IEEE 519 92 vs 14

Harmonic and Energy Saving Solutions

Power Quality You Can Trust | Real World Experience | A History of Innovation

Today’s Presenter Al Archambault, Director of Sales MIRUS Interna9onal Inc. •  Over 45 years of VSD applica9ons experience •  Graduate of Ryerson University in Electrical Technology • Worked with Canada Wire and Cable, Klockner Moeller, Canron, Relcon Drives, Siemens, Teco Whes9nghouse and MIRUS Interna9onal Inc.

•  Al has been happily married to Fran for 48 years. Fran and Al have 5 children and 9 grandchildren.

Wed., June 24, 2015 By: Al Archambault 2

2014 IEEE Std. 519 Changes and the Impact on Your Power System Design Consideration

The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location.

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


By: Al Archambault 3 Wed., June 24, 2015

This presenta9on is not an extensive analysis of the differences between the 1992 version and the 2014 version of IEEE 519. It does however aXempt to provide a prac9cal working insight on the differences for design engineers as they specify, install and apply low voltage Adjustable Frequency Drives into electrical systems.

We must remember that IEEE 519 is not an enforceable code. IEEE 519 is a guideline to be used by engineers for power system design considera9ons. Designers must use their experience, along with the IEEE 519 guidance and a liXle common sense when wri9ng specifica9ons involving the installa9on of Adjustable Frequency Drives today.


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

What are harmonics

Quick Review

STANDARD PWM VFD

IGBT ‘S = FAST KNIFE SWITCHES

CONTROL VOLTAGE & FREQUENCY

DIODE BRIDGE


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

Converts 3 phase AC to DC Voltage


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

480 Volts 3 Phase 60 HZ

640 Volts DC

VFD OUTPUT LINE TO LINE VOLTAGE


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

Control PWM paXern to control voltage out To the motor windings

Control the rate of posi9ve and nega9ve half cycles to control frequency

Keep the ra9o of Volts/HZ constant over the opera9ng speed rang

HOW DO WE VARY THE SPEED OF A STANDARD AC MOTOR?

Speed = 120 x f P

Where: P = number of stator poles f = frequency of applied voltage

For example, a 4 pole, 480 Volt, 60 Hz, AC motor has a typical rated speed of : 120 x 60 = 1800 RPM ?

4


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

640 Volts DC

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800Volts

30°

Commutation

The only 9me the instantaneous line voltage ( ) is above the drives’ DC Bus (640) Volts is in the peak region of the sine wave.

800 Volts

Time

90 º

640


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

640 Volts DC

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800Volts

30°

Commutation

The only 9me the instantaneous line voltage ( ) is above the drives’ DC Bus (660) Volts is in the peak region of the sine wave.

800

90 º

640

Volts


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

CAR BATTERY + -‐

BATTERY CHARGER

120 Volts AC INPUT

BATTERY WITH FULL CHARGE = 12.57 Volts

BATTERY CHARGER CHARGING VOLTAGE 14.0 VOLTS

14.0 Volts

12.57 Volts

+ -‐


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

HIGH PEAK VFD INPUT CURRENT CREATES HIGHER I2R STRESSES ON DIODE JUNCTIONS

Short time (2 msec) creates high peak Currents.

DRIVE INPUT VOLTAGE WITHOUT LINEATOR™


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

THD = 35%

5% AC Line Reactor

𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼↑2 *R Losses in conductors And windings

VFD

High Eddy current losses in transformers and generators

Voltage Flat-‐topping Caused by Nonlinear Loads

Ø  Pulsed Current §  Switch-mode draws current only while

capacitor is charging Ø  Voltage Flat-topping

§  Pulsed current creates voltage drop at peak of voltage waveform

Voltage Current

Typical Circuit Diagram of Switch-mode Power Supply

Load

Lls

vac

iac

Rectifier Bridge

Switch-mode dc-to-dc converter

Smoothing Capacitor

Cf


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

Torque ≈ 𝑉↑2  480 Volts 60 HZ

336 Volts 60 HZ

480 Volt, 3 Phase 60 HZ

Must keep the V/HZ ra9o Constant as the Frequency is change to maintain the toque capability of the AC induc9on motors since Torque ≈ 𝑉↑2 

Full Voltage Across The Line Motor

?

?

PWM VFD’S GENERATE NONLINEAR CURRENT

THD(I) = 75%


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

3-‐Phase, 6-‐Pulse Rec?fier

120º 120º

0º 180º 360º

1 2 3 4 5 6

VAN

VBC VBA VCA VCB

VBN VCN

A

B

C

VAB VAB VAC VAC Average DC Bus voltage (1.414 x VRMS less ripple)


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

The Fourier Theorem, named after its discoverer, French mathematician Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830), can be simply paraphrased as: “Any waveform is made up of sine waves of different frequencies.” Sine waves of different frequencies can be combined to make up any arbitrary waveform. Of course, the big trick is knowing which frequencies and amplitudes to combine.

The Fourier Theorem

Distorted Waveform

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


6-‐PULSE RECTIFIER and HARMONICS

h = np 1, Ih = I h

+ _ For simple diode bridge rectifiers:

When, p = 6 h = -- 5,7,--,11,13,--,17,19... 0

20

40

60

80

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25harmonic

% F

und.

. ia

Current Waveform and Spectrum

h = harmonic number p = # of pulses in rectification scheme n = any integer (1, 2, 3, etc.) Ih = magnitude of harmonic current


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

Distorted Waveform

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Harmonics -‐ Components of a Distorted Waveform

Fourier Series f(t) = Ao+A1sin(wt+θ1)+A2sin(2wt+θ2)+A3sin(3wt+θ3) ...

Fundamental - 60 Hz

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

5th Harmonic - 300 Hz

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

7th Harmonic - 420 Hz

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Resultant Waveform

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Resultant Waveform

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2Resultant Waveform

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Harmonic Spectrum

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13

Harmonic #

% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l

Harmonic Spectrum

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13

Harmonic #

% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l

Harmonic Spectrum

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 3 5 7 9 11 13

Harmonic #

% o

f Fun

dam

enta

l

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

For THD(V) = 8% HVF = 0.08 Dera9ng Factor = 0.89

For THD(V) = 5% HVF = 0.05 Dera9ng Factor = 0.96

NEMA MG1 Part 30 Page 18 11.2 Dera9ng for Harmonic Content


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

Submersible Pump Motor Rotor Damage due to THD(V) Slip Losses


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

HIGH CURRENT DISTORTION CAUSES PROBLEMS

1.) Increases Eddy current losses in transformers and generators.

2.) Increases I *R losses in conductors transformer and generator windings.

3.) Causes high background system voltage distor9on (THD(V)).

HIGH BACKGROUND SYSTEM VOLTAGE DISTORTION (THD(V)) CAUSES PROBLEMS

1.) Failures of switch mode power supplies on PLC’s, computers and instruments

2.) Generator automa9c voltage regulator malfunc9oning.

3.) Can cause false readings on cri9cal sensors and instrumenta9on on produc9on lines.

4.) Increases opera9ng temperature of AC Induc9on Motor Windings and Rotor Bars leading to premature motor failures.

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014



A.) LIMITS FOR Current Total Demand Distor9on (TDD) NO CHANGE

B1.) LIMITS FOR THD(V)

For Volts 1001 to 69KV B2.)

For Volts =< 1000

C.) Point of Common Coupling

B3 ) Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports) and Dedicated Loads (Eliminated)

NEW IEEE Std 519™ 2014 Guideline OLD IEEE Std 519™ 1992 Guideline ITEM

A.) LIMITS FOR Current Total Demand Distor9on TDD LIMITS FOR Current Total Demand Distor9on TDD No Change

Comments

B1.) LIMITS FOR THD(V) For Volts =< 1000

Ind Max

5% 8%

For Volts 1001 to 69KV

Ind Max

3% 5%

For Volts 120 to 69KV LIMITS FOR HD(V)

Ind Max

3% 5%

C.) Point of Common Coupling Point of Common Coupling

PCC 2 THD(V) 5%

PCC 1 THD(V) 5%

PCC 2 THD(V) 5%

PCC 1 THD(V) 8%

MV MV T1 1000KVA T1 1000KVA

D.) Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports Dedicated Loads Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports Dedicated Loads

(Eliminated) THD(V) Special Loads 3% Dedicated Transformer Loads 10%

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


B2.)

Old IEEE 519™ 1992 New IEEE 519™ 2014

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


A.) LIMITS FOR Total Demand Distor9on (TDD) Are the Same

SAME SAME


A.) LIMITS FOR Total Demand Distor9on LIMITS FOR Total Demand Distor9on No Change

Comments

B1.) LIMITS FOR THD(V) For Volts =< 1000

Ind Max

5% 8%

For Volts 1001 to 69KV

Ind Max

3% 5%


Ind Max

3% 5%


PCC 2 THD(V) 5%

PCC 1 THD(V) 5%

PCC 2 THD(V) 5%

PCC 1 THD(V) 8%

MV MV T1 1000KVA T1 1000KVA

D.) Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports Dedicated Loads Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports Dedicated Loads

(Eliminated) THD(V) Special Loads 3% Dedicated Transformer Loads 10%

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


B2.)

B3 ) Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports) and Dedicated Loads * Special Applica9ons were Hospitals and Airports. (Eliminated)


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

LIMITS FOR THD(V) Have Changed Significantly B1. & B2. )

New IEEE 519™ 2014 Special Bus Voltage Range added V ≤ 1000V Which increased allowable THD(V) from 5% to 8%

For Bus Voltages above 1KV up to to 69KV THD(V) is s9ll 5%

Old IEEE 519™ 1992 Had Voltage Range 120 to 69 KV Which called for THD(V) of 3% for special applica9ons and 5% For general systems with 10% allowed for dedicated systems

* Special Applica9ons were Hospitals and Airports. B1.) New Limit for V ≤ 1000 Volts Individual 5% and Total 8%

B2.) New Limit for 1001 to 69KV Volts Individual 3% and Total 5%

Old IEEE 519™ 1992 Special Loads and Dedicated Transformer Load THD(V) Levels

New IEEE 519™ 2014 Special Loads and Dedicated Transformer Load THD(V) Levels Eliminated

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


B3.) LIMITS FOR THD(V) Have Changed Significantly

B3 ) Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports) and Dedicated Loads (Eliminated)


A.) LIMITS FOR Total Demand Distor9on LIMITS FOR Total Demand Distor9on No Change

Comments

B1.) LIMITS FOR THD(V) For Volts =< 1000 Ind Max 5% 8%

For Volts 1001 to 69KV Ind Max 3% 5%


Ind Max

3% 5%


PCC 2 THD(V) 5%

PCC 1 THD(V) 5%

PCC 2 THD(V) 5%

PCC 1 THD(V) 8%

MV MV

T1 1000KVA T1 1000KVA

B3.) Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports Dedicated Loads Special Loads ( Hospitals Airports Dedicated Loads (Eliminated) THD(V) Special Loads 3% Dedicated Transformer Loads 10%

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014


B2.)


Point on a public power supply system, electrically nearest to a par9cular load, at which other loads are or could be connected. The PCC is a point located upstream of the considered installa9on. The recommended prac9ce should be applied at interface points between system owners or operators and users in the power system. The PCC is usually taken to be a point between the system owner and a system user where the system owner or operator could offer service to another user. Frequently for large industrial plants this point is at the MV side of a distribu9on transformer. For commercial users (office parks, shopping malls, etc.) the PCC is on the LV secondary side of the service transformer. The recommended limits should be applied at the PCC and should not be applied to either individual pieces of equipment or at loca9ons within a user’s facility.

New IEEE 519™ 2014 Point of Common Coupling (PCC)

Old IEEE 519™ 1992 Point of Common Coupling (PCC)

A point of metering, or any point as long as both the u9lity and the consumer can either access the point for direct measurement of the harmonic indices meaningful to both or can es9mate the harmonic indices at point of interference.

Within an industrial plant the PCC is the point

between the nonlinear load and the other loads.

. Defini9on: Defini9on:

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014 C.) Point of Common Coupling


A

IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014



1.) The current distor9on limits have not changed. Remember it’s the current distor9on that affects the level of THD(V) at various points in a given system.

2.) THD(V) limits were relaxed for systems rated <1000 Volts to: Ind. harmonics to be <5% from <3% and to be <8% from <5% for THD(V). Also special applica9on limits for hospitals and airports have been eliminated meaning IEEE 519 acceptable limits for THD(V) in hospitals or airports is now <8% instead of <3%)

3.) The PCC is usually taken to be a point between the system owner and a system user where the system owner or operator could offer service to another user. Frequently for large industrial plants this point is at the MV side of a distribu9on transformer. For commercial users (office parks, shopping malls, etc.) the PCC is on the LV (<1000Volts) secondary side of the service transformer. The recommended limits should be applied at the PCC and should not be applied to either individual pieces of equipment or at loca9ons within a user’s facility 4.) Remember IEEE 519 is not an enforceable code. IEEE 519 is a guideline to be used by engineers for power system design considera9ons. It is s9ll up to the individual design engineer to use experience, and common sense when wri9ng specifica9ons for a given power system.


IEEE519 1992 vs IEEE 519 2014

Thank you for aXending. Ques9ons?

© 2014 Mirus International | All Rights Reserved

To learn more and to download the FREE SOLV

software, please visit www.mirusinternational.com/

If you have further questions

please contact Al Archambault at

[email protected] Or call at +416 617 9760

IEEE 519 92 vs 14

Engineering

Transcript of IEEE 519 92 vs 14