Ideology Systematic body of ideas, attitudes, values and perceptions Collective views, attitudes,...
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Transcript of Ideology Systematic body of ideas, attitudes, values and perceptions Collective views, attitudes,...
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Ideology
• Systematic body of ideas, attitudes, values and perceptions
• Collective views, attitudes, positions and dogmas of a societal group
• Ideology is both specific and general • Seen and unseen• Can be conscious but is more often unconscious• It is pervasive and impacts every aspect of human
existence
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Ideology
• Filmmakers communicate something to the audience
• Watching a film is engaging in the transmission of knowledge
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Text and Context
• Text looks at film as film and draws out of it themes that reflect back on culture
• Context looks at the context in which the film was produced
• Real analysis comes at the intersection of these two views
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• What you believe is hugely dependent on where you come from and where you live
• Our specific experiences have gone on to construct us • Looking at science fiction films—date at a faster rate
than other genres
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Collective Authorship
• Writer • Composer• Producer• Sound• Location• Production Manager• Editor • Visual Effects
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Authorship
• All of the influences, contexts etc. can render the intent of the writer/director irrelevant
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Form
• A film’s form often goes unnoticed by its audience• Remains hidden to audience and is fully visible to
the filmmaker • Ideology can easily be communicated on a
subconscious level • Repeated ideologies can be perceived as natural• Homogeny of ideas, characters, class, body type
can communicate ideology
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Dirty Harry 1971
• 1970’s attitudes towards violence, gender and race
• Harry is “bad” but the criminals are worse• He is the only person that can save the
innocent• Right-wing view of individualism and the right
to violence
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Realism
• All of the devices used by filmmakers to disguise the fact that what the viewer is shown isn’t real
• Realism is the illusion that what is shown on-screen is in some way connected to reality
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Ideology
• Unlike real life film presents a clear viewpoint• Offers ideological resolution if not narrative
resolution• Realism inevitably presents ideological unity
and an ideological world view
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Naturalism
• Realist film appears natural • Should appear unmediated• Achieved through the story and also through
the form
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Realistic Storytelling: Protagonist
• Moral ambiguity in order to be perceived as real
• Describe a character that has moral ambiguity:
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Genre
• Signifying practice that has emerged over time by the repeated use of particular codes and conventions
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Genres relationship to Ideology
• Audience familiar with codes
• Works like realism• Lulls the audience into
suspension of disbelief • A message can pass
quickly and easily from filmmaker to viewer
• Qualities of Film Noir (Ideologies)
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Hegemony
• Systems that a film will use to make its ideology appear natural
• In cinema this would be the repeated and often subtle prioritization of one viewpoint over another
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Statistic
• less than 5 percent of actors in top Hollywood films are Hispanic
• Latinas are more likely than women of any other ethnicity to appear partially or totally naked on screen.
• http://everysinglewordspoken.tumblr.com/
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Interpellation • Where the individual already exists as a
subject receptive to ideology • Film plays to our existing expectations about
who and what we are
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Camp
• Sontag claimed that “the essence of Camp is its love of the unnatural: of artifice and exaggeration…” (3). I have isolated this one sentence because it is a definition that can be applied to John Waters’ films.
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• Waters makes a guest appearance as a collectable junk store owner called John. Upon visiting his store, Homer asks John why a “grown man” would collect such junk, and John replies:
• JOHN: It’s camp!
• Homer looks back at John with a blank expression, not comprehending what he means.
• JOHN: The tragically ludicrous, the ludicrously tragic.
• HOMER: Oh yeah, like when a clown dies.
• JOHN: Well sort of, but I mean more like inflatable furniture or Last Supper TV trays or even this bowling shirt…
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Polyester 1981
Polyester was meant as a send-up of “women’s pictures,” an exploitative genre of film that was popular from the 1950s-60s and typically featured bored, unfulfilled, or otherwise troubled women, usually middle-aged suburban housewives, finding release or escape through the arrival of a handsome man.
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Sirk's melodramas of the 1950s were generally very poorly received by reviewers.His films were considered unimportant (because they revolve around female anddomestic issues), banal (because of their focus on larger-than-life feelings) andunrealistic (because of their conspicuous style).
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• This dismissal of Sirk's films changed drastically in the 1970s
• his work was reexamined by British and French critics.
• His films were seen as masterpieces of irony
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Transgressive vs Subversive
• Transgress: to break, violate or go beyond boundaries or laws (even of decency)
• Subvert: To upset or overthrow (there is a connotation of secrecy)
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Sirk
Form subverts content Use of melodrama and garish colors A way to subvert culture?
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Transgress
• Aesthetically: rebels against rules and conventions
• Taboo (topics and actions that are strongly prohibited by culture)
• Campy, shocking, gross
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Bad Taste as Good Taste
• Multiple Maniacs (1971) 5,000• Pink Flamingos (1973) 12,000• “assault on conventional sensibilities” “Dregs of
human perversity” “one of the most vile, stupid and repulsive films ever made”
• “Perfect underground flick for a generation coming of age during Watergate, devoid of the ideals of the late-sixties counterculture, but equally disdainful of their parents’ institutions”
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Polyester 1981 (Studio Indie)
• Odorama