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    Growth and Evolution of Industry in India

    AdvertisingFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    This article is about the form of communication. For other uses, seeAdvertiser (disambiguation).

    "Adverts" redirects here. For the English punk band, seeThe Adverts.

    Forcontent guidelineson the use of advertising in Wikipedia articles, seeWikipedia:Spam. For a proposal on

    advertising about Wikipedia, seeWikipedia:Advertisements.

    ACoca-Colaadvertisement from the 1890s

    Marketing

    Key concepts

    Product marketing

    Pricing

    Distribution

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertiser_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertiser_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertiser_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Advertshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Advertshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Advertshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_content_guidelineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_content_guidelineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_content_guidelineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advertisementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advertisementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advertisementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cocacola-5cents-1900_edit1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cocacola-5cents-1900_edit1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cocacola-5cents-1900_edit1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cocacola-5cents-1900_edit1.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Colahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advertisementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Spamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_content_guidelineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Advertshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertiser_(disambiguation)

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    Service

    Retail

    Brand management

    Account-based marketing

    Ethics

    Effectiveness

    Research

    Segmentation

    Strategy

    Activation

    Management

    Dominance

    Marketing operations

    Social marketing

    Promotional contents

    Promotional media

    V

    T

    E

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Account-based_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Account-based_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_ethicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_ethicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_effectivenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_effectivenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_segmentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_segmentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_strategyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_strategyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_activationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_activationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Marketing&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Marketing&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Marketing&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_activationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_strategyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_segmentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_effectivenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_ethicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Account-based_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)

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    Advertising oradvertizing[1][2][3]is a form ofcommunicationformarketingand used to encourage

    orpersuadean audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some

    new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial

    offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. In Latin, ad vertere means to turn the

    mind toward. [1] The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a

    company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid for bysponsorsand viewed via

    varioustraditional media; includingmass mediasuch asnewspaper,magazines,television commercial,radio

    advertisement,outdoor advertisingordirect mail; ornew mediasuch asblogs,websitesortext messages.

    Commercial advertisers often seek to generate increasedconsumptionof theirproductsorservicesthrough

    "branding," which involves associating a product name or image with certain qualities in the minds

    ofconsumers.Non-commercialadvertisers who spend money to advertise items other than a consumer

    product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental

    agencies.Nonprofit organizationsmay rely on free modes ofpersuasion, such as apublic service

    announcement(PSA).

    Modern advertising was created with the innovative techniques introduced withtobacco advertisingin the

    1920s, most significantly with the campaigns ofEdward Bernays, which is often considered the founder of

    modern,Madison Avenueadvertising.[4][5][6]

    In 2010, spending on advertising was estimated at $142.5 billion in the United States and $467 billion

    worldwide[7]

    Internationally, the largest ("big four") advertising conglomerates areInterpublic,Omnicom,Publicis,

    andWPP.[citation needed]

    Contents

    [hide]

    1 History

    o 1.1 19th century

    o 1.2 20th century

    1.2.1 On the radio from the 1920s

    1.2.2 Public service advertising in WW2

    1.2.3 Commercial television in the 1950s

    1.2.4 Media diversification in the 1960s

    1.2.5 Cable television from the 1980s

    1.2.6 On the internet from the 1990s

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-centurydict-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-centurydict-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprofit_organizationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprofit_organizationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprofit_organizationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_announcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_announcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_announcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Avenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Avenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Avenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Studlar2002p55-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Studlar2002p55-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-GlantzModernAds-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-GlantzModernAds-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-WPP_Group_Forecasts-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-WPP_Group_Forecasts-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-WPP_Group_Forecasts-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpublichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpublichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpublichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnicomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnicomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnicomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publicishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publicishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publicishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#19th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#19th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#On_the_radio_from_the_1920shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#On_the_radio_from_the_1920shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Public_service_advertising_in_WW2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Public_service_advertising_in_WW2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Commercial_television_in_the_1950shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Commercial_television_in_the_1950shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Media_diversification_in_the_1960shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Media_diversification_in_the_1960shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Cable_television_from_the_1980shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Cable_television_from_the_1980shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#On_the_internet_from_the_1990shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#On_the_internet_from_the_1990shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#On_the_internet_from_the_1990shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Cable_television_from_the_1980shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Media_diversification_in_the_1960shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Commercial_television_in_the_1950shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Public_service_advertising_in_WW2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#On_the_radio_from_the_1920shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#19th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPP_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publicishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnicomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpublichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-WPP_Group_Forecasts-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-GlantzModernAds-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Studlar2002p55-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Studlar2002p55-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Avenuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_announcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_announcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuasionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprofit_organizationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Websitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_commercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persuadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-centurydict-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-centurydict-1

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    2 Advertising theory

    o 2.1 Hierarchy of effects model

    o 2.2 Marketing mix

    3 Types of advertising

    4 Sales promotions

    5 Media and advertising approaches

    o 5.1 Rise in new media

    o 5.2 Niche marketing

    o 5.3 Crowdsourcing

    o 5.4 Global advertising

    o 5.5 Foreign public messaging

    o 5.6 Diversification

    o 5.7 New technology

    o 5.8 Advertising education

    6 Criticisms

    7 Regulation

    8 Advertising research

    9 Semiotics

    10 Gender effects in the processing of advertising

    11 See also

    12 Notes

    13 References

    14 External links

    [edit]History

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Hierarchy_of_effects_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Hierarchy_of_effects_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Marketing_mixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Marketing_mixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Types_of_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Types_of_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Sales_promotionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Sales_promotionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Media_and_advertising_approacheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Media_and_advertising_approacheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Rise_in_new_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Rise_in_new_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Niche_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Niche_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Crowdsourcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Crowdsourcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Global_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Global_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Foreign_public_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Foreign_public_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Diversificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Diversificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#New_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#New_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Criticismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Criticismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Semioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Semioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Gender_effects_in_the_processing_of_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Gender_effects_in_the_processing_of_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Gender_effects_in_the_processing_of_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Semioticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Regulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Criticismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#New_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Diversificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Foreign_public_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Global_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Crowdsourcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Niche_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Rise_in_new_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Media_and_advertising_approacheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Sales_promotionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Types_of_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Marketing_mixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Hierarchy_of_effects_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Advertising_theory

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    Edo periodadvertising flyer from 1806 for a traditional medicine called Kinseitan

    Egyptians usedpapyrusto make sales messages and wall posters.Commercial messagesand political

    campaign displays have been found in the ruins ofPompeiiand ancientArabia.Lost and foundadvertising on

    papyrus was common inAncient GreeceandAncient Rome. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is

    another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa,

    and South America. The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indianrock artpaintings that date back

    to 4000 BC.[8]History tells us thatOut-of-home advertisingandbillboardsare the oldest forms of advertising.

    As the towns and cities of theMiddle Agesbegan to grow, and the general populace was unable to read, signs

    that today would say cobbler, miller, tailor or blacksmith would use an image associated with their trade such

    as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a horse shoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables

    were sold in the city square from the backs of carts and wagons and their proprietors used street callers (town

    criers) to announce their whereabouts for the convenience of the customers.

    As education became an apparent need and reading, as well as printing, developed advertising expanded to

    include handbills.[citation needed] In the 18th century[when?]advertisements started to appear in weekly newspapers in

    England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which

    became increasingly affordable with advances in theprinting press; and medicines, which were increasingly

    sought after as disease ravaged Europe. However,false advertisingand so-called "quack" advertisements

    became a problem, which ushered in the regulation of advertising content.

    [edit]19th century

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    An 1895 advertisement for a weight gain product.

    Thomas J. BarrattfromLondonhas been called "the father of modern advertising".[9][10][11]

    Working for thePears Soapcompany, Barratt created an effective advertising campaign for the company

    products, which involved the use of targeted slogans, images and phrases. One of his slogans, ""Good

    morning. Have you used Pears' soap?" was famous in its day and well into the 20th century.[12][13]

    Under Barratt's guidance, Pears Soap became the world's first legally registered brand and is therefore the

    world's oldest continuously existing brand.

    An advertising tactic that he used was to associate the Pears brand with high culture and quality. Most

    famously, he used the paintingBubblesbyJohn Everett Millaisas an advertisement by adding a bar of Pears

    soap into the foreground. (Millais protested at this alteration of his work, but in vain as Barrat had bought the

    copyright.[14]) Barratt continued this theme with a series of adverts of well groomed middle-class children,

    associating Pears with domestic comfort and aspirations of high society.

    Barrat established Pears Annualin 1891 as a spin-off magazine which promoted contemporary illustration and

    colour printing and in 1897 added the Pears Cyclopediaa one-volume encyclopedia.[15]From the early 20th

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    century Pears was famous for the annual "Miss Pears" competition in which parents entered their children into

    the high-profile hunt for a young brand ambassador to be used on packaging and in consumer promotions. He

    recruited scientists and the celebrities of the day to publicly endorse the product.Lillie Langtry, a Britishmusic

    hallsinger and stage actress with a famous ivory complexion, received income as the first woman to endorse a

    commercial product, advertising Pears Soap.

    Barratt introduced many of the crucial ideas that lie behing successful advertising and these were widely

    circulated in his day. He constantly stressed the importance of a strong and exclusive brand image for Pears

    and of emphasising the products availability through saturation campaigns. He also understood the importance

    of constantly reevaluating the market for changing tastes and mores, stating in 1907 that "tastes change,

    fashions change, and the advertiser has to change with them. An idea that was effective a generation ago

    would fall flat, stale, and unprofitable if presented to the public today. Not that the idea of today is always better

    than the older idea, but it is different - it hits the present taste."[10]

    As the economy expanded across the world during the 19th century, advertising grew alongside. In the United

    States, the success of this advertising format eventually led to the growth of mail-order advertising.

    In June 1836, French newspaperLa Pressewas the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to

    lower its price, extend its readership and increase itsprofitabilityand the formula was soon copied by all titles.

    Around 1840,Volney B. Palmerestablished the roots of the modern day advertising agency in Philadelphia. In

    1842 Palmer bought large amounts of space in various newspapers at a discounted rate then resold the space

    at higher rates to advertisers. The actual ad - the copy, layout, and artwork - was still prepared by the company

    wishing to advertise; in effect, Palmer was a space broker. The situation changed in the late 19th century when

    the advertising agency of N.W. Ayer & Son was founded. Ayer and Son offered to plan, create, and execute

    complete advertising campaigns for its customers. By 1900 the advertising agency had become the focal point

    of creative planning, and advertising was firmly established as a profession.[16]Around the same time, in

    France,Charles-Louis Havasextended the services of his news agency,Havasto include advertisement

    brokerage, making it the first French group to organize. At first, agencies were brokers for advertisement space

    in newspapers.N. W. Ayer & Sonwas the first full-service agency to assume responsibility for advertising

    content. N.W. Ayer opened in 1869, and was located in Philadelphia.[16]

    [edit]20th century

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    A print advertisement for the 1913 issue of theEncyclopdia Britannica

    At the turn of the 19th to 20th century, there were few career choices for women in business; however,

    advertising was one of the few. Since women were responsible for most of the purchasing done in

    theirhousehold, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of women's insight during thecreative process.

    In fact, the first American advertising to use asexual sellwas created by a woman for a soap product.

    Although tame by today's standards,[citation needed] the advertisement featured a couple with the message "The

    skin you love to touch".[17][non-primary source needed]

    Modern advertising was created with the innovative techniques used in tobacco advertising beginning in the

    1920s, most significantly with the campaigns ofEdward Bernays, which is often considered as the founder of

    modern, Madison Avenue advertising.[4][5][6]The tobacco industries was one of the firsts to make use ofmass

    production, with the introduction of theBonsack machineto roll cigarettes. The Bonsack machine allowed the

    production of cigarettes for a mass markets, and the tobacco industry needed to match such an increase in

    supply with the creation of a demand from the masses through advertising.[18]

    [edit]On the radio from the 1920s

    Advertisement for a live radio broadcast, sponsored by a milk company and published in theLos Angeles Timeson May 6,

    1930

    In the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers and retailers who

    offered programs in order to sell more radios to consumers. As time passed, many non-profit organizations

    followed suit in setting up their own radio stations, and included: schools, clubs and civic groups.[19]

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    Advertisements of hotels inPichilemu,Chilefrom 1935.

    When the practice of sponsoring programs was popularised, each individual radio program was usually

    sponsored by a single business in exchange for a brief mention of the business' name at the beginning and end

    of the sponsored shows. However, radio station owners soon realised they could earn more money by selling

    sponsorship rights in small time allocations to multiple businesses throughout their radio station's broadcasts,

    rather than selling the sponsorship rights to single businesses per show.

    [edit]Public service advertising in WW2

    The advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate

    and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as HIV/AIDS[citation needed], political ideology, energy

    conservation and deforestation.

    Advertising, in its non-commercial guise, is a powerful educational tool capable of reaching and motivating

    large audiences. "Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interestit is much too powerful a

    tool to use solely for commercial purposes." Attributed toHoward GossagebyDavid Ogilvy.

    Public service advertising,non-commercial advertising, public interest advertising,cause marketing, andsocial

    marketingare different terms for (or aspects of) the use of sophisticated advertising and marketing

    communications techniques (generally associated with commercial enterprise) on behalf of non-commercial,

    public interest issues and initiatives.

    In the United States, the granting of television and radio licenses by the FCC is contingent upon the station

    broadcasting a certain amount of public service advertising. To meet these requirements, many broadcast

    stations in America air the bulk of their required public service announcements during the late night or early

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    morning when the smallest percentage of viewers are watching, leaving more day and prime time commercial

    slots available for high-paying advertisers.

    Public service advertising reached its height duringWorld Wars IandIIunder the direction of more than one

    government. During WWII President Roosevelt commissioned the creation of The War Advertising Council

    (now known as theAd Council) which is the nation's largest developer of PSA campaigns on behalf of

    government agencies and non-profit organizations, including the longest-running PSA campaign,Smokey

    Bear.[citation needed]

    [edit]Commercial television in the 1950s

    This practice was carried over tocommercial televisionin the late 1940s and early 1950s. A fierce battle was

    fought between those seeking to commercialise the radio and people who argued that the radio spectrum

    should be considered a part of the commons to be used only non-commercially and for the public good. The

    United Kingdom pursued a public funding model for the BBC, originally a private company, theBritish

    Broadcasting Company, but incorporated as a public body byRoyal Charterin 1927. In Canada, advocates

    likeGraham Sprywere likewise able to persuade the federal government to adopt a public funding model,

    creating theCanadian Broadcasting Corporation. However, in the United States, the capitalist model prevailed

    with the passage of theCommunications Act of 1934which created theFederal Communications

    Commission(FCC).[19]However, the U.S. Congress did requirecommercial broadcastingcompanies to operate

    in the "public interest, convenience, and necessity".[20]Public broadcastingnow exists in the United States due

    to the 1967Public Broadcasting Actwhich led to thePublic Broadcasting Service(PBS) andNational Public

    Radio(NPR).

    In the early 1950s, theDuMont Television Networkbegan the modern practice of selling advertisement time to

    multiple sponsors. Previously, DuMont had trouble finding sponsors for many of their programs and

    compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This eventually became the

    standard for the commercial television industry in the United States. However, it was still a common practice to

    have single sponsor shows, such asThe United States Steel Hour. In some instances the sponsors exercised

    great control over the content of the showup to and including having one's advertising agency actually writing

    the show. The single sponsor model is much less prevalent now, a notable exception being theHallmark Hall of

    Fame.

    [edit]Media diversification in the 1960s

    In the 1960s, campaigns featuring heavy spending in different mass media channels became more prominent.

    For example, theEssogasoline company spent hundreds of millions of dollars on a brand awareness

    campaign built around the simple andalliterative[21]theme Put a Tiger in Your Tank.[22]PsychologistErnest

    Dichter[23]andDDB WorldwidecopywriterSandy Sulcer[24]learned that motorists desired both power and play

    while driving, and chose the tiger as an easytoremember symbol to communicate those feelings. TheNorth

    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Sulcerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Sulcerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Sulcerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Sulcerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Sulcerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDB_Worldwidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-twsOctS211-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Dichterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Dichterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-twsOctS155-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmark_Hall_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmark_Hall_of_Famehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_United_States_Steel_Hourhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuMont_Television_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-uouynv-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Spryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Charterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokey_Bearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokey_Bearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I

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    Americanand laterEuropeancampaign featured extensive television and radio and magazine ads, including

    photos with tiger tails supposedly emerging from car gas tanks, promotional events featuring real tigers,

    billboards, and inEuropestation pump hoses "wrapped in tiger stripes" as well as pop music songs.[22]Tiger

    imagery can still be seen on the pumps of successor firmExxonMobil.

    [edit]Cable television from the 1980s

    The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the introduction ofcable televisionand particularlyMTV. Pioneering the

    concept of themusic video, MTV ushered in a new type of advertising: the consumer tunes in forthe advertising

    message, rather than it being aby-productor afterthought. As cable andsatellite televisionbecame

    increasingly prevalent,specialty channelsemerged, including channels entirelydevoted to advertising, such

    asQVC,Home Shopping Network, andShopTV Canada.

    [edit]On the internet from the 1990s

    Main article:Internet marketing

    With the advent of thead server,marketing through the Internetopened new frontiers for advertisers and

    contributed to the "dot-com" boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue,

    offering everything fromcouponsto free Internet access. At the turn of the 20th to 21st century, a number of

    websites including thesearch engineGoogle, started a change inonline advertisingby emphasizing

    contextually relevant, unobtrusive ads intended to help, rather than inundate, users. This has led to a plethora

    of similar efforts and an increasing trend ofinteractive advertising.

    The share of advertising spending relative toGDPhas changed little across large changes in media. For

    example, in the US in 1925, the main advertising media were newspapers, magazines, signs onstreetcars, and

    outdoorposters. Advertising spending as a share of GDP was about 2.9 percent. By 1998, television and radio

    had become major advertising media. Nonetheless, advertising spending as a share of GDP was slightly

    lowerabout 2.4 percent.[25]

    A recent advertising innovation is "guerrilla marketing", which involves unusual approaches such as staged

    encounters in public places, giveaways of products such as cars that are covered with brand messages, and

    interactive advertising where the viewer can respond to become part of the advertising message. Guerrilla

    advertising is becoming increasingly more popular with a lot of companies. This type of advertising is

    unpredictable and innovative, which causes consumers to buy the product or idea. This reflects an increasingtrend of interactive and "embedded" ads, such as viaproduct placement, having consumers vote through text

    messages, and various innovations utilizingsocial network servicessuch asFacebookor Twitter.[citation needed]

    [edit]Advertising theory

    [edit]Hierarchy of effects model

    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    This section contains information of unclear or questionableimportanceorrelevanceto the article's

    subject matter. Please helpimprove this articleby clarifying or removing superfluous information. (August2012)

    Hierarchy of effects model[26]

    It clarifies the objectives of an advertising campaign and for each individual advertisement. The model suggests

    that there are six steps a consumer or a business buyer moves through when making a purchase. The steps

    are:

    1. Awareness

    2. Knowledge

    3. Liking

    4. Preference

    5. Conviction

    6. Purchase

    Means-End Theory

    This approach suggests that an advertisement should contain a message or means that leads the consumer to

    a desired end state.

    Leverage Points

    It is designed to move the consumer from understanding a product's benefits to linking those benefits withpersonal values.

    Verbal and Visual Images

    The political economy of advertisement is the theory that a few powerful groups, or knowledge monopolies,

    control the thoughts, behaviors, and actions of the public through mass media as communication. As a form of

    communication, advertisement uses repeated verbal and visual images to develop and alter society. Over time,

    these repeated images and symbols become associated with either positive or negative attributes and can

    modify the publics evaluation of such cultural objects as people, religions, ethnic groups, and societal roles.

    Thus, the media forms the beliefs and values of the public through media portrayals. The messages of the

    ((political economy)) commonly correlate with current economic interests.[27]

    [edit]Marketing mix

    This section contains information of unclear or questionableimportanceorrelevanceto the article's

    subject matter. Please helpimprove this articleby clarifying or removing superfluous information. (August2012)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information

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    Main article:Marketing mix

    The marketing mix has been the key concept to advertising. The marketing mix was suggested by professorE.

    Jerome McCarthyin the 1960s. The marketing mix consists of four basic elements called the four Ps. Product

    is the first P representing the actual product. Price represents the process of determining the value of a

    product. Place represents the variables of getting the product to the consumer like distribution channels, market

    coverage and movement organization. The last P stands for Promotion which is the process of reaching the

    target market and convincing them to go out and buy the product.[citation needed]

    [edit]Types of advertising

    An advertisement for theWikimedia Foundation

    An advertisement for a diner. Such signs are common on storefronts.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarkes_on_Belmont.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Impact_Of_Wikipedia.webmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advertising&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mix

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    Paying people to hold signs is one of the oldest forms of advertising, as with thishuman billboardpictured above

    A bus with an advertisement forGAPin Singapore. Buses and other vehicles are popular media for advertisers.

    ADBAG Class 101withUNICEFads at Ingolstadt main railway station

    Virtually any medium can be used for advertising. Commercial advertising media can includewall

    paintings,billboards,street furniturecomponents, printed flyers andrack cards, radio, cinema and television

    adverts,web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, webpopups,skywriting, bus stop

    benches,human billboardsandforehead advertising, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses,

    banners attached to or sides of airplanes ("logojets"),in-flight advertisementsonseatback tray tablesor

    overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts andpassenger screens, musical stage shows, subway

    platforms and trains, elastic bands on disposable diapers, doors of bathroom stalls, stickers on apples in

    supermarkets,shopping cart handles(grabertising), the opening section ofstreamingaudio and video, posters,

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_(clothing_retailer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_(clothing_retailer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_(clothing_retailer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBAG_Class_101http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBAG_Class_101http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBAG_Class_101http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_bannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_bannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_bannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-up_adhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-up_adhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-up_adhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywritinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywritinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywritinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forehead_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forehead_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forehead_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logojethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logojethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logojethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-flight_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-flight_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-flight_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tray-tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tray-tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tray-tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabvisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabvisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabvisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_carthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_carthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_carthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:101_016_DRI_Ingolstadt.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volvo_B9TL_SBS_Transit_SBS7357B.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisingman.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_carthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabvisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tray-tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-flight_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logojethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forehead_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywritinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop-up_adhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_bannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBAG_Class_101http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_(clothing_retailer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_billboard

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    and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their

    message through a medium is advertising.

    Television advertising/Music in advertising

    The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, as is

    reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercialairtimeduring popular TV events. The

    annualSuper Bowlfootballgame in the United States is known as the most prominent advertising

    event on television. The average cost of a single thirty-second TV spot during this game has reached

    US$3.5 million (as of 2012). Some television commercials feature a song orjinglethat listeners soon

    relate to the product. Virtual advertisements may be inserted into regular television programming

    through computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops[28]or used to replace

    local billboards that are not relevant to the remote broadcast audience.[29]More controversially, virtual

    billboards may be inserted into the background[30]where none exist in real-life. This technique is

    especially used in televised sporting events.[31][32]Virtual product placement is also possible.[33][34]

    Infomercials

    An infomercial is a long-format television commercial, typically five minutes or longer. The word

    "infomercial" is a portmanteau of the words "information" & "commercial". The main objective in an

    infomercial is to create animpulse purchase, so that the consumer sees the presentation and then

    immediately buys the product through the advertisedtoll-free telephone numberor website.

    Infomercials describe, display, and often demonstrate products and their features, and commonly have

    testimonials from consumers andindustry professionals.

    Radio advertising

    Radio advertising is a form of advertising via the medium ofradio. Radio advertisements are

    broadcast as radio waves to the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device.

    Airtime is purchased from astationornetworkin exchange for airing the commercials. While radio has

    the limitation of being restricted to sound, proponents of radio advertising often cite this as an

    advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found not only on air, but also online.

    According to Arbitron, radio has approximately 241.6 million weekly listeners, or more than 93 percent

    of the U.S. population.

    Online advertising

    Online advertising is a form ofpromotionthat uses the Internet andWorld Wide Webfor the expressed

    purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Online ads are delivered by an ad

    server. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads that appear onsearch engine results

    pages,banner ads, intext ads,Rich MediaAds,Social network advertising,online classified

    advertising,advertising networksande-mail marketing, includinge-mail spam.

    New media

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_advertisementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_in_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-McCarthy-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-McCarthy-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-McCarthy-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Keith_Mcarthur-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Keith_Mcarthur-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Keith_Mcarthur-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Canwestmediaworks.com-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Canwestmediaworks.com-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-Canwestmediaworks.com-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-my-india.net-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-my-india.net-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-my-india.net-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infomercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infomercialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_purchasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_purchasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_purchasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_professionalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_professionalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_professionalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_results_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_results_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_results_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_results_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_adhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_adhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_adhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay_per_clickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay_per_clickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay_per_clickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_classified_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_classified_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_classified_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_classified_advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_networkhttp://en

European Colinization of Latin America

European Colinization of Latin America

United States Constitution

United States Constitution

Steve Jobs' Commencement Speech at Stanford

Steve Jobs' Commencement Speech at Stanford

Star Wars Trivia!

Star Wars Trivia!

Bodybuilding - The Rock Hard Challenge (Month 1 Training)

Bodybuilding - The Rock Hard Challenge (Month 1 Training)

Star Wars Original Trilogy Trivia (Episodes IV-VI)

Star Wars Original Trilogy Trivia (Episodes IV-VI)

Barclays1

Barclays1

Who Killed God

Who Killed God

Disclaimer

Disclaimer

How Computer Monitors Work

How Computer Monitors Work

How Computer Keyboards Work

How Computer Keyboards Work

Heidegger Kritik

Heidegger Kritik

Rubik's cube solution

Rubik's cube solution

Iron Mills Essay

Iron Mills Essay

Cakes Recipes

Cakes Recipes

Algorithms

Algorithms

Chapter-01

Chapter-01

Chapter 24

Chapter 24

Oedipus The King: The Ideal Tragic Play

Oedipus The King: The Ideal Tragic Play

Personality Development

Personality Development