ulll

I I I I I I I I I I I I v

cellS ROAD

I I I I I I I _OlD fiRE S I I I I

1 I I I I I 1 I ~ OlO VEHIClES I I A )

v

W - 11e 1111AilfA

WILl

bull F bull I

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bullbull middot L fRAILER t

r1

I r bull I I

I OlO IIRES__J

I I bull I I

S- 1S- 1d I I I I

I 1--0LO VEHICttS LJ

OlO VEntCltS---__ _j

LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

IAUCII

MOBIL( HOME ~ WASt( fllllfiS ~

c~ IAEMOYlOI middot)

~ I J

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8

-- (tMOtlltO~

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0 ll

bull 0 0

Q

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PEHHSYlVAHIA

bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

IIHIIU IDCAIIOII ampIll

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CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

utcm iril- - r---Ill ecubull

I

middot 0

I

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gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

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t_

I

TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 12: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEAS

Media Evaluation Guides (EMEGs) and Reference Dose Media Evaluation Guides (RMEGs) f noncancerous health effects and Cancer Risk Evaluation Guides (CREGS) for cancerous health effects H environmental media guides cannot be established because of a lack of available health data other comparison values may be used to select a contaminant for further evaluation

In this section the DOH discusses health effects that could result from site-related contaminant exposures assuming they occurred for 20 years between 1974 and 1994 Twenty years is a reasonable estimate of exposure duration It is based on the start of operations and adjusted to allow time for migration of contaminants through groundwater To determine the possible heal effects of site-specific chemicals the DOH researches scientific literature and uses the ATSDR minimal risk levels (MRLs) the EPAs reference doses (RIDs) and the EPAs Cancer Slope Factors (CSFs) MRLs are estimates of daily exposure to contaminants below which noncancerous adverse health effects are unlikely to occur RIDs are estimates (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of daily oral exposures in milligrams per kilogram pe day (mglkgday) to the general public (including sensitive groups) that is likely to be without at appreciable risk of noncancerous hannful effects during a lifetime (70 years) When RIDs and MRLs are not available a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) or lowest observed advers effect level (LOAEL) may be used to estimate levels below which no adverse health effects (noncancerous) are expected

Health guidelines such as MRLs and RIDs however do not consider the risk of developing cancer To evaluate exposure to carcinogens EPA has established CSFs for inhalation and ingestion that define the relationship between exposure doses and the likelihood of an increased risk of cancer compared with controls that have not been exposed to the chemical Usually derived from animal or occupational studies cancer slope factors are used to calculate the exposure dose likely to result in one excess cancer case per one million persons exposed over a lifetime (70 years)

Because children generally receive higher doses of contaminants than adults under similar middot circumstances the DOH uses the higher doses in forming its conclusions about the health effects

of exposures to site-related contaminants when children are known or thought to be involved (se Child Health Initiative section) Also readers should note that researchers conduct animal studies using doses at levels much higher than those experienced by most people exposed to contaminated groundwater originating from hazardous waste sites

111-trichloroethane (TCA)

The highest level of 111-trichloroethane (TCA) found in home wells near the site was 90 micrograms per liter (pgL) Since that value does not exceed any of ATSDRs comparison values DOH will not discuss it further in this document

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OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

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OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

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middot 0

I

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gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

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BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

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- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

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Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

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MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

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800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

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FIGURE 12

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I

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

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Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 13: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

11-dichloroethane (DCA)

The highest level of 11-dichloroethane (DCA) found in home wells near the site was 5 pgL The ATSDR does not have any comparison values for DCA However the estimated oral exposure dose is several thousand times lower than the level at which health effects were observed in animals (eg decreased body weight) Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected to occur in the exposed population by oral as well as dermal and inhalation routes The EPA does not have a CSF for DCA but has classified it as a possible human carcinogen based on no human data and limited evidence of carcinogenicity in two animal species (rats and mice) (5) However our estimated exposure is several thousand times lower than the level at which cancer was observed in animals At present there are no epidemiological studies available regarding the carcinogenic effect of DCA Based on animal studies the level of exposure poses an insignificant cancer risk to people

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Description Uses and Occurrences

PCB is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metalshydegreasing It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products Other names for PCE include perchloroethylene and tetrachloroethene It is a nonflammable liquid at room temperature It evaporates easily into the air and has a sharp sweet odor Most people can smell PCE when it is present in the air at a level of 1 part PCE per million parts of air (1 ppm) or more although some can smell it at even lower levels Much of the PCE that gets into water or soil evaporates into the air Microorganisms can break down some of the PCE in soil or underground water In the air it is broken down by sunlight into other chemicals or brought back to the soil and water by rain It does not appear to collect in fish or other animals that live in water (6)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For short periods (acute) and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with PCE at a maximum level of 1000 pgL the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) The estimated dose of exposure for children at that level would exceed the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (two) 2 For adults estimated exposure dose would be lower than the acute MRL Therefore adults would not have experienced noncancerous health effects The ATSDR selected their acute oral MRL based on a study that showed developmental neurotoxicity (ie bull significant increases in locomotion and total activity) in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 50 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (6)

7

-- ------~---------------

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

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Figure 6

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

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Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 14: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

-- ------~---------------

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

For longer periods (chronic) and using the same assumption as above the DOH believes that those children might have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects (eg hyperactivity) but not adults The nervous system is a well-established target of PCE exposure in humans but longer term oral studies in animals have not focused on neurological effects (6) The EPA selected their oral RID based on a study that showed liver toxicity in laboratory mice exposed at a dose of about 260 times the level of child exposure estimated by the DOH (7)

Carcinogenic Health Effects

Some epidemiological studies of dry cleaning workers suggest a possible association between long-term high inhalation exposure to PCE and increased cancer risk However the results of these studies are inconclusive because of the likelihood that the study population was exposed to petroleum solvents at the same time In another study in New Jersey PCE contamination of the drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of non-Burkitts high grade nonshyHodgkin s lymphoma in females Many of the water supplies were also contaminated with TCE making it difficult to assess the relative contribution of each chemical (6) Results of animal studies conducted with amounts much higher than those that most people are exposed to show that PCE can cause liver and kidney cancers Although it has not been shown to cause cancer in people US Department of Health and Human Services has determined that PCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen The International Agency for Research on cancer (IRA C) has determined that PCE is probably carcinogenic to humans (6)

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to PCE at the maximum concentration (1000 pgL) that occurred to people who used contaminated groundwater via multiple routes (inhalation ingestion dermal) for 20 years we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0052 ~glkglday)1 that EPA has placed under review (3) These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that causes cancer and also assuming that the inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one ( 1) cancer per 1000 people It is our opinion that past exposure to PCE poses moderate cancer risk for those people

Trichloroethylene (TCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

TCE is a nonflammable colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet burning taste It is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts but it is also an ingredient in adhesives paint removers typewriter correction fluids and spot removers TCE is not thought to occur naturally in the environment However it i~ present in some underground water sources

8

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

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LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

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au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

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bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

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___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

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CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

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-0

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

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200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

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I

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I

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Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

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t_

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S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

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ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 15: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture use and disposal of the chemical TCE does not build up significantly in plants and animals which includes humans (8)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

For acute exposure and using the assumption that children living near the site consumed one liter of water per day contaminated with TCE at a level of 530 JLgL the DOH believes that those children would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects The dose experienced at that level is Jess than the ATSDRs acute oral MRL (14 days and less) by a factor of (four) 4

For chronic exposure the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL for TCE (8) The EPA has placed the RID for TCE under review and therefore an RID is not available at this writing (9) However noncancerous health effects are not expected when multiple exposure routes (inhalation ingestion and dermal contact) are evaluated Assuming that the inhalation dose and dermal dose are approximately equal to the ingestion dose the respective doses for children and adults would be three times the ingestion dose The total dose for children and adult would be 0159 and 0045 mglkglday respectively The total doses are several hundred times below doses at which adverse health effects would be expected based on animal studies Therefore noncancerous health effects would not be expected

Carcinogenic Health Effects

In studies using high doses of TCE in animals tumors in the lungs liver and testes were found providing some evidence that a high dose of TCE can cause cancer in experimental animals (8) Based on the limited data in humans regarding TCE exposure and cancer and evidence that high doses of TCE can cause cancer in animals the ARC has determined that TCE is probably carcinogenic to humans Recently the Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program) determined that TCE may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen This was based on limited evidence from studies in humans sufficient evidence of malignant tumor formation in experimental animals and convincing relevant information that TCE acts through mechanisms indicating it would likely cause cancer in humans Currently the National Toxicology Program is reviewing TCE for upgrading it to a known human carcinogen The EPA has placed TCE under review as to its carcinogenicity Epidemiological data are limited for evaluating the carcinogenicity of TCE in humans Studies have suggested that occupational exposure to TCE causes cancer of the liver biliary tract and also non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Another study has indicated that occupational exposure to TCE has been associated with cancer of the kidneys

In order to evaluate the possible cancer risk associated with the exposures to TCE at the maximum concentration (530 JLgL that occurred tomiddotpeople who used contaminated groundwater we calculated the theoretical cancer risk using the CSF of (0011 rnglkgldayr1

9

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

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lOGGING AREA

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Figure 6

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FIGURE 8

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t l -0

i

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

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FIGURE 11

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

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Figure 14

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Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 16: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

that EPA has placed under review These calculations are based on the assumption that there is no safe level of exposure to a chemical that may cause cancer and also assuming that inhalation and dermal doses are approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with exposures that occurred Based on theoretical cancer risk estimation the predicted cancer occurrence would be about one cancer per 10000 people It is our opinion that the past exposure to TCE poses low cancer risk for those people

Dicbloroethene (DCE)

Description Uses and Occurrence

DCE also known as 11-dichloroethylene and vinylidene chloride is a chemical used to make certain plastics and flame-retardant coating for fiber and carpet backing It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature It has a mild sweet smell and bums quickly It is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment Most of the DCE manufactured is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride (10)

Noncarcinogenic Health Effects

The highest level of DCE found near the site (5 JLgL) does not exceed any of the ATSDRs comparison values for DCE Therefore DOH believes that people exposed to that level of DCE would not have experienced noncancerous adverse health effects

Carcinogenic Health Effects

The EPA has determined that DCE is a possiblC human carcinogen Studies on workers who breathed DCE have not shown an increase in cancer These studies however are not conclusive because of the small numbers of workers and the short time studied Animal studies have shown mixed results Several studies reported an increase in tumors in rats and mice and other studies reported no such effects (ll) The DHHS has not classified DCE with respect to carcinogenicity The IARC has determined that DCE is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans ( 1 0)

The EPA has established a CSF of (06 mglkglday)1 for DCE (12) PADOH used the CSF for DCE to evaluate an increased cancer risk Based on the theoretical cancer risk estimation for past exposures the predicted cancer occurrence would be about seven (7) cancers per 100000 people However these calculated risks are not real and tend to overestimate the risk associated with past exposure to DCE It is our opinion that past exposure to DCE poses a minimum cancer risk for those people

10

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

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gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

rM~S iiW~~~~---middot1---t-t-----1 w~ -middot-middot - - - NKtnv awo ~

t_

I

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S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

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---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

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S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

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qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

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__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 17: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WUMlNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Toxicological Evaluation of Current Exposures

For PCE the ATSDR has not developed a chronic oral MRL However the EPA has developed a chronic oral RID of 001 mglkgday for noncancerous health effects based on liver toxicity in animal studies (6) The residents are exposed to PCE in their well water (maximum concentration of 29 pgL) by ingestion inhalation and dermal contact The estimated exposure dose by ingestion would be 00008 mglkgday Assuming that inhalation dose and dermal dose from bathing may be approximately equal to the estimated ingestion dose the estimated dose would be three times that of the ingestion dose The total dose is below the chronic ingestion RID of OOlmgkgday Therefore noncancerous health effects are not expected for adults from exposure to PCE at this concentration Also for children noncancerous health effects are not expected because the estimated exposure dose would be less than the oral RID

Currently the ATSDR has not established a CREG for PCE However based on the EPAs previous CSF for PCE the use of well water at a concentration of 29 pgL (Ash Road) would result in a low risk of developing cancer over a lifetime People using well water at a level of 8 ppb (another Ash Road residence) have no apparent increased risk of developing cancer over a lifetime

Exposure to chlorinated solvents is still occurring in at least two of the three homes It is a prudent public health practice for the residents of those homes to use alternate sources of uncontaminated water or treat the current water supply to prevent further exposure

Health Outcome Data Evaluation

Based on the available exposure information residents of the three homes on Ash Road with PCE levels above the MCL may have been exposed to elevated levels of chlorinated solvents The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania maintains health outcome databases including vital statistics and the cancer registry These databases provide information on total mortality cancer morbidity and birth defects However only a small number of residents near the site used the contaminated private wells Therefore the data that are available in the Commonwealth database do not allow us to determine whether certain adverse health outcomes would be related to exposure Additionally there were no community concerns associated with morbidity and mortality among the residents Therefore no health outcome data are evaluated at this time

Child Health Initiative

The ATSDR and the DOH recognize that children are especially sensitive when exposed to many contaminants For that reason we based all our exposure scenarios and conclusions on the results of childrens exposure to site-related contaminants at Old Wilmington Road and discussed those scenarios in the preceding Toxicological Evaluation section of this report

11

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

OlD IIMtS)_ middot -

(

OlD VEHIClES

II I I I I L_j

r---1 OlO VEHIClES I L ___ j

f IRASH j ~ bull I middot- middot

-l(4CHAif --1

l

Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

--~~u middot

I

llRAI AII(A

I

i

(

1 t--Ulll

I I I I I I I I I I I I v

cellS ROAD

I I I I I I I _OlD fiRE S I I I I

1 I I I I I 1 I ~ OlO VEHIClES I I A )

v

W - 11e 1111AilfA

WILl

bull F bull I

OlO IEWAOpound DISPOSAl I I 1MNCHU I I bullr----

YAR$H OlD lAHMpound11 __J

bullbull middot L fRAILER t

r1

I r bull I I

I OlO IIRES__J

I I bull I I

S- 1S- 1d I I I I

I 1--0LO VEHICttS LJ

OlO VEntCltS---__ _j

LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

IAUCII

MOBIL( HOME ~ WASt( fllllfiS ~

c~ IAEMOYlOI middot)

~ I J

lOll Off$ COHIANiHt _--lt ~ stWAGl SlUOOl - ~

D- StCONOAAY AEamptOlHCl

8

-- (tMOtlltO~

IIIASTI I ~ _ S(Mt

- S-9 tfOIIMtll lOCAitOHt _______

ROll Off fUll 01 ~) SEWAGt SlUDGE~ ~

c-s~J IIOUampl

fiElD

S- 10e

0 0

l = c i

0 ll

bull 0 0

Q

lt ~ z 0 Jshylt () 0 -J

UJ -J Q

~

~~

0

Cl)

PEHHSYlVAHIA

bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

IIHIIU IDCAIIOII ampIll

TCE CotiTAMINATION 31996 COAItSVIIIE PA

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

utcm iril- - r---Ill ecubull

I

middot 0

I

I --~~middot~ -0

gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

rM~S iiW~~~~---middot1---t-t-----1 w~ -middot-middot - - - NKtnv awo ~

t_

I

TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 18: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Since the scrap yard part of the site is still operated as a business and is posted with no trespassing signs we do not expect children to visit the site unsupervised Therefore children are not at risk from the physical hazards (falling debris etc) normally associated with moving storing or selling scrap iron steel drums or other miscellaneous equipment

E COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS

No community health concerns have been presented by any individual or any citizens groups to the DOH or the ATSDR regarding the Old Wilmington Road Site We visited with residents in one home with a contaminated well (now filtered) but they expressed no health concerns However the Chester County Health Department took legal action beginning February 28 2000 against the mobile home park owner for a malfunctioning septic system (oral communication with the EPA) Additionally no comments were received when this document was released for public comment middot

F CONCLUSIONS

l From the information received the DOH and the ATSDR consider the site and other nearby sources of VOCs to be a public he~th hazard because of long term exposure to hazardous substances in groundwater Exposure to chlorinated solvents is occurring and has occurred by ingestion of drinking water dermal absorption and inhalation of contaminants in vapors and aerosols However private well sampling data are not sufficient to identify everyone who may be using contaminated groundwater and to confirm whether the contaminants at levels of health concern are present in each supply well We are particularly concerned that VOCs have increased in some wells in the past three to four years

middot 2 Home wells on Karen Circle down gradient from Area 3 indicating very low VOC levels do not pose a health risk at this time for those consuming or showering in the water

3 Use of private well water on Ash Road (29 ppb PCE) over the course of a lifetime could slightly increase the risk of cancer

G RECOI1l1ENDATIONS

l Sample private wells and monitoring wells on and downgradient of the three contaminant source areas (sites) and north of the power line right-of-way for at least three more consecutive calendar quarters

2 Provide the affected homes on Ash Road with approved filtration systems

12

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

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0 Aru2

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Figure 6

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COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

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u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 19: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

3 Provide public health education to residents on Ash Road The DOH will follow-up on this activity

4 The DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will collaboratively evaluate future site data as the EPAs expanded groundwater sampling and investigation of the site continues

H PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION PLAN

The EPA is in the early stage of site evaluation and a draft Remedial Investigation Feasibility Study (RJIFS) has been prepared More well water sampling is planned and the DOH the ATSDR and the EPA will work together to educate citizens about the meaning of sample results If new data reveal that site conditions are different than previously thought or have changed over time the DOH and the ATSDR may reevaluate conclusions and recommendations stated in this report

Preparers of Report

Joseph E Godfrey MS PG Hydrogeologist Pennsylvania Department of Health

Mark A Lavin BS Environmental Health Specialist Pennsylvania Department of Health

13

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

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Figure 6

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

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Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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1t

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 20: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WU-MINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

REFERENCES

1 US Environmental Protection Agency 1989 Site Inspection of Perry Phillips Landfill Contract No 68-01-7346 NUS Corporation Superfund Division

2 US Environmental Protection Agency 1995-1998 Perry Phillips Landfill Site QA Data Report

3 US Environmental Protection Agency 1994 Federal On-Scene Coordinators Report for Perry Phillips Landfill Site Old Wilmington Road Sadsburyville PA 19327

4 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1997 Land Recycling and Environmental Remediation Standards Act (Act 2)

5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0409htm

6 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

7 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 1 06htm

8 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Trichloroethylene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR September 1997

9 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwww epagovirissubst0 199 htm

10 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for 11-Dichloroethene (Update) US Public Health Service Atlanta Georgia ATSDR May 1994

11 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ToxF AQ for 11-Dichloroethene September 1995 URL httpwwwatsdrcdcgovtfacts39html

12 United States Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Risk Information System Database URL httpwwwepagovirissubst0039htm

14

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

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S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 21: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WllMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

CERTIFICATION

This Old Wilmington Road Public Health Assessment has been prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Health under Cooperative Agreement with the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) It is in accordance with approved methodology and procedures existing at the time the health consultation was initiated

Roberta Erlwein Technical Project Officer SPS SSAB DHAC

The Division of Health Assessment and Consultation ATSDR has reviewed this Health Consultation and concurs with its findings

~~~ Richard E Giig

Chief SPS SSAB DHAC ATSDR

15

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

OlD IIMtS)_ middot -

(

OlD VEHIClES

II I I I I L_j

r---1 OlO VEHIClES I L ___ j

f IRASH j ~ bull I middot- middot

-l(4CHAif --1

l

Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

--~~u middot

I

llRAI AII(A

I

i

(

1 t--Ulll

I I I I I I I I I I I I v

cellS ROAD

I I I I I I I _OlD fiRE S I I I I

1 I I I I I 1 I ~ OlO VEHIClES I I A )

v

W - 11e 1111AilfA

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r1

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I OlO IIRES__J

I I bull I I

S- 1S- 1d I I I I

I 1--0LO VEHICttS LJ

OlO VEntCltS---__ _j

LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

IAUCII

MOBIL( HOME ~ WASt( fllllfiS ~

c~ IAEMOYlOI middot)

~ I J

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8

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bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

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TCE CotiTAMINATION 31996 COAItSVIIIE PA

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

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I

middot 0

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gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

rM~S iiW~~~~---middot1---t-t-----1 w~ -middot-middot - - - NKtnv awo ~

t_

I

TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 22: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WUMINGTON ROAD PUBUC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

FIGURES

16

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

OlD IIMtS)_ middot -

(

OlD VEHIClES

II I I I I L_j

r---1 OlO VEHIClES I L ___ j

f IRASH j ~ bull I middot- middot

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l

Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

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I

llRAI AII(A

I

i

(

1 t--Ulll

I I I I I I I I I I I I v

cellS ROAD

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1 I I I I I 1 I ~ OlO VEHIClES I I A )

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I 1--0LO VEHICttS LJ

OlO VEntCltS---__ _j

LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

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8

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HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

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a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

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TCE CotiTAMINATION 31996 COAItSVIIIE PA

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

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iinimiddot- - iiii

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middot 0

I

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Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

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t_

I

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S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 23: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

1 Figure 1 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

Chester County

5 0 5 1 0 15 Miles ~~~~~--~~~

Legend

amp Site location c=J Chester County

l

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

OlD IIMtS)_ middot -

(

OlD VEHIClES

II I I I I L_j

r---1 OlO VEHIClES I L ___ j

f IRASH j ~ bull I middot- middot

-l(4CHAif --1

l

Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

--~~u middot

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llRAI AII(A

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cellS ROAD

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I 1--0LO VEHICttS LJ

OlO VEntCltS---__ _j

LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

IAUCII

MOBIL( HOME ~ WASt( fllllfiS ~

c~ IAEMOYlOI middot)

~ I J

lOll Off$ COHIANiHt _--lt ~ stWAGl SlUOOl - ~

D- StCONOAAY AEamptOlHCl

8

-- (tMOtlltO~

IIIASTI I ~ _ S(Mt

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c-s~J IIOUampl

fiElD

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0 0

l = c i

0 ll

bull 0 0

Q

lt ~ z 0 Jshylt () 0 -J

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~

~~

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Cl)

PEHHSYlVAHIA

bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

IIHIIU IDCAIIOII ampIll

TCE CotiTAMINATION 31996 COAItSVIIIE PA

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

utcm iril- - r---Ill ecubull

I

middot 0

I

I --~~middot~ -0

gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

rM~S iiW~~~~---middot1---t-t-----1 w~ -middot-middot - - - NKtnv awo ~

t_

I

TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 24: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Figure 1

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site Location Map

02 0 02 04 Miles

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

OlD IIMtS)_ middot -

(

OlD VEHIClES

II I I I I L_j

r---1 OlO VEHIClES I L ___ j

f IRASH j ~ bull I middot- middot

-l(4CHAif --1

l

Figure 5

lOGGING AREA

--~~u middot

I

llRAI AII(A

I

i

(

1 t--Ulll

I I I I I I I I I I I I v

cellS ROAD

I I I I I I I _OlD fiRE S I I I I

1 I I I I I 1 I ~ OlO VEHIClES I I A )

v

W - 11e 1111AilfA

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bull F bull I

OlO IEWAOpound DISPOSAl I I 1MNCHU I I bullr----

YAR$H OlD lAHMpound11 __J

bullbull middot L fRAILER t

r1

I r bull I I

I OlO IIRES__J

I I bull I I

S- 1S- 1d I I I I

I 1--0LO VEHICttS LJ

OlO VEntCltS---__ _j

LEGEND S-4 - Soil Sample SD - Sediment Sample SW - Surface Water Sample

I NO SCALE ) HW-11 - Water Well Sample

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

OlMOLIJIOH WASil I ~ I ~ _ ----- _

IUMP 1H 8AI ltAitgt _

au fERtEsw~~uo ~Dcllllwovto tllllMOYlOt IAIIIH

IAUCII

MOBIL( HOME ~ WASt( fllllfiS ~

c~ IAEMOYlOI middot)

~ I J

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D- StCONOAAY AEamptOlHCl

8

-- (tMOtlltO~

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0 0

l = c i

0 ll

bull 0 0

Q

lt ~ z 0 Jshylt () 0 -J

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~

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PEHHSYlVAHIA

bull --SOURC (7 MINUTE SERIES) USGS PARKERSBURG amp HONEY BROOK PA QUADS

HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

~oAoSiiiGiiWA v--__ -

a PONilIAIltE ----~

___ STREAM 0 -- 200

-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

C[JtJ~=---------~~----~~~~~~~~o~~~----~4~o~o~--~~~_~rmiddot=~~--~~r~n~o~r~E~nrv~~n~o~~~~~-gt~~i~~~ _ ~ ~man

IIHIIU IDCAIIOII ampIll

TCE CotiTAMINATION 31996 COAItSVIIIE PA

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

utcm iril- - r---Ill ecubull

I

middot 0

I

I --~~middot~ -0

gt D

Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

-middotmiddot 600

800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

TICIIgtIIClL JSBIIIUNCI 11amp11 - IIOIOH n1 iiiilOOOiiltii-=-----1---

rM~S iiW~~~~---middot1---t-t-----1 w~ -middot-middot - - - NKtnv awo ~

t_

I

TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

S - 1 SAtIPIE IOCATIOIIS - - - PnormTY notiiulAII

BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 25: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Figure 3

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Leend

bull Newer homes 0 ArNJ

0 ArN I 0 Nell4 N

+ 0 ARlt~2

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

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lOGGING AREA

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Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

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I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

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-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

__ -~ --~~middot~ -middot---- v

- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

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-middotmiddot 600 TOWNSIJIP DOIJIIIgtAilY

fJ

Old Wilmington Road

_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

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200 600

4W

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LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

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ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

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-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

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Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

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FIGIIKR 10

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bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

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- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

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Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

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MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

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FIGURE 12

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I

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

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Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 26: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Figure 4

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site December 1998

Old WilmingtOn Road Landfill legend

bullbull F Fllten 0 Aru4

0 Arul Affected homes

0 Aru2

0 Acta 3 - Pq~mtlte dike

IRffS

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lOGGING AREA

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Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

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FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

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middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-bmiddot 0 CJ

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- middot _

bull SA~tri ED IIOMES

~ POUO SAMPIE - -------~ RESIIgtEtiTIAI WFII bull - -----~ UOUITORIIIG WEI

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_-middot E -s--- -s-~lr iEiocAmiddotImiddoti(J~s

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

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200 600

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LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

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-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

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FIGIIKR 10

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Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

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400

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

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Figure 14

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middotshy

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

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77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

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OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

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oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

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OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 27: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

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OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

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Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

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1

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15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

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ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

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~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

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ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 28: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Figure 6

~-----------~-------------~------bull------------t __ H_c_t ________ ~------~----~~----~~-----------

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Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

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LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

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-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

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Figure 14

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middotshy

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Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

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u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

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~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

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77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

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r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

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0

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f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

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10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 29: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Q

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HOME WELL SAMPLE LOCATIONS

SCALE I 2~000

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FIGURE 8

( 1

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COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

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4W

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LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

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ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

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-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

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FIGIIKR 10

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BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

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- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

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Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

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u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

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~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

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d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

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18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

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---- bull I I I I 1--- -

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IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

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10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 30: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

I

middot

I

FIGURE 8

( 1

t l -0

i

MW-

-middot 1~CENll 1--- ------middot-0 IIOUSEDARN TRAIIEII

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COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

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FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

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~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

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- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

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FIGURE 11

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I

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

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middotshy

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Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

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1

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~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

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~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

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r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

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s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

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IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

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f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 31: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

CIIESTER COliNTY WFST CAlN TWP

- I

~ middot ~ middotmiddot

) _ -- - ()

------ 0

-------middot middot middot-

-I ----- ~ -1 __

-0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road PCF CONTAMIIIATION 31906

COATESVIJIE r A CIIPSTPR COIINTY WEST GAIN TWP

FIGURE 9

-middot

_

( middot-

I I -J I bull

200 600

4W

__ o- ---- --

LEGENO 0 IIOUSEOAHNTilAIIFII ----bull SA IPLEU IIOMES

~ POND SAttrtE ~-nEsmENTiiWr1i- -~ ltoHrrouiHGWfii~ --shy

~ llOAOSIIIGIIWA V

ro~_p (I_A_K_E __ ___STREAM

TOWtiSIIIP llOIItligtAIH ------ - --- s - 1 SAmIE IOCATIOII ~

~-~-middot -- middot 800 I middot-I PROPERTY llOIJIWAIY

-----middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot

bull 8dii1C llXamp tiChl W I

obulltt 1 iitiiij - middot I I

iinimiddot- - iiii

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I

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Old Wilmington Road OCA CONlAMINATIOU 3 19IJO

COAfESVIIlE PA CIIESlffl COIINTV Wjgt~l fAI _ rrwn

FIGIIKR 10

-1 middotmiddoto

bull

~ -

~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot- - middot

0 400

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800 U I CHVUIOMIIIJfU~ rROTtct1lt1M ampOlHfl

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TOWUSIIII UOlllllAHY

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BUUl E IDe bullHUll 11 ~gt 1 - --~-

~-bullbull -ll - iiii--

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

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Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

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FIGURE 12

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I

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Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

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Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

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u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 32: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

I

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p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

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Waters

Low-

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TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 33: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

- - - ~ c- --u-----------------------middot-- __ LLIM~niLm~t ___________ u~ __ bull ______ _ulp~w~----------~m~amul-__ ~middot~l~==~----~------L------------~--~--~-ubull_~_middot_w_

MW-1~

0

fJ

Old Wilmington Road OCE CONTAMINATION 3l996

COATESVIIIE PA CIIESTPR COUNTY WEST CAJN TWP

FIGURE 11

0

~--

_~

0

MW-2 ROGER PHILLIPS

MW-3

~ ~

200

400

600

C J

L8GEND bull-==---middot------------- -0 IIOUSE DARtiTilAIIEB --- -middot-middot-- -

bull SAUPIED IIOMES --- ---- ~ POND SAMIIE

0 RESIOEI~TIAI WELl -~--~ioNrrontNlti wEil-- -~o~oSJ~ltJJWA -y-__ ~ PO~(~AK~-----

TOYNSI IIP nOllllllAIIY - - --------middotmiddot s - 1 SAUPIE LOCATIONS

800 I --1 PROPERTY DOII~IlAHY

t UDtl I

01bullbullbull ii- -ut-t DampaaUI I t it t t

CUI - a -- leAl

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 34: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

ltgt I

~ j ) middotmiddot 0

---

0

Old Wilmington Road lIA l tllbullr bull bullbullbullbullbull bull h h o -

FIGURE 12

0

--~ -middot -

CJ 0 CJ

MW- 2 RllGER PI fiLLIPS

MW-f

- 200

400

__ ~

600

-a -- --- -I I

0 IIOliSEOAHH TilAIIt-ll

bull SA~fPIEO IIOMES q POiO S~UPI-E - --

-~RESIDENT I~ ~~~t -~~ ~ liONI10liiiW Wtll

~ ROA~s~illw~-i=-- PO~l(LAIltE

--middot middot-__ STIIEA~I ------- ----TOWtiSIIIP llOIIIIgtAHY ---

S - 1 9ALfPIE IOCATIOUS ________ 1- l PROPERTY llOIJIIIlARY

I

middot middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot -middot middotmiddot n bull bull qrl t t AIrl J WI -~ cent_= --middot iiii llnID IU lllmllftl middot-Ficure 13

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Old Wllmlnampon Ro3d Undftll leaend

F fl1len ltgt Arul lt=gt PCEPiume 11 Honlulrtna well cgt Aru4 ltgt PCE Plume No 2 + Arul - Alrtaed llama TCAIDCA Plume

cgt TCEIIumt - lepnadu dike

223

Xpq Ptqmorote

XmQ Metoqollbro

Xs

990 Goobrobullc

qnetss ond qobbro

gn Grontltc

gnebullss

__ s-GWIIraquoIC_bull ~ bull bbull r-~u sG-=-s-~ - uSf a f

Figure 14

__ v _ ~middot-

Compiled by A A SOCOlOW 1978 PARKESBURG

middotshy

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 35: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

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OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

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ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

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0

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J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 36: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

223

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Legend

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p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

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Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

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~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

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) 1 1middot1) _ 1

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10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 37: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Fiampure 1S

Old Wilmington Road Landfill Site

Legend

F Filters D Area1

() Monitoring well D Area2

D Atea3 bull Affected homes N

+ D Area4 - Pegmatite dike

~

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

1 arBn dlSu 11ae 8 11- ichloroetnene 9 11- ic~oroetllane 10 cis-12-Jtib~lo~oethene q mms-1_ tcmoroetllene 1 cqiltlf9rorm lJ 17-Didlloroemane 11 ~-oucanone l 1 gtromachiorometllane 1sect )_1 1-rUhloroethme 1 Lmiddot Barbon Tetrachlonae H rornodicnloromechane ~9 12-u~middotcnlp~oprooane _o CJS-l -Dtcnroroorooene 1 r middot n middot middot lCl oroet ene -middot Dlo~oiDocntoromernane s3 L 1-middotlnch oroethane 5 ~frlmiddotoYinliiiooroiiene _sect Hromoro~ 2t-l-Mechvl--middotPentanone 5sectmiddot 4-HeXilJOnetmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~middot 1 etrtlthwroeu1ene fi

~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

181 aloha-~C ~ 2 oera-~1 fit - ~3 deltamiddotB l ~~rna- ~~maane 1 l negtcachlor 1 sect ~l~rinf 18 middot eQcacn or epox1ae 1 8 ndosul an 09 i~l~t qy ~~ - 1 t 1 nann1~ 1

ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 38: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

p

OLD wiLMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEAL Til ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

TABLES

32

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

~- ~hlorometnane middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot romorohetnaJe J mvt L tonae - Cloroemane ~le~hvtene cmonae sect CAcetone

1t

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~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

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SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

-t-~nJOro-3-metllytoneno 60 timemvlnaohtitaletle g~ ~exilcplorotvcloiDemaaiene sJmiddot z-1middot11-t~cilldroomiddot eno1

~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

~6~i ~~n0~l yt~ne tnHrCfotuene ~- ttroanume

Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

~~-~CllrJjeDe t 1 0J 1$-bull - middotlllVlnexv JOntnaJate 5-lmiddot I-OmiddotO~(y(pmna1ate 5 enzo j truoranmene 5sect e~O tluoramllene agmiddot etZotlbullgmiddotrele 50 qenot1 3-cal ovrene ~-middot loenztan)antllfjltene 100 enzotgltl pelJene

ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

~~middot~~middot~~middot~middot~~~middotmiddot

SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

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1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

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~

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~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

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r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

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s- _____

18

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10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 39: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

F

Multi-Media Multi-Concenrra(ion Inorganic Analvtical Service (0LM040) ~

varrLc Warer SoilSedimem (Single phase hvrnogrneous nor 01~v)

Level LowMedium The CRDLs on Table 2 are minimum levels

Turnaround 35 days14 days

-- Analyte

b 5 Ba Be Cd Ca Cr Co I middot middotpb I[ a Mn )1 Se Ag middote middot tt V Zn -b Tl Se

Table 1 Methods and Instruments

Instrument

Incccivelv Couoled Plasma (ICP)

I Giaohite Furnace Atomic bsorption (GF-1-

Method

Acid digestion followed by ICP anaiysis

I Acid digestion followed by GFAA malysis

I Coici Vaoor AlOmic Absorption iC _r I Acid and permanganate oxidation foiloweci by CV l_l

JOalVSIS

-

I 1nual md Semi-automated Co10nmemc

I Distillation followed by colorimemc anaiysis

per detection limits mav onlv be used if the sam ole concemradon exce~ds five times the detection limit of the umem or method in use This is illustrated in the folloving example

For lead middot Method in use = ICP

Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) = 40 Sample Concentration = 220 Contract Reouired Detection Limit (CRDL) = 3

fContract Required Detection Limit is tbe instrument detection limit obtained in pure water

TABLE 2 Target Analyte List and Contract Reouired Detection Limits (CRDL)

lNALYTE I CONTRACT REOL1RED A0ALYTE I COITRACT REQUIRED nFTE(TTQ1 u~TTT ICRDTl DrTE(TION UTIT r(RDl

lluminum I 200 ugL Magnesium 5000 ugrL

lmimony I 60 ugfL I Manganese 15 UgL

Arsenic I 10 ugrL Mercury 02 ugtL

Barium I 200 ugL Nickel 40 ugtL

Beryllium I 5ugiL Potassium 5000 ugtL

Cadmium I 5 ugtL Selenium 5 ugtL

Calcium I 5000 ugL Silver LO ugrL

Chromium I IOugtL -~ Sodium 5000 ugiL

Cobalt I 50 ugiL l Thallium 10 ugfL

Copper I 25 ugl 1 Vanadium 50 ugL

[roll I 100 ugrL l Zinc 20 ugtL

Leld I 3 ugtl 1 Cyanide 10 ugL

J

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

[ mi x

Lemiddotel

Waters

Low-

Turnaround 14 davs J

TABLE 3 PreDararion Vlethods and Instrumems

Fraction Prepararion Method Analytical Insrrumem j

Volatiles I Purge and trap I GC)fS analysis I Semivolariles I Continuous liquid-liquid extraction I GC)middot[S analysis I Pesticides Aroclors j Continuous liauid-iquid or separatorv

funne exrracrron bull I GCECD analysis I

Tar get Comoound List and Contract Required Ouantiration Limits in ugL

VOLATILES

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1t

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~0 1~7middot retracmoroet ane l ~--ulbromoetllane 2 oluen~ 3 hlorooenzene

34 lhvlbenzene 35 rvrene

1)

3sect ~middotlel)es (tot 31 13-sect~l)loroqenzene 38 U- tcnjorooenzene 39 q- icn orobenz~ne -0 17 middotd1br9m9-3-~morooropane -tl 1- -l-Tnchtorooenzee

SEVtiVOLATILES

~ Phenol i l n biSmiddot 2-Chtoroetllytie~er

1 1 1 ~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l J 5 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1

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ll_ cnao~uHan 1 i 13 1-t-UUO 11~ End~lifan sulltHe ll~ ~-UUTfil 115 ~v1ethoxvc or 11

8i narin KeoneJ

11 ndrin aldeilvoe 119 aloha-Chlprdime 120 ~Wmi-Chloraane 1 H 1 oxa~nene 17~ ~roc ormiddot1Y6 17J Aroc ormiddotL~l 15i Aroclor-12J2 lJ Aroc or-1~~2 1Ssect Aroc or-18 1-middot roc or-1~)4 128 AroclOr-1 pound50

u Ch 1 1oropoeno -tJ 15 -~ emyromino( -Isect -middot-middotOX blst-middotCnloropropaneJ -t~ Yle~vronen9 1 -t -Hi-~ttroso-d1-n-oroov amme 1 ~~achioroehane J ~1trooenzene ~ ~middot ~sopnorone f ~~- ~ff-ooheno ~ b -nDtnvlpnenol Lmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 1-1 lSmiddotmiddot~CIlotoemoxvmeuane ~J --l-JtcntoropnenoL ~sect NaJJntna1en~ ~~- 4-Chlqrpamune l ~ H~~acmoroourao1en~

1

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~ bull igt~ ncmqrob eno

j s--lt(llOronapmttaJene ~middot D-Nitroanihne

6o lmetnh~ntnalate

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Z r1eB~nthene rmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 121 f tnJtropn~no

I 0fltr0DOellOI 7il- ibelzoruran

N-l-UtnltrOtojUene igt ui1ttvloh~atale 76 4-Chtoroonenvlether i7 Fluorene 78 4-b-f~middot ro~niline fi l

1

79 ~o- tmtro-2-met v oneno 80 1- itrosodionenviarnine

II -1-oromoonevl-pnenvlether 2 exachldroomiddot~n2ene 3 entachloroonenol 4 ~henanwerie

15 ~)nrnracene 6 i-n-bucYtohthalate 7 luoramhene 8 rene 9 ~l~lQe-tZt iohthalace 0 l-Dtcn orooe~tame

91 enzotllanrnracene

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ESTICIDESiAROCLORS

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SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

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5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

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s- _____

18

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10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 40: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

m- Low Concemration Organic Analvtical Service (0LC020)

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p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 41: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

~ 0000000 00000000000000000000 iiii i4-i--ltltltoCXgtoo cltCOCltoccoo CCOOCCOO __ VNC-lNI~(-o) f)f)IV---middot-----

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SAMPLE DATA StJMMAOY

lmiddot middot s - fdtgtpound-O~n ncr~lk_ nCN rltz-i-middotn (~~iJ 11 utmiddot lti Jtr 1i sAJgtJ f middot 1lCA1 - SI- 1) ( dl 1)pound 1~ 6 L l) C Ct 1 ) ~~~~- (~t 1)_( ~77( j middot- middot -- imiddot ---- til lA - _ 11) II J 11) 1H J II) li~middot S II) If ll) Jl 1~ bull O) _ il -1_ ll) ~ l l - O)d~~ lul ll) J) __ 8) ~ -

1 l ~ 21 ~---middot-- IJ_t1a_ l) _ JicQ_ IJ Aa ll _ l(gt __ _ li II (L IL bull ~ Hl J(~- ~~1---A~- ll-t~(L_ ~) _$~ _ gt -~middot~ ~ ihry Elulff f 1u 1 _l~r~ IULL-r~- 101 - l bull tmiddot- middot IIIJ t1 ~-middot- ligtJ Lmiddotmiddot~ - IU) _Li~ bull 101 L~~ l n)__1~ IO)_~~- 1u 1 - ~~- 1u 1_ l middotmiddotmiddot

1 II 1 J l-- I l_l Jl- I I ) _I 1-- I II ( I I)_ ) middot---middot I I I ) - I I)- 1--- I 1) 1- - 11)---ll l- 1 qJrJl_ 1 I) LL)~ - 12) _ _ _ Q __ 12) _ _ _ 1) __ _ 12) 1 - I) _ __ L __ 12) _ __ __ 12 1 -- --- ll) _ z_s-_ 12) _ _ ( _ _ 12 ) 1 ) __ (gtun~ middotu~--- 111 ----- IJJ _ ___ _____ I IJ ______ _ __ 111 111 11) 1J ---- 111 - --- lll middot---- bull~ 1 _ ___ 111 _ _

) 1 1middot1) _ 1

__ 1middot1) -- 1middot1) - middot- - middot- middot- 1middot11 l H) ___ 14) ) 1middot1)_ -- middotmiddotmiddot- 1middot1) ------ 14) --middot 1middot1) ~1 - l middotl) - f-1~ O~~plLt ICW-- ISII(tjJ- IS) li)L- IS) bull Uf _ 15) I)) rtl - 1) u (_ l gt )to~( __ 15) 1-1~- 15)1~)7L 15) -~lt1~_ 1 5 ) ~ _gt(

~

lllMII)IINllS Ill I Etfi IJ middot

liE I EC I middot IIMII liES liLTS llESliiT S liE Sllll S fiESllll~ llE lll I S llfiliUS lliSIIUS Ill suus nF Sill rs llESlllTS HE Slll IS

~lavQd~~- Q_ 3 l t F s --r ___7_

lhmiddott~0 J~ S 1__ L_ J B _ _fL lf 1 ILt (L I~ B ~ cJo _ _ JQ_ middot - __l_~IL ~18-

r (1cllovd -l 5 ___ c middot1 -~~ -o bull ~-lv-o - )

_ _ JCJd1~ --

d~~~rQ~tfl- sshy_-r_ _ _~~ ~ g-~~ _s-_I_Ltt_-- 1 middot -cl I r o c -I t e s-

5 s-371 I_J~- ~~

q - 1 lj_ ~ l J

I )7

3b -

_ _ _ _ 1_ t_J3_middot - l - ---1 I I

77 -- --- - - 1 I I 1- --

f~~7-_~c- 5 I I I I I I 3 r 1 1 1---

r ~lo bull ocllc pound_ ~ J 1 J I I 1 1----

ybcVo Z th t s- I I I I I middotmiddot--- -middot- --middot----middot - -lu Ytl_vcs ~ I I I I I 1----

s- _____

18

middot~~~ba JQ_I I I I 1- - -

JI~~middotJelcv jQ_I 1 I I I I I I I I 1--- -~J-01pound-A I

Lid

l tc-i 50 I I I 1----18 r

---- bull I I I I 1--- -

-t~~roomiddotJih KEY

IIIII II liMit II ~ I ~ IIIIMIIlll oi l ti Attl

(0

0

$hI t amp OOlltll Y Clt)DE ()lllj Atii C 01 llll)fl(jAIIIC

f iJ f t I

----- -----1 I I bull-- - - -

J() J (Itmiddot A 6)1 AIU111AIOIIY tiAME 1 -fifOnlllllltl AGI(JII 7) IIIAHIC 11110111 I 11)111 middot II SMAII E lllEN ilfiEII - middotil) Flllll MtASIIIII MItll 91 PIIAiE - 14) rtllCttlf SOllll bull

10) COIICEtiTOATII)N 1~1 UIIIIS

tNS~ gtbull C NS- 12 ()(gt ltltllfo~ ~ -middotidd cl Lf(~c_~~tla ltvJ ( -1 ctr)(l cL (~tamp (lf1 SD--Li -ampetd rfurlrots

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 42: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT

GLOSSARY

A TSDR Plain Language Glossary of Environmental Health Terms

36

FINAL RELEASE

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 43: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

p

OLD wnMJNGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Absorption How a chemical enters a persons blood after th~ chemical has been swallowed has come into contact with the skin or has been breathed in

Acute Exposure Contact with a chemical that happens once or only for a limited period of time ATSDR defines acute exposures as those that might last up to 14 days

Adverse Health Effect A change in body function or the structures of cells that can lead to disease or health problems

ATSDR The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal health agency in Atlanta Georgia that deals with hazardous substance and waste site issues ATSDR gives people infonnation about harmful chemicals in their environment and tells people how to protect themselves from coming into contact with those chemicals

Background Level An average or expected amount of a chemical in a specific environment or amounts of chemicals that occur naturally in a specific environment

Cancer A group of diseases that occur when cells in the body become abnonnal and grow or multiply out of control

Cancer Slope Factor An upper bound approximating a 95 confidence limit on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent This estimate usually expressed in units of proportion (of a population) affected per mglkglday is generally reserved for use in the low-dose region of the dose-response relationship that is for exposures corresponding to risks less than 1 in 100

Carcinogen Any substance shown to cause tumors or cancer

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act Also known as Superfund

Chronic Exposure A contact with a substance or chemical that happens over a long period of time ATSDR considers exposures of more than one year to be chronic

Completed Exposure Pathway (See Exposure Pathway)

Comparison Value (CVs) Concentrations or the amount of substances in air water food and soil that are unlikely upon exposure to cause adverse health effects Comparison values are used by health assessors to select which substances and environmental media (air water food and soil) need additional evaluation while health concerns or effects are investigated

37

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

40

Page 44: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Concern A belief or worry that chemicals in the environment might cause hann to people

Concentration How much or the amount of a substance present in a certain amount of soil water air or food

Dermal Contact A chemical getting onto your skin (See Route of Exposure)

J)ose The amount of a substance to which a person may be exposed usually on a daily basis oose is often explained as amount of substances(s) per body weight per day

DoseResponse The relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) and the change in body function or health that results

Duration The amount of time (days months and years) that a person is exposed to a chemical

Environmental Contaminant A substance (chemical) that gets into a system (person animal or the environment) in amounts higher than that found in Background Level

Environmental Media Usually refers to the air water and soil in which chemicals of interest are found Sometimes refers to the plants and animals that are eaten by humans Environmental Media is the second part of an Exposure Pathway

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The federal agency that develops and enforces environmental laws to protect the environment and the publics health

Exposure Coming into contact with a chemical substance For the three (3) ways people can come into contact with substances- (See Route of Exposure)

Exposure Pathway A description of the way that a chemical moves from its source (where it began) to where and how people can come into contact with (or get exposed to) the chemical

ATSDR defines an exposure pathway as having five (5) parts

1 Source of Contamination 2 Environmental Media and Transport Mechanism 3 Point of Exposure 4 Route of Exposure and 5 Receptor Population

When all 5 parts of an exposure pathway are present it is called a Completed Exposure Pathway Each of these 5 terms is defined in this Glossary

38

F

oLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

39

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

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Frequency How often a person is exposed to a chemical over time for example every day once a week twice a month

aazardous Waste Substances that have been released or thrown away into the environment and under certain conditions could be harmful to people who come into contact with them A waste may be hazardous by listing (by EPA) or by meeting certain criteria such as corrosivity

Jiealth Effect ATSDR deals only with Adverse Health Effects (See Definition in this Glossary)

Ingestion Swallowing something as in eating or drinking It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

Inhalation Breathing It is a way a chemical can enter your body (See Route of Exposure)

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level The lowest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that has caused harmful health effects in people or animals

MRL Minimal Risk Level An estimate of daily human exposure - by a specified route and length of time - to a dose of chemical that is likely to be without a measurable risk of adverse noncancerous effects An MRL should not be used as a predictor of adverse health effects

NPL The National Priorities List (Which is part of Superlund) A list kept by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites in the country An NPL site needs to be cleaned-up -or is being looked at to see if people can be exposed to chemicals from the site

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level The highest dose of a chemical in a study or group of studies that did not cause harmful health effects in people or animals

Pegmatite A coarse-grained igneous rock of granitic mineralogy

Plume A volume of air or water containing chemicals which have moved and may continue to move from the source to areas further away A plume can be a column or clouds of smoke from a chimney contaminated underground water or contaminated surface water (such as lakes ponds and streams) A plume that has stabilized (boundaries unchanging with time) is said to be in steady state

Population A group of people living in a certain area or the number of people in a certain area

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Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

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Page 46: IENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESThe Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, A TSDR. was established by Congress in 1980 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

1 a p

OLD WILMINGTON ROAD PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL RELEASE

Public Health Hazard The category Public Health Assessments used in (PHAs) for sites that have certain physical features or evidence of chronic site-related chemical exposure that could result in adverse health effects middot

Public Health Hazard Criteria PHA categories given to a site that tell whether people could be harmed by conditions present at the site Each are defined in the Glossary The categories

are Urgent Public Health Hazard Public Health Hazard Indeterminate Public Health Hazard No Apparent Public Health Hazard No Public Health Hazard

Reference Dose (Rfl)) An estimate with safety factors (see safety factor) built-in of the daily lifetime exposure of human populations to a possible hazard that is not likely to cause hann to the person

Route of Exposure The way a chemical can get into a persons body There are three (3) exposure routes

breathing (also called inhalation) eating or drinking (also called ingestion) and or getting something on the skin (also called dermal contact)

Sample A small number of people chosen from a larger population (See Population)

Safety Factor Also called Uncertainty Factor When scientists do not have enough information to decide if an exposure will cause hann to people they use saf~ty factors and formulas in place of the information that is not known These factors and formulas can help determine the amount of a chemical that is not likely to cause hann to people

Source (of Contamination) The place where a chemical comes from such as a landfill pond creek incinerator tank or drum Contaminant source is the first part of an Exposure Pathway

Toxic Harmful Any substance or chemical can be toxic at a certain dose (amount) The dose is what determines the potential hann of a chemical and whether it would cause someone to get sick

Tumor Abnormal growth of tissue or cells that have formed a lump or mass

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