Identity and desire in consumerism

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“Identity and desire in consumerism” ‘In a society of consumers, turning into a desirable and desired commodity is the stuff of which dreams, and fairy tales, are made of’ (Bauman, 2007, p. 13) This essay will explore how brand identity creates a desire for ownership and how this creates in turn a personal identity for a company and their products, which consumers can then adopt as their own by buying into the brand. This will be done through an exploration of the brand Apple and how the brand has been built over the years to send a message of doing things differently. This essay will also explore the advertising behind the IPod and how Apple has branded it as not only a desirable product but to sell it as a lifestyle. The power of advertising allows brands to not only sell a product but to sell a lifestyle or an idea, this is far more powerful than just selling a product. In Naomi Klein’s book “No Logo(2004) she states, ‘The idea of selling the courageous message of a brand, as opposed to a product, intoxicated these CEOs.’ (p. 24) This means that a brand did not need to be connected to a specific product but it could send a message across a range of products allowing the company room for “limitless expansion”. Consumers buy into a brand and the message it is sending and lead their life by it. In Zygmunt Bauman’s book “Consuming Life(2007) he goes on to talk about having to buy into a commodity to feel socially adequate, he stated that ‘to consume therefore means to invest in one’s own social membership’ (p. 56) this means that being part of a consumer commodity allows you access to be accepted within today’s modern society and to represent your lifestyle choices through the brands you consume. In today’s society there is a desire to fit in and to be accepted, Zygmunt Bauman stated ‘…they need to equip themselves with one or other shopsupplied product if they want to be able to gain and retain the social standing they desire.’ (p. 55) This statement shows that if consumers want to fit into society they need to perform their social obligations by buying into the right products to build up an identity which consumers can develop and therefore protect their selfesteem. Anyone can be accepted by a brand and the lifestyle they sell, Bauman states, ‘they can be refused a consumer commodity if they have the money to pay its price.’ (p. 56) This means

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Transcript of Identity and desire in consumerism

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“Identity  and  desire  in  consumerism”  

 

‘In  a  society  of  consumers,  turning  into  a  desirable  and  desired  commodity  is  the  stuff  of  

which  dreams,  and  fairy  tales,  are  made  of’  (Bauman,  2007,  p.  13)  

 

This  essay  will  explore  how  brand  identity  creates  a  desire  for  ownership  and  how  this  

creates  in  turn  a  personal  identity  for  a  company  and  their  products,  which  consumers  can  

then  adopt  as  their  own  by  buying  into  the  brand.  This  will  be  done  through  an  exploration  

of  the  brand  Apple  and  how  the  brand  has  been  built  over  the  years  to  send  a  message  of  

doing  things  differently.  This  essay  will  also  explore  the  advertising  behind  the  IPod  and  

how  Apple  has  branded  it  as  not  only  a  desirable  product  but  to  sell  it  as  a  lifestyle.    

 

The  power  of  advertising  allows  brands  to  not  only  sell  a  product  but  to  sell  a  lifestyle  or  an  

idea,  this  is  far  more  powerful  than  just  selling  a  product.  In  Naomi  Klein’s  book  “No  Logo”  

(2004)  she  states,  ‘The  idea  of  selling  the  courageous  message  of  a  brand,  as  opposed  to  a  

product,  intoxicated  these  CEOs.’  (p.  24)  This  means  that  a  brand  did  not  need  to  be  

connected  to  a  specific  product  but  it  could  send  a  message  across  a  range  of  products  

allowing  the  company  room  for    “limitless  expansion”.  Consumers  buy  into  a  brand  and  the  

message  it  is  sending  and  lead  their  life  by  it.  In  Zygmunt  Bauman’s  book  “Consuming  Life”  

(2007)  he  goes  on  to  talk  about  having  to  buy  into  a  commodity  to  feel  socially  adequate,  he  

stated  that  ‘to  consume  therefore  means  to  invest  in  one’s  own  social  membership’  (p.  56)  

this  means  that  being  part  of  a  consumer  commodity  allows  you  access  to  be  accepted  

within  today’s  modern  society  and  to  represent  your  lifestyle  choices  through  the  brands  

you  consume.    

In  today’s  society  there  is  a  desire  to  fit  in  and  to  be  accepted,  Zygmunt  Bauman  stated  

‘…they  need  to  equip  themselves  with  one  or  other  shop-­‐supplied  product  if  they  want  to  

be  able  to  gain  and  retain  the  social  standing  they  desire.’  (p.  55)  This  statement  shows  that  

if  consumers  want  to  fit  into  society  they  need  to  perform  their  social  obligations  by  buying  

into  the  right  products  to  build  up  an  identity  which  consumers  can  develop  and  therefore  

protect  their  self-­‐esteem.  

Anyone  can  be  accepted  by  a  brand  and  the  lifestyle  they  sell,  Bauman  states,  ‘they  can  be  

refused  a  consumer  commodity  if  they  have  the  money  to  pay  its  price.’  (p.  56)  This  means  

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that  any  consumer  can  be  part  of  a  brand,  which  allows  you  to  build  your  own  identity  as  

long  as  you  can  afford  it.      

Fashion  is  constantly  changing,  things  which  are  cool  today  is  not  cool  tomorrow  and  in  

Bauman’s  Liquid  Modernity  theory  he  goes  on  to  explain  how  in  today’s  society  the  passage  

from  ‘solid’  to  ‘liquid’  modernity  has  resulted  in  producing  a  series  of  challenges  for  an  

individual  as  society  is  constantly  changing  therefore  forcing  the  individual  to  put  together  

a  series  of  short  term  projects  to  keep  up  to  date  with  the  current  trends.  

 

In  today’s  consumer  culture  there  is  much  more  than  just  picking  a  product  and  buying  it,  

take  for  instance  the  Ipod,  there  are  various  competing  products  in  the  market  out  there  

which  are  cheaper  and  potentially  better  value  for  money  but  it  is  not  about  picking  the  

best  value  for  money  its  about  what  brand  your  buying  into  and  what  that  brand  says  

about  you,  Bauman  states  ‘Consumers  get  bombarded  from  all  sides  by  suggestion  of  

products  they  need  to  gain  social  status’  (p.  55)  this  means  that  buying  into  an  MP3  player  

can  say  something  about  yourself  as  a  person  due  to  the  brand  associations  which  go  with  

the  product.  These  associations  also  link  in  with  Bauman’s  trickle  down  theory  where  we  

are  in  a  liquid  state  of  modernity  and  each  individual  needs  to  carefully  construct  their  own  

identity  through  the  products  they  represent  themselves  with.    

 

Karl  Marx  quotes  ‘but,  so  soon  as  it  steps  forth  as  a  commodity,  it  is  changed  into  something  

transcendent’  which  means  that  something  as  simple  as  an  IPod  will  have  a  different  social  

value  as  a  commodity  even  though  it  is  just  an  MP3  player  and  it  will  be  far  more  desirable  

to  consumers  than  any  other  product  in  its  class  even  though  there  is  not  much  of  a  

difference  except  to  be  part  of  a  brand  and  the  message  it  is  sending.    

There  is  something  very  appealing  about  being  part  of  a  brand  message,  it  allows  

consumers  to  be  send  a  message  about  their  identity  and  what  they  stand  for  in  today’s  

society  it  is  up  to  the  consumer  to  pick  through  the  thousands  of  established  brands  and  

what  they  represent  to  then  apply  it  to  their  lifestyle  or  to  base  their  lifestyle  on  the  

message  that  particular  brand  is  sending.  By  living  by  a  brand  it  allows  consumers  to  be  

more  confident  with  a  feeling  of  acceptance  in  today’s  brand  society  this  also  builds  and  

helps  to  retain  a  consumers  self-­‐esteem.    

 

 

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Apple  as  a  company  has  been  built  on  branding  and  almost  went  bankrupt  in  the  1990’s  

only  for  Steve  Jobs  to  come  back  and  completely  rebrand  and  rejuvenate  the  company  as  

being  cool  which  was  key  at  this  point  to  save  the  company.  Jobs  was  a  pioneer  of  

marketing  especially  early  on,  he  was  donating  Apple  products  to  film  directors  to  use  

before  they  even  knew  that  they  could  charge  company’s  for  product  placement.    

 

Klein  argues  that  Apple  does  not  just  sell  products  anymore  but  they  are  selling  brands,  

something  that  touches  on  people’s  dreams  and  aspirations,  “what  consumers  are  thinking  

and  feeling  while  they  were  consuming  the  product.”  (No  Logo  Documentary).  Apple  used  

great  visionary  icons  like  Gandhi  and  Albert  Einstein  to  persuade  people  that  their  brand  

might  also  allow  you  to  “think  different”,  people  buy  into  brands  like  these  because  they  

are  selling  not  only  products  but  also  powerful  ideas  such  as  transcendence  and  

community,  even  democracy,  it  is  these  powerful  idea’s  which  make  Apples  brand  loyalty  

one  of  the  strongest  within  the  brand  community.  Apple  also  brands  their  products  to  try  

and  drive  an  emotional  attachment  of  ‘family  ‘  and  ‘community’  out  of  its  customers  which  

is  why  Apple  has  some  of  the  most  loyal  customers  of  any  brand.  Another  reason  for  Apples  

brand  loyalty  is  it  urges  that  all  their  products  are  of  a  high  standard  and  that  they  look  

after  their  customers  like  a  family.  By  buying  into  apple  products  you  are  buying  into  a  

community,  their  products  are  all  linked  together  with  the  idea  of  selling  the  Apple  lifestyle  

of  doing  things  differently  as  soon  as  you  buy  into  one  of  their  products  you  are  instantly  

part  of  the  community  which  urges  you  to  buy  into  more  of  their  products  with  the  promise  

of  investing  in  your  social  membership  with  Apple  and  to  retain  this  membership  with  the  

‘Apple  family’.  

 

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Georg  Simmel  that  if  you’re  seeing  upper  class  people  walking  at  leisure  as  a  lower  class  

person,  you’ll  want  to  emulate  this.  The  lower  classes  will  try  to  copy  what  the  upper  

classes  wear.  This  is  called  the  ‘Trickle  down  theory’  where  the  upper  classes  determine  

the  fashion  and  desirable  items,  which  were  then  seen  as  symbols  of  wealth  by  the  lower  

classes.  This  can  also  be  applied  to  celebrity  culture,  purchasing  and  showing  off  clothes  

and  accessories  that  your  favorite  celebrity  owns.    

 

Apples  overall  goal  was  to  sell  the  IPod  as  being  cool  and  trying  to  give  their  product  a  list  

of  associations  buyers  would  recognize,  associations  which  would  make  their  product  not  

just  desirable  for  being  an  MP3  player  but  as  a  form  of  social  gain.    Naomi  stated  ‘Take  a  

cool  artist,  associate  that  mystique  with  your  brand,  hope  it  wears  off’  (p.  45)  this  means  

that  by  using  an  artist  who  was  already  recognised  as  being  ‘cool’  within  society  and  then  

associating  them  with  your  company  or  product  would  give  it  the  same  social  status.  

The  Black  Eyed  Peas  were  used  to  promote  the  Ipod  commercials,  a  group  of  artists  who  

were  already  well  established  in  the  social  ladder  as  being  ‘cool’  especially  within  the  youth  

culture,  what  this  did  is  give  the  Ipod  and  Apple  the  same  cultural  role  as  the  Black  Eyed  

Peas  making  their  brand  and  products  desirable  in  the  consumer  culture.  Associating  the  

Ipod  to  celebrities  links  in  with  Simmel’s  trickle  down  theory  and  gives  the  Ipod  not  only  a  

general  application  to  play  music  but  also  as  a  fashion  item  seen  as  a  symbol  of  wealth.    

Klein  talks  about  how  a  brand  sells  a  lifestyle  instead  of  just  a  product  and  this  is  exactly  

what  Apple  are  doing,  they  are  selling  the  IPod  to  the  youth  culture  as  a  cool  must  have  

MP3  player  which  is  far  superior  over  anything  else  in  the  market  due  to  what  Apple  brand  

stands  for  which  is  doing  things  differently  and  buying  the  IPod  over  the  various  other  

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products  you  are  not  just  buying  an  MP3  player  you  are  buying  into  the  Apple  family  and  

brand,  it  is  this  community  consumers  desire.    

 

   

This  is  an  example  of  one  of  the  ‘Think  Different’  ad  campaigns  Jobs  did;  he  uses  a  well-­‐

known  and  respected  icon  like  Albert  Einstein  who  made  incredible  breakthroughs  in  the  

world  of  science,  using  something  as  iconic  and  well  known  like  Einstein  sends  a  strong  

message.  Throughout  these  campaigns  he  uses  various  icons,  all  have  the  same  thing  in  

common  which  is  that  they  did  things  differently  and  did  not  stick  to  the  same  conventions  

created  by  modern  societies,  which  allowed  them  to  flourish  and  become  successful  in  their  

respected  fields.  The  ad’s  all  give  the  idea  that  if  these  visionaries  were  still  alive  they  

would  be  using  Apple  products  as  well.  By  advertising  a  brand  in  this  way  build  a  brand  

lifestyle  or  image  and  it  is  this  lifestyle  which  consumers  want  to  buy  into.  By  marketing  

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products  in  this  way  it  allowed  Apple  to  give  the  idea  that  their  brand  is  what  you  want  to  

be  using  if  you  are  a  professional  who  wants  to  make  a  difference  and  think  outside  the  

box.  It  is  marketing  the  products  with  the  idea  that  you  can  like  all  these  visionary  icons  

‘think  different’.  As  a  young  professional  you  have  a  desire  to  equip  yourself  with  the  best  

possible  tools  even  if  it  is  just  to  give  you  the  confidence  or  to  protect  your  self-­‐esteem.  The  

Apple  brand  message  allows  you  to  be  part  of  their  community;  it  lets  you  send  a  message  

about  your  own  life  style  of  being  a  Apple  user,  someone  who  stands  for  doing  things  

differently.  These  ad’s  were  not  featured  in  just  computer  magazines  but  in  high  end  

fashion  magazines  and  other  popular  magazines,  this  allowed  the  public  to  be  exposed  to  

the  apple  brand  in  places  where  they  assume  they  would  see  ‘cool’  products  and  gave  the  

brand  much  more  exposure.    

 

In  conclusion  apple  has  build  a  very  strong  brand  message  of  ‘doing  things  differently’,  

which  reflects  a  type  of  lifestyle  with  its  consumers  which  is  especially  desirable  if  you  are  

a  young  professional,  this  lifestyle  is  what  attracts  buyers  to  build  their  own  identity  

through  the  apple  brand  as  long  as  they  can  afford  it.  In  my  view  the  current  climate  of  

branding  and  brand  messages  which  are  being  send  in  today’s  society  urges  us  to  become  

commodities,  the  feeling  of  belonging  to  a  brand  and  its  lifestyle  is  going  to  become  ever  

more  present  especially  the  feeling  of  being  part  of  a  community  and  reflecting  your  views  

through  a  brand  is  becoming  more  popular  especially  due  to  the  fact  that  in  today’s  society  

we  are  constantly  being  bombarded  with  the  message  of  what  kind  of  person  you  are  and  

what  message  your  sending  with  the  products  you  consume  and  the  clothes  wear.  The  only  

fear  I  do  have  is  that  brands  are  going  to  keep  expanding  as  more  and  more  people  are  

buying  into  them  to  the  point  where  they  start  to  fully  integrate  into  today’s  modern  

society  where  we  just  except  being  part  of  them  and  life  our  lives  by  the  messages  they  

send.    

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

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