Deepali Godha, David Hotchkiss, and Anastasia Gage Tulane University
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Transcript of IEEE Standards, FDDI, Collision Free Protocols Taranum Shaikh-45 Samidha Rane-40 Deepali Patil-34...
![Page 1: IEEE Standards, FDDI, Collision Free Protocols Taranum Shaikh-45 Samidha Rane-40 Deepali Patil-34 Priyanka Warekar-57.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051018/56649e245503460f94b13254/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IEEE Standards,FDDI,
Collision Free Protocols
Taranum Shaikh-45
Samidha Rane-40
Deepali Patil-34
Priyanka Warekar-57
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IEEESTANDARDS
802.3
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The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) publish widely accepted LAN- recommened standards
IEEE 802
IEEE 802.1 (Inter-
networking)
IEEE 802.2 (LLC)
IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet CSMA/CD)
IEEE 802.4 (Token Bus)
IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring)
IEEE 802.6 ( DQDB )
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ETHERNET : IEEE 802.3
To fully understand IEEE802.3 standard , it is important to understand where it fits in a layered design and how it relates to other topics.
Network operations mainly performed on lowest 3 layers of OSI model.
The Data Link Layer perform services for the network layer & assumes the existence of the physical layer.
The DDL is responsible for accurate communication between 2 nodes in a n/w.
This involves frame formats, error checking and flow control.
DDL further divided into 2 sublayers:1. Logical Link control(LLC)2. Medium Access Control(MAC)
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Network Layer
LLC
MAC
Physical Layer
IEEE 802.2 standard
Data link layer
IEEE 802.2 standard
Fig. Data Link Layer refinement
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MEDIUM ACCESS SUBLAYER
1. Pure Aloha
2. Slotted Aloha
3. Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
4. CSMA with Collision Detection
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IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD)
The best known scheme for controlling a LAN on bus structure is CSMA/CD.
Many people incorrectly use the name ‘Ethernet’ to refer all CSMA/CD protocols,even though it really refers to a specific product that implements 802.3 stds.
ETHERNET: - It is a type of cabling & signaling specification - It uses a cable sharing process called CSMA/CD.- The media access protocols deal with the data collisions that can occur
when different nodes on the n/w attempt to send the data at the same time.
Advantages: # Inexpensive way to get highspeed upto 100 Mbps.# Supports various wiring technologies.# Easy to install
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DLL provides the logic to control the CSMA/CD network. Its functions are: - Data Encapsulation / Decapculation: It provides source & destination address . Keeps track of error detection & error correction field.
- Media Access Mgmt .: It transmits frame into physical layer & receives from it. It provides buffers to frame.
- Data Encoding / Decoding: At transmitting side it encodes binary data stream to self clocking code. At receiver side, it decodes to binary code.- Channel Access : Senses a carrier on channel indicating channel status. Detects collision on channel on transmission station.
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Fig. Table IEEE 802.3 Cable Standards
Medium option
Transmission Media
Signaling Technique
Data rate (Mbp)
Max. seg. Length(m)
1 10Base5 Coaxial Cable Baseband (Manchester)
10 500
2 10Base2 “ “ “ “ 10 185
3 10Base5 Unshielded Twisted pair
“ “ 1 250
4 10BaseT “ “ “ “ 10 100
5 10Broad36 Coaxial Cable Broadband (DPSK)
10 3600
6 10BaseF Fiber optics Baseband 10 2000
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Format of IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD frame
SFD DA SA length LLC data pad FCSpreamble
Preamble:7-octet pattern of alternating 0 and 1’sSFD:start frame delimeterDA:destination addressLength:length of LLC data fieldLLC Data:data unit supplied by LLCPad:octets added to ensure that the frame is of size appropriate for CD operationFCS:frame check sequence
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IEEESTANDARDS
802.4
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IEEE STANDARD 802.4:TOKEN BUS
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TOKEN BUS
• LAN standards
• Arranged in a logical ring
• Highest numbered station may send the first frame
• Passes permission to its immediate neighbor
• Used a special control frame called token
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90 50 120
400
75
PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
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50
75
90120
400
LOGICAL SEQUNCE OF TOKEN PROCESSING
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TOKEN BUS FRAME FORMAT
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IEEESTANDARDS
802.5
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IEEE STANDARD 802.5-TOKEN RING
• Token ring – a number of stations connected by transmission links in a ring topology.
Information flows in one direction along the ring from source to destination and back to source.
– Medium access control is provided by a small frame, the token, that circulates around the ring when all stations are idle. Only the station possessing the token is allowed to transmit at any given time.
Fig: A Ring Network
Unidirectional ring
Stations
Ringinterface
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Token Ring Operation
• Token Passing Method– When any station wants to send the frame , it seizes the token & transmit
the frame to intended station.
• Priority and Reservation– Station which wants to transmit the frame may reserve the token by
entering its priority code in Access Control(AC) field of the token or data frame
• Time Boundation– For each station, the token holding time is 10 milliseconds.
• The Monitor Station– Monitor Station sets the timer on– If the token does not regenerate in the allotted time , it is assumed to be
lost & then monitor station generates a new token.
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Wire Center
Bypass relay
Fig: 4 Stations Connected via Wire Center
Wire Center• Token ring has one difficulty that all stations have to be ON for
passing token.• This problem is solved using Wire Center
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IEEE 802.5-Token Ring Frame FormatToken Frame Format
• SD - Starting Delimiter• AC - Access Control
– Four subfields• Priority bit field• Token bit field• Monitor bit field• Reservation bit field
• ED - Ending Delimiter
SD AC ED
1 1 1
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Data Frame Format
• FC Frame Control– Consist of two bit fields
• First bit indicates type of information• Remaining seven bits contains information about token ring logic
• Destination address & Source Address– Consists of physical address
• Data– Contains data to transfer
• Checksum– Used to detect errors
• FS – Frame Status
SD AC FC Destination Address
Source Address Data Checksum ED FS
~ ~~ ~
1 1 1 2 or 6 2 or 6 No limit 4 1 1
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IEEESTANDARDS
802.6
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IEEE STANDARD 802.6-DISTRIBUTED QUEUE BUS (DQDB) MAN
• DQDB specification designed to be used in MAN• Architecture of DQDB
1 2 3 N
Bus A
Bus B
Direction of flow on Bus A
Direction of flow on Bus BHeadend
Headend
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FDDI
FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE
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+
FDDI Network that Data flows
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Same Network after the station has failed
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FDDI Frame Format
Preamble
Destination Address
Source Address
Data Checksum
Byte
>= 8 2 or 6
No limit2 or 6
4 11
Frame control
Starting Delimiter
Frame Status
Ending Delimiter
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• Preamble:-Preamble field is 8 bytes long. It is used to synchronize the
receiver’s clock with sender’s clock.• Starting Delimiter(SD) and Ending Delimiter(ED):
- The starting delimiter and ending delimiter fields mark the frame boundaries.
• Frame Control -FC field defines the frame type (whether data or control frame).
• Destination Address(DA) and Source Address(SA):-DA and SA fields are 2 bytes or 6 bytes or 6 bytes of length and
both are same as ……• Data • Checksum
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COLLISION FREE PROTOCOLS
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Collision Free Protocols
Bit-Map Protocol Binary Countdown
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A Bit- map protocol
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 Contention Slots
Frames
8 Contention Slots
Frames
1 11 1 3 7 1 511
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A Bit- map protocol
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 1 1 11 0 1 2 3 5 7
d
N slots
N/2 slots
• Reservation protocols.• Low numbered station must wait on average 1.5N slots.• At low loads only d/(d+N) efficient.
• High numbered station must wait on average 0.5N slots.• At high loads d/(d+1) efficient.
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Binary Countdown
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
Station
0 1 2 3
Bit Time
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1 0
Result 1 0 1 0
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• It was used in data kit.
• Higher numberes station have higher priority.
• The channel efficiency is d/(d+ log2N)
Binary Countdown
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• Mok and Ward(1979)– Variation of binary countdown using parallel
interface– Virtual station numbers
Binary Countdown
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Station
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Priority
Station
Priority 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
C H D A G B E F
C H A G B E F D
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