IEEE Phoenix Waves and Devices Chapter 2012 Technical ... · device, in this case the SiGe HBT,...

IEEE Phoenix Waves and Devices Chapter 2012 Technical Workshop on

Millimeter Wave to Terahertz Devices and Technologies Friday, April 27, 2012, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm University Club, Arizona State University

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Information for Attendees:

• Please see University Club staff for the passcode to exit the University Club parking lot.

• ASU Guest Wi-Fi available



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Workshop Program Agenda



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Workshop Sponsorship

This workshop is made possible in part by support from the following organizations:

CORPORATE SPONSORS

IEEE SPONSORS

TECHNICAL SPONSORS

Antennas & Propagation PHOENIX SECTION



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Topic # 1

GHz and THz Spectrum Policy Issues – Coexisting With Scientific Uses

Speaker Information:

Dr. Michael Marcus Associate Chief for Technology FCC (retired) Director, Marcus Spectrum Solutions, LLC and Adjunct Professor, Virginia Tech [email protected]

Speaker Biography:

Michael Marcus received his S.B. and Sc.D. degrees in electrical engineering from MIT. Prior to joining the FCC in 1979, he worked at Bell Labs on the theory of telephone switching, served in the Air Force where he was involved in underground nuclear test detection research, and analyzed electronic warfare issues at the Institute for Defense Analyses. At FCC his work focused on proposing and developing policies for cutting edge radio technologies such as spread spectrum/CDMA and millimeter waves. Wi-Fi is one outcome of his early leadership. He also participated in complex spectrum sharing policy formulation involving rulemakings such as ultrawideband and MVDDS. He retired from FCC in March 2004 after servicing a senior technical advisor to the Spectrum Policy Task Force and codirecting the preparation of the FCC’s cognitive radio rulemaking. He is now Director of Marcus Spectrum Solutions LLC, an independent consulting firm based in the Washington DC area and focusing on wireless technology and policy. He is also Adjunct Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Tech. Recognized as a Fellow of the IEEE “for leadership in the development of spectrum management policies” and he also received IEEE-USA’s first Electrotechnology Transfer Award (1994).

Presentation Abstract:

While there are no present licensed or unlicensed spectrum uses above 94 GHz, there are frequency allocations up to 275 GHz for passive uses such as remote sensing and radio astronomy. In addition action at the recent World Radio Conference gives some protection to such scientific uses up to 3 THz. Fortunately, the scientific users have indicated an interest to explore "cooperative spectrum sharing" in these regions. This talk will explore the regulatory status and reality of GHz and THz spectrum as well as options for constructive engagement between prospective active users and the passive users in the scientific community.



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Topic # 2

Trends in Millimeter Wave Point to Point Radio Technology and Markets


MMrr.. DDoouugg LLoocckkiiee PPrreessiiddeenntt,, EEnnddggaattee AAssssoocciiaatteess ddoouugg..lloocckkiiee@@ggmmaaiill..ccoomm

Speaker Biography:

Doug Lockie is a Silicon Valley based consultant working in the area of millimeter wave cognitive radio design and manufacture. He is a serial entrepreneur having co-founded Pacific Monolithics, Endwave and Gigabeam. He is presently consulting for IDT Spectrum, a licensee of 28 GHz and 38 GHz nationwide spectrum footprints. Mr. Lockie has authored 12 patents in the areas of high data rate radio and satellite communication hardware, and has worked extensively with the FCC on LMDS and millimeter wave spectrum rulemakings. He earned a BSEE from Montana State University in 1969 and served as an officer in the USAF from 1969 to 1976.


We review the markets and technologies from 20 GHz to 200 GHz as applicable for point to point radio communications links. Metropolitan Ethernet, satellite, backhaul and local access examples are presented. Progress in silicon RF, GaAs, and GaN semiconductor circuits as related to high data rate communications is also reviewed. Finally, the suppliers, users and spectrum owners are reviewed.



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Topic # 3

WiGig: The evolution of multigigabit connectivity


DDrr.. AAllii SSaaddrrii President/Chairman of WiGig Alliance Director of the Intel Mobile Wireless Group aallii..ss..ssaaddrrii@@iinntteell..ccoomm

Speaker Biography:

Dr. Ali Sadri is the president and chairman of the board of WiGig Alliance and Director of the Intel Mobile Wireless Group; WPAN and mmWave standards and technology. His expertise is in Wireless Communications theory, channel modeling, power control, beamforming, and adaptive modulation techniques. He holds more than 20 issued patents in communications and wireless technologies.

Presentation Abstract: The widespread availability and use of digital multimedia has created a need for faster wireless connectivity that current commercial standards cannot support. This has driven demand for a single standard that can support advanced applications such as wireless display and docking, as well as more established usages such as network access. The Wireless Gigabit (WiGig) Alliance was formed to meet this need by establishing a unified specification for wireless communication at multi-gigabit speeds. The WiGig MAC and PHY Specification enables data rates up to 7 Gbps, more than 10 times the speed of the fastest Wi-Fi networks based on IEEE 802.11n. It operates in the unlicensed 60 GHz band, which has much more spectrum available than the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands used by existing Wi-Fi products. This allows wider channels that support faster transmission speeds. The WiGig specification is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, which is at the core of hundreds of millions of Wi-Fi products deployed worldwide. The specification includes native support for Wi-Fi over 60 GHz; new devices with tri-band radios will be able to seamlessly integrate into existing 2.4 and 5 GHz Wi-Fi networks. The specification enables a broad range of advanced uses, including wireless docking and connection to displays, as well as virtually instantaneous wireless backups, synchronization and file transfers between computers and handheld devices. For the first time, consumers will be able to create a complete computing and consumer electronics experience without wires.



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Topic # 4

Advanced SiGe BiCMOS Process Technologies for Millimeter-Wave Applications


Dr. Ed Preisler DDiirreeccttoorr ooff TTeecchhnnoollooggyy DDeevveellooppmmeenntt,, TToowweerrJJaazzzz SSeemmiiccoonndduuccttoorr EEddwwaarrdd..PPrreeiisslleerr@@ttoowweerrjjaazzzz..ccoomm

Speaker Biography:

Edward received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from U.C. San Diego in 1998 and a Ph.D in Applied Physics from Caltech in 2003 with a thesis that focused on antimonide semiconductors for optoelectronics. After graduating he served as a post-doctoral researcher at the IBM T.J. Watson research lab working on crystalline oxides and high-K gate dielectrics. He joined Jazz Semiconductor in 2004 and is now responsible for the development of new BiCMOS technologies at TowerJazz. He is a member of the ITRS wireless roadmap bipolar device committee and the chair of the IEEE BCTM process technology subcommittee.


Advances in silicon-based RF device technology have enabled circuit designers to build mm-wave circuits with performance that rivals that of III-V technologies. Two silicon-based technologies are currently competing at these frequencies; SiGe BiCMOS and RFCMOS. In this talk advanced SiGe BiCMOS platforms will be discussed with a focus on mm-wave applications. First, the suitability of the key gain device, in this case the SiGe HBT, will be discussed. A state-of-the-art platform featuring an HBT with FT of 240 GHz, FMAX of 280 GHz and NFMIN of 2dB at 50 GHz is presented. A major advantage of silicon-based mm-wave technologies is the availability of other RF circuit components monolithically integrated onto the same chip such as varactors, p-i-n diodes and low-inductance grounding; these components are thus also discussed in some detail. Finally, several examples of measurements up to 100 GHz and beyond of circuits built in this technology are reported.



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Topic # 5

Sensing, Detection and Imaging using Millimeter-wave and THz CMOS ICs


Dr. Bhaskar Banerjee Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas bbhhaasskkaarr..bbaanneerrjjeeee@@uuttddaallllaass..eedduu

Speaker Biography:

Bhaskar Banerjee is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas, and is a member of the SRC Texas Analog Center of Excellence (TxACE). He received his B. Tech. degree in Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering with honors from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in 2001, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, in 2003 and 2006, respectively. His research interests include radio frequency (RF), microwave and millimeter-wave circuits using CMOS for high-speed and low power wireless communications, sensing and imaging. Previously he has worked at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, National Semiconductor Corporation, and Texas Instruments Asia Development Center (India).


The mm-wave and sub-THz frequency bands hold enormous potential for high speed multi-Gb/s communications as well as sensing and imaging applications. With the tremendous leap in the operating frequencies for scaled CMOS, it becomes the technology of choice for highly integrated solutions for many of these applications, enabling to lower area, power and cost. The talk focus on developing the integrated circuits for gas absorption spectrometer, operating in the 180 - 300 GHz band, using standard scaled CMOS technology. The overall system for gas sensing, the key challenges and proposed architecture and circuit techniques will be presented. The techniques developed will be further extended for developing solutions for mm-wave imaging and the trade-offs and challenges will be explored.



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Topic # 6

Recent Developments in SiGe and CMOS Phased Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Applications


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Speaker Biography:

Gabriel M. Rebeiz is the Wireless Communications Industry Chair Professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, San Diego. Prior to this appointment, he was at the University of Michigan from 1988 to 2004. He received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology. He has contributed to planar mm-wave and THz antennas and imaging arrays from 1988-1996. His group has optimized the dielectric-lens antennas, which is the most widely used antenna at mm-wave and THz frequencies. Prof. Rebeiz’ group also developed 6-18 and 40-50 GHz 8 and 16 element phased arrays on a single silicon chip, and the first mm-wave silicon passive imager chip at 85-105 GHz. His group also demonstrated high-Q RF MEMS tunable filters at 1-6 GHz and the new angular-based RF MEMS capacitive and high-power high-reliability RF MEMS metal-contact switches. Prof. Rebeiz is an IEEE Fellow, the 2003 IEEE MTTS Distinguished Young Engineer, and is the recipient of the IEEE MTT 2000 Microwave Prize, the IEEE MTT 2010 Distinguished Educator Award and the 2011 IEEE APS John D. Kraus Antenna Award. He has been an Associate Editor of IEEE MTT, and a Distinguished Lecturer for IEEE MTT, IEEE AP, and IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society.


The talk will present the phased array effort at UCSD. We have been working in this area since 2002 and have developed state-of-the-art chips from X-band to W-band, including an 8 element 6-18 GHz phased array receiver, a 16 element Tx/Rx array at 40-50 GHz, and recently, a 9-element and a 16-element wafer-scale phased arrays at 90-100 GHz. The talk will discuss the different phased array architectures, phase shifters choices, and the required packaging to achieve a high-performance design. Other discussion topics will be the use build-in-self-test to drastically reduce the cost of phased array testing and calibration. We will also cover a family of high-efficiency silicon on-chip antennas with > 50% efficiency at 60-120 GHz which are essential for wafer-scale transceiver and phased array integration.



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Topic # 7

THz for body screening: What you see and what you don't Speaker Information:

Dr. Peter Siegel Senior Research Scientist, Caltech/Jet Propulsion Laboratory pphhss@@ccaalltteecchh..eedduu

Speaker Biography:

Peter H. Siegel (BA Colgate 1976, PhD Columbia, 1983, IEEE member since 1975) holds appointments as Faculty Associate in Electrical Engineering and Senior Scientist in Biology at Caltech and Senior Research Scientist and Technical Group Supervisor for Submillimeter Wave Advanced Technology (SWAT) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, CA. He has been working in the areas of millimeter and submillimeter-wave technology and applications for 35 years and has PI’d or co-I’d more than 75 R&D programs and been involved in four major space flight instruments. At JPL, Dr. Siegel founded and led for twenty plus years, a group of two dozen research scientists and engineers developing THz technology for NASA’s near and long term space missions as well as for several DoD applications. At Caltech, Dr. Siegel is involved in new biological and medical applications of THz. Within the IEEE, Dr. Siegel has served as an IEEE Distinguished Microwave Lecturer, co-chair and chair of MTT Committee 4–THz Technology, a TPC and Speaker’s bureau member, and as organizer and chair of seven special sessions on THz at the IEEE International Microwave Symposia. Dr. Siegel’s current interests are split between traditional Earth, planetary and astrophysics applications and new THz applications in medicine and biology. He is extremely pleased to be involved in the formation and launching of the IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology.


THz technology has developed to the point at which we can now begin to use customized-off-the-shelf components to construct near-real time imagers. One of the most widespread applications for this new instrumentation is in the field of security, especially undergarment threat detection. This talk will discuss current techniques in active THz scanning, both to introduce the phenomenology of what we see reflected off the body, as well as the hidden phenomenology of what THz radiation may be stimulating in the body.



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Topic # 8

THz Instrumentation for Astronomy: Ground, Air, and Space


Dr. Chris Walker Associate Professor of Optical Sciences and Electrical Engineering at the University of Arizona. [email protected]

Speaker Biography:

Professor Christopher Walker has over 25 years of experience designing and building receiver systems for THz astronomy. Dr. Walker is a Professor of Astronomy and Associate Professor of Optical Sciences and Electrical Engineering at the University of Arizona. He has worked in industry (TRW Aerospace and JPL) as well as academia. As a Millikan Fellow in Physics at Caltech, he worked on the development of low-noise, SIS waveguide receivers above 400 GHz and explored techniques for etching waveguide out of silicon. On joining the UofA faculty in 1991 he began the Steward Observatory Radio Astronomy Lab (SORAL), which has become a world leader in developing THz receiver systems for astronomy and other remote sensing applications. Prof. Walker has published numerous papers on star formation and protostellar evolution. He has served as dissertation director for nine Ph.D. students and is a Topical Editor for IEEE Transactions on TeraHertz Science and Technology.


Historically, THz technology has been almost exclusively developed and used by a relatively small group (~100) of astronomers, engineers, and physicists to probe conditions around astrophysical objects. However, a new interest in terrestrial remote sensing at THz frequencies has led to an explosion of activity, with the number of active THz researchers increasing by more than an order of magnitude in just a few years. In this presentation we will briefly review the history of THz technology and explore its most recent applications to solving long standing problems concerning the origin of stars, galaxies, and planetary systems like our own.



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Topic # 9

Terahertz focal plane arrays for astrophysics and remote sensing


Dr. Christopher Groppi AAssssiissttaanntt PPrrooffeessssoorr,, AASSUU SScchhooooll ooff EEaarrtthh aanndd SSppaaccee EExxpplloorraattiioonn ccggrrooppppii@@aassuu..eedduu

Speaker Biography:

Christopher E. Groppi received the B.A. degree in astronomy (with honors) from Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, in 1997 and the Ph.D. degree in astronomy with a minor in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Arizona in Tucson, AZ, in 2003. In 2003, he joined the National Radio Astronomy Observatory as a Director’s Postdoctoral Fellow. He then moved to the University of Arizona as an assistant staff astronomer in 2005. In 2006, he received an Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship from the National Science Foundation. In 2009, he joined the Arizona State University School of Earth and Space Exploration in Tempe, AZ as an assistant professor. He is an experimental astrophysicist interested in the process of star and planet formation and the evolution and structure of the interstellar medium. His current research focuses on the design and construction of state of the art terahertz receiver systems optimized to detect the light emitted by molecules and atoms in molecular clouds, the birthplace of stars. He also applies terahertz technology developed for astrophysics to a wide range of other applications including Earth and planetary science remote sensing, hazardous materials detection and applied physics.


Astronomers have been making images of celestial objects in terahertz light for over 40 years. Even with this relatively long history of THz imaging, most THz astronomy facilities have used receivers with a single spatial pixel until recently. In the past 15 years, focal plane array technology has allowed a rapid expansion of THz imaging capabilities for astronomical applications. Today, virtually all astronomical direct detection receiver systems use focal plane array technology. Coherent receivers are fast moving towards the same paradigm. In this talk, I will review THz focal plane array technology and applications for astronomical imaging today, and discuss future directions for THz imaging in astrophysics over the next decade.



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Topic # 10

Terahertz Devices and Device Modeling


Dr. Stephen Goodnick Deputy Director, LightWorks, Professor of Electrical Engineering, ASU [email protected]

Speaker Biography:

Stephen M. Goodnick (M 1987; SM 1990; F 2004) received his Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Colorado State University, Fort Collins, in 1983, respectively. He was an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow with the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, and the University of Modena, Modena, Italy, in 1985 and 1986, respectively. He served as Chair and Professor of Electrical Engineering with Arizona State University, Tempe, from 1996 to 2005. He served as Associate Vice President for Research for Arizona State University from 2006-2008, and presently serves as Deputy Director of ASU Lightworks. Professionally, his currently serving as President (2012-2013) of the IEEE Nanotechnology Council, and as President of IEEE Eta Kappa Nu Electrical and Computer Engineering Honor Society Board of Governors, 2011-2013. He has published over 350 journal articles, books, book chapters, and conference proceeding, and is a Fellow of IEEE (2004) for contributions to carrier transport fundamentals and semiconductor devices.


Research and development in the exploitation sub-millimeter waves (300 GHz to 10 THz) has undergone impressive growth during the last decade, due to the potential technological uses, and its unique location between the microwave (i.e. electronic) domain and the optical one. This ‘THz gap’ is being closed from both sides with long wavelength optical sources and the advent of electronic devices capable of operation at frequencies above 1 THz. In the present talk, we discuss some of the present THz technologies and their applications. We then discuss the physics and modeling of ultra-high frequency high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) which have achieved THz frequencies in terms of operating frequency. We present results of full band Cellular Monte Carlo (CMC) physics based simulation of InGaAs/InAlAs and GaN/AlGaN HEMTs of current interest to industry, the current limitations in their frequency response, as well as prospects for the future.



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Topic # 11

THz Transceivers


Dr. Michael Wanke PPrriinncciippaall MMeemmbbeerr ooff TTeecchhnniiccaall SSttaaffff,, SSaannddiiaa NNaattiioonnaall LLaabboorraattoorriieess mmccwwaannkkee@@ssaannddiiaa..ggoovv

Speaker Biography:

Michael C. Wanke received the B.A. degree (cum laude) in physics and mathematics from Pomona College, Claremont, CA (1992), and the Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of California, Santa Barbara (1998), where he studied the electron dynamics in periodic structures at THz frequencies. In 1998, he joined Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ, as a Postdoctoral Member of the Technical Staff. There he designed and tested mid-infrared (MIR) and terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers. In 2001, he joined Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, as a Senior Member of the Technical Staff in the Photonics Microsystems Technologies Department, and was promoted to Principal Member of Technical Staff in 2004. In 2010 he moved into the Laser, Optics and Remote Sensing Department at Sandia. He continues to develop THz and MIR devices including quantum cascade lasers, THz on-chip waveguides, THz integrated circuits, and heterodyne receivers. More recently he has been team lead developing a near-infrared solid-state laser.


THz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have achieved coherent power and frequency performance previously possible only with much larger gas- or vacuum-tube lasers. Their compact size and competitive performance at frequencies between 1 and 5 THz make them attractive for use in THz systems, especially as the local oscillator for THz heterodyne receivers. Besides being compact, the microelectronic nature of the THz QCLs provides the opportunity to make THz integrated circuits, integrating other devices with QCLs on the same chip to further increase the functionality and shrink the size of THz systems. In this talk I describe the monolithic integration of the Schottky diode mixer into the active region of a THz QCL to create a microelectronic THz transceiver, and will provide some examples of what this integrated device has taught us about QCLs, such as sensitivity to feedback.



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Vendor Contact List

COMPANY MAILING ADDRESS CONTACT PERSON PHONE E-MAIL

MJS Designs 4130 E. Wood Street,

Suite 100 Phoenix, AZ 85040

Betsy Hamilton

602-437-5068 x29

[email protected]

Rogers Corporation

3020 E. Rockledge Rd.

Phoenix, AZ 85048 Dale Doyle

619 938 6179 [email protected]



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Workshop Organizing Committee

Name Affiliation Email

General Co-Chairs:

Steve Rockwell General Dynamics [email protected]

Rudy Emrick Orbital Sciences [email protected]

Technical Committee:

Michael Goryll Arizona State University

Mel Miller Freescale Semiconductor [email protected]

Publicity/Website Committee:

Peter Aaen Freescale Semiconductor [email protected]

Sergio Pacheco Freescale Semiconductor [email protected]

Registration/Finance Committee:

Adel Elsherbini Intel Corp [email protected]

Sayfe Kiaei Arizona State University [email protected]

Special thanks to Margie Creedon of ASU for administrative and programmatic support.



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IEEE Phoenix Waves and Devices Chapter 2012 Technical ... · device, in this case the SiGe HBT,...

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