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On the spot

Give sb an extension/got an extension of time to do sth

Out of printFarewell party/gift/speech, bid/say farewell to sb

Heat up & cool down

Expand & contractStick a postage stamp on an envelope

In the hands of sb = in sbs hands

The matter is now in the hands of my lawyer. At that time, the castle was in enemyhands.

I would like to is common way of beginning a letter in many situations e.g.

complaining, applying for a job, asking for information. It is also possible to say: I am

writing to Thank you for your letter.

I would like to complain about

As you requested, I enclose

I would be greatful if you would Thank you for your attention in (to) this matter.

If you would like any more information, please do not hesitate to contact me.We refer to your order/ letter/ call of

Be (ready) in two minds about

It is often said thatBe the key to sth

From the cradle to the grave; from the cradle

Push back the frontiers of science (= to increase knowledge of science)

Non-stick Teflon frying panGet away from it all (informal): to have a short holiday / vacation in a place where you

can relaxRun on oilBe as different as chalk and/from cheese

Slaughter = massacre (n,v) (slaughterer = massacrer)

A and B differ (from each other) | A differs from B: to be different from sb/sthdiffer (with sb) (about / on / over sth): to disagree with sb

differentiate (between) A and B | differentiate A (from B): to recognize or show that two

things are not the same = distinguish

differentiate sth (from sth): to be the particular thing that shows that things or people arenot the same = distinguish. The males yellow beak differentiates it from the female

contrast (A and / with B): to compare two things in order to show the differences between

themIt is interesting to contrast the British legal system with the American one. The poem

contrasts youth and age.

contrast (with sth) to show a clear difference when close together or when compared:Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. Her actions and her promises

contrasted sharply.

discriminate (against sb) | discriminate (in favour of sb): to treat one person or group

worse / better than another in an unfair way

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practices that discriminate against women and in favour of men It is illegal to

discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.

discriminate (between A and B) | discriminate A from B to recognize that there is adifference between people or things; to show a difference between people or things

The computer program was unable to discriminate between letters and numbers.

Identical (to / with sb/sth): similar in every detailthe identical [only before noun]: the same

This is the identical room we stayed in last year.

have sth in common (with sb)(of people) to have the same interests, ideas, etc. as sb elsehave sth in common (with sth)(of things, places, etc.) to have the same features,

characteristics, etc.

-tasting(adj):sweet-tasting, fresh-tasting(c v mt), spicy-tasting

Flavor sth with sth: to flavour soup with onionsHumidity: he amount of water in the air

high / low humidity 70% humidity

Rainfall: the total amount of rain that falls in a particular area in a particular amount of

time; an occasion when rain fallsThere has been below average rainfall this month. an average annual rainfall of 10 cm

To live beyond/within one's meansBeast/bird of prey

Without exception

Take exception to sth: to be angry about sthGet/ be stale

Conceal(formal) sb/sth from sb/sth, conceal the fact that

Tremble with fear/cold/excitement

At dusk, at dawnWell-lit, badly-lit

Obsess sb, be obsessed by/with sth/so

Seek to do sth = try to do sthcount (for sth) (not used in the progressive tenses): to be important = matter

Every point in this game counts. The fact that she had apologized counted for nothing

with him. Its the thought that counts (= used about a small but kind action or gift).knowledge without common sense counts for little

Visual/ sensory/ verbal stimuli

Sexually transmitted diseases

Sense(v): become aware of sth even though you can not hear it or see itSensing danger, they started to run. [v] Thomas, she sensed, could convince anyone of

anything. [v (that)] Lisa sensed that he did not believe her.

Echolocation(n): he use of reflected sound waves for finding things, especially bycreatures such as dolphins and bats

Bark at sth, bark at the moon.

Death toll: the number of people killed in an accident, a war or an disaster