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Indian ethos inIndian ethos inmanagementmanagement

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Each society has to draw its lessonsEach society has to draw its lessons

on ethics from its own cultureon ethics from its own culture

specific areasspecific areas--its own psychologicalits own psychologicalmakemake--up.up.

It cannot draw its ethical lessonsIt cannot draw its ethical lessons

from another society.from another society.

Hence the body of knowledge whichHence the body of knowledge which

derives its solutions from the richderives its solutions from the rich

and huge Indian system of ethics areand huge Indian system of ethics are

known as Indian Ethos inknown as Indian Ethos in

Management.Management.

Why "Indian" Ethos? Aren't ethics inWhy "Indian" Ethos? Aren't ethics in

Business universal?Business universal?

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Certainly not.Certainly not.

Management is behavioral scienceManagement is behavioral science

and it has to be culture specific.and it has to be culture specific.

IEM has as its basis the culture baseIEM has as its basis the culture base

of India, and as a country whoseof India, and as a country whose

culture has its roots in religionculture has its roots in religion -- itit

does draw its lessons from thedoes draw its lessons from the

religions of the landreligions of the land -- be it Hinduism,be it Hinduism,

Buddhism, or any other.Buddhism, or any other.

Is IEM some kind ofHindu conceptIs IEM some kind ofHindu concept

of management?of management?

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IEM concept of recognising the potential isIEM concept of recognising the potential is

fine, but the ground reality is that people arefine, but the ground reality is that people are

unwilling to work?????unwilling to work?????

The Mahabharata talks of 4The Mahabharata talks of 4--typestypes

of dealing with people: Saamof dealing with people: Saam

(treating equally),(treating equally),

daan (rewarding),daan (rewarding),

bhed (discrimination)bhed (discrimination)

dand (punishment).dand (punishment).

One has to judiciously use one ofOne has to judiciously use one of

these methods in dealing withthese methods in dealing with

people.people.

According to our scripturesAccording to our scriptures

people are oriented towards 3people are oriented towards 3character sets:character sets:

Tamasik (the simpleton),Tamasik (the simpleton),

Rajasik (the forceful/ambitious)Rajasik (the forceful/ambitious)

Satwik (the wise).Satwik (the wise).

This is how do we conduct theseThis is how do we conduct these

4 types of transactions with the 34 types of transactions with the 3

character sets.character sets.

An example on how oneAn example on how one

can work with onescan work with ones

subordinatessubordinates

Method Tamasik Rajasik Satwik

Saam Guide InformConsult

Daan Reward Empower Recognize

Bhed Criticize Challenge Silence

Dand Control Warn Monitor

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Indian Management does not preachIndian Management does not preach

morality.morality.

The problem is how to implement goodThe problem is how to implement goodvalues in real life and yet become avalues in real life and yet become a

great achiever.great achiever.

IEM teaches how good values payIEM teaches how good values pay

better dividends, how honesty helps tobetter dividends, how honesty helps togrow in industry and business, howgrow in industry and business, how

cooperation and not competition couldcooperation and not competition could

be a better growth strategy.be a better growth strategy.

Will moral education in the name ofWill moral education in the name of

Indian Management help to changeIndian Management help to change

the situation?the situation?

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What is ETHOS???What is ETHOS???

Its originated from Greek Language,Its originated from Greek Language,

called as called as EthicosEthicos

Meaning as perOxford Dictionary:Meaning as perOxford Dictionary:The characteristic spirit of a culture,The characteristic spirit of a culture,

era, or community as manifested inera, or community as manifested in

its attitudes and aspirations.its attitudes and aspirations.

In Latin language it is called asIn Latin language it is called as

EthicusEthicus

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ContCont

Charact

er of a

man

Conduc

t of a

person

Series

of

actions

Good/Bad,Right/Wrong

,

Moral/Immor

al

Moral

Standar

ds

By which we can

judge again

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Ethics is a set of standards, or aEthics is a set of standards, or a

code, or value system, worked ourcode, or value system, worked our

from human reason and experience,from human reason and experience,by which free human actions areby which free human actions are

determined as ultimately right ordetermined as ultimately right or

wrong, good or evil.wrong, good or evil.

If an action agrees with thisIf an action agrees with thisstandards, it is ethical; if it does notstandards, it is ethical; if it does not

agree, it is unethical.agree, it is unethical.

DDefinition ofE

thicsefinition ofE

thics

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IntroductionIntroduction Ethos is related to part of theEthos is related to part of the

psyche of the community.psyche of the community.

It is related to theIt is related to the behaviourbehaviour

that is normal, spontaneous andthat is normal, spontaneous and

unplanned.unplanned.

When we are imbibingWhen we are imbibingsomething in the deepest regionsomething in the deepest region

of our heart it becomes a part ofof our heart it becomes a part of

our ethos.our ethos.

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ContCont

It results from values, beliefs,It results from values, beliefs,

lessons that are withinlessons that are within

individuals.individuals.

Various kinds of experiences weVarious kinds of experiences we

are facing day to day lifeare facing day to day life

Based on customs andBased on customs andtraditions.traditions.

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Indian management conceptsIndian management concepts

are based on theare based on the vedasvedas, the, the

upanishadsupanishads and theand the bhagwadbhagwadgitagita..

These books have universalThese books have universal

appeal andappeal and acceptablesacceptables all theall thetime to come.time to come.

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Indian ethos is not a religion.Indian ethos is not a religion.

Various component have beenVarious component have been

extracted from these books thatextracted from these books that

even 21even 21stst centurys managementcenturys management

consultants are emphasizing toconsultants are emphasizing to

practice.practice. Emphasizing on selfEmphasizing on self

managementmanagement

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PRINCIPLES OFPRINCIPLES OF INDIANINDIAN

ETHOSETHOS

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Who are you?Who are you?

AyamAyam AtmaAtma BrahmaBrahma-- all of us areall of us are

part of the one self part of the one self paramparam

brahmabrahma or supreme or supremeconsciousness.consciousness.

Divine qualitiesDivine qualities--integrity,integrity,

loyalty, forgiveness, yoga spirit,loyalty, forgiveness, yoga spirit,service attitudeservice attitude

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HamsaHamsa sohamsoham,, sohamsoham hamsahamsa--II

am He, He is meam He, He is me

Immense potential to grow &Immense potential to grow &

developdevelop

One can attain all his desires inOne can attain all his desires in

his lifehis life

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Individual developmentIndividual development

Individual as central focusIndividual as central focus--

foundation according to Indianfoundation according to Indian

ethosethos

Manager should know himselfManager should know himself--

strengths, weakness, desires,strengths, weakness, desires,

dreams, goals, ambitionsdreams, goals, ambitions For right perspective of anyFor right perspective of any

situationsituation self management &self management &

self introspection is essentialself introspection is essential

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Transform to be a better humanTransform to be a better human

beingbeing

Not only skill development, butNot only skill development, but

also develop in such manneralso develop in such manner

that persons inner self andthat persons inner self and

spiritual life can also grow.spiritual life can also grow. Manager should manage himselfManager should manage himself

before managing a team.before managing a team.

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SelfSelf--Management &Management &

SelfSelf--developmentdevelopment Self management deals withSelf management deals with

human conduct which ishuman conduct which is

voluntary and not forced byvoluntary and not forced bypersons or circumstances.persons or circumstances.

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Mahatma Gandhi said severalMahatma Gandhi said several

things destroy us, they arethings destroy us, they are--

Wealth without workWealth without work

Knowledge without characterKnowledge without character

Commerce without moralityCommerce without morality

Science without humanityScience without humanity

Religion without sacrifice

Religion without sacrifice

Politics without principlesPolitics without principles

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Related to developing thoseRelated to developing those

inner divine qualities which areinner divine qualities which are

lying dormant within uslying dormant within us -- SatwikSatwikqualitiesqualities

Emphasizes on self disciplineEmphasizes on self discipline

To accept responsibility forTo accept responsibility forones own rise & fall & not toones own rise & fall & not to

blame external circumstancesblame external circumstances

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Develop value based personalityDevelop value based personality

with combination of spiritualismwith combination of spiritualism

& materialism, knowledge && materialism, knowledge &wisdom, that will create anwisdom, that will create an

excellent personalityexcellent personality

Transform fromTransform fromtamasiktamasik(negative traits) to(negative traits) to

satwiksatwik

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Holistic approachHolistic approach

towards lifetowards life Indian management emphasizes thatIndian management emphasizes that

individual need to have systemindividual need to have system

approach towards organizationapproach towards organization Look at things from othersLook at things from others

perspectiveperspective

Behave in the same way we areBehave in the same way we areexpecting from othersexpecting from others

Generates coGenerates co--operation & team spiritoperation & team spirit

& positive energy& positive energy

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SevaSeva or Service attitudeor Service attitude

Organizations should be serviceOrganizations should be service

oriented instead of profitoriented instead of profit

orientedoriented

It should provide best service toIt should provide best service to

all their stakeholders,all their stakeholders,

customerscustomers--internal & externalinternal & external Serve your customers as if youServe your customers as if you

are providing service to the Godare providing service to the God

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Work fearlesslyWork fearlessly

AsAs RabindranathRabindranath Tagore wrote:Tagore wrote:

Where the mind is without fearWhere the mind is without fear

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SelfSelf--sacrifiessacrifies

Emphasizes on spirit ofEmphasizes on spirit of sacrifiessacrifies

and renunciationand renunciation

IshtanbhoganhiIshtanbhoganhi vovo devadeva asyanteasyante

bahvitahabahvitaha: profit sharing at the: profit sharing at the

same time fulfilling socialsame time fulfilling social

responsibilityresponsibility Individuals must be ready toIndividuals must be ready to

sacrifice themselves for thesacrifice themselves for the

sake of otherssake of others

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Team spiritTeam spirit

YajnaYajna symbolisessymbolises team workteam work

All the community membersAll the community members

offer their efforts for a commonoffer their efforts for a common

goal.goal.

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Team spirit

Healthy working

atmosphere

Quality service

Higher productivity

level

High rate of growth,

higher profitability

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Present momentPresent moment

One should always think aboutOne should always think about

the present moment becausethe present moment because

whatever happened in the pastwhatever happened in the pastwe can not change and what iswe can not change and what is

going to happen in future we aregoing to happen in future we are

not aware of it.not aware of it. Future depends on the presentFuture depends on the present

actions to some extentactions to some extent

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Perfection in the workPerfection in the work

Emphasizes on Excellence ofEmphasizes on Excellence of

workwork

Focus & give our best efforts toFocus & give our best efforts to

attain perfectionattain perfection

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NiskamaNiskama KarmaKarma

Individuals have right to do theirIndividuals have right to do their

duty, but never have right onduty, but never have right on

their outcomes of the actiontheir outcomes of the action

Today, in an org, employee mustToday, in an org, employee must

concentrate on his work for theconcentrate on his work for the

sake of work itself & not forsake of work itself & not forpromotions, increments, name &promotions, increments, name &

famefame

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BhagavadBhagavad GitaGita also emphasizesalso emphasizes

while doing our duty we shouldwhile doing our duty we should

use our judgments and performuse our judgments and performwith utmost concentrationwith utmost concentration

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Self motivationSelf motivation

One need to be self motivatedOne need to be self motivated

personperson

There should not be anyThere should not be any

difference between who is he &difference between who is he &

what he is doing now?what he is doing now?

Work should be like worshipWork should be like worship

Love the work & performLove the work & perform

wholeheartedlywholeheartedly

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Dignity of workDignity of work

Indian ethos lays stress onIndian ethos lays stress on

sarvabhutasthasarvabhutastha

AtmanamAtmanam sarvabhutanisarvabhutani

chatmanichatmani-- to treat all as equalsto treat all as equals

Must respect the individualsMust respect the individuals

who works with integrity & totalwho works with integrity & totaldedicationdedication

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Ends do not justifyEnds do not justify

meansmeans EndsEnds-- profit makingprofit making

MeansMeans-- methods & processesmethods & processes

ArjunaArjuna has said inhas said in MahabhartaMahabharta

that poverty is a sinthat poverty is a sin

Businessman shouldBusinessman should makemake

profit, But ETHICALLYprofit, But ETHICALLY

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Creator & CreationCreator & Creation

Emphasizes that subjectivity &Emphasizes that subjectivity &

objectivity has equal importanceobjectivity has equal importance

CreatorCreator i.ei.e God is subjectiveGod is subjective

CreationCreation i.ei.e our body, senses,our body, senses,

intellect is objectiveintellect is objective

IntangibleIntangible-- ethical values &ethical values &

qualitiesqualities

TangibleTangible-- inputs & resourcesinputs & resources

required for productionrequired for production

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Day to Day lifeDay to Day life--AA

Balanced LifeBalanced Life Close inter relation betweenClose inter relation between

spiritual & material life ofspiritual & material life of

human beinghuman being

Without profit & wealth bothWithout profit & wealth both

virtue & desire can not be wonvirtue & desire can not be won--

MahabharataMahabharata

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Spiritual centreSpiritual centre i.ei.e our innerour inner

core being is the source ofcore being is the source of

wisdom which influence us towisdom which influence us todeal with others withdeal with others with

compassion, love,compassion, love, undestandingundestanding

& empathy& empathy

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chakrabatchakrabat paribartanteparibartante sukhanisukhani

cha,cha, dukahnidukahni chacha WiseWise

manager never gets affected bymanager never gets affected bypleasure or painpleasure or pain

BhagavadBhagavad gitagita emphasizes onemphasizes on

dettachmentdettachment & self& self realisationrealisation

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Bliss(Bliss(AnandaAnanda))

It means attainment of eternalIt means attainment of eternal

happinesshappiness

Becomes a detached spectatorBecomes a detached spectator

Nothing can disturb his innerNothing can disturb his inner

soul, ever ready to sacrifice,soul, ever ready to sacrifice,

then he reaches at the stage ofthen he reaches at the stage ofMokhaMokha

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Maslows needMaslows need hirarchyhirarchy

Self

actualisation

Self esteem

Love & belongingness

Safety & security

Physiological needs

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Indian managementIndian management

theorytheory

Moksha

Dharma

Karma

Artha

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Ideas and thoughts ofIdeas and thoughts of

Indian Ethos inIndian Ethos in

ManagementManagement

Revealed by our ancientRevealed by our ancient

scripturesscriptures

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AtmanoAtmano MoksharthamMokshartham,,

JagatJagat hitayahitaya chacha All work is an opportunity forAll work is an opportunity for

doing good to the world and thusdoing good to the world and thus

gaining materially and spirituallygaining materially and spirituallyin our livesin our lives

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ArchetArchet danadana manabhyammanabhyam

Worship people not only withWorship people not only with

material things but also bymaterial things but also by

showing respect to theirshowing respect to theirenterprising divinity within.enterprising divinity within.

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AtmanaAtmana VindyateVindyate ViryamViryam

Strength andinspiration forStrength andinspiration for

excelling in work comes fromexcelling in work comes from

the Divine, God within, throughthe Divine, God within, throughprayer, spiritual readings andprayer, spiritual readings and

unselfish work.unselfish work.

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YogahYogah karmashukarmashu

KaushalamKaushalam,, SamatvamSamatvam

yogayogauchyateuchyate

Hewho works with calmandHewho works with calmand

even mind achieves themost.even mind achieves themost.

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YadishiYadishi bhavanabhavanayasyayasya

siddh

is

iddh

i bhavat

ibhavat

itadr

ish

itadr

ish

i::

As we think, so we succeed, soAs we think, so we succeed, so

we becomewe become

Attention to means ensures theAttention to means ensures the

end.end.

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ParasparamParasparam bhavayantahbhavayantah

shreyahshreyah paramparam

bhavapsyathahbhavapsyathah

By mutual cooperation, respectBy mutual cooperation, respect

and fellow feeling, all of us enjoyand fellow feeling, all of us enjoythehighest good bothmaterialthehighest good bothmaterial

and spiritual.and spiritual.

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TeshamTeshamsukhmsukhm teshamtesham

shan

ti

shan

tis

hasw

at

is

hasw

at

i

Infinitehappiness and infiniteInfinitehappiness and infinite

peace come to them who seepeace come to them who see

the Divineinall beings.the Divineinall beings.

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ParasparParaspar DevoDevo BhavBhav::

Regard theotherperson as aRegard theotherperson as a

divine being. All of us have thedivine being. All of us have thesame consciousness thoughoursame consciousness thoughour

packages and containers arepackages and containers are

different.different.