Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.
-
Upload
simone-eatherton -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.
![Page 1: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Identifying TurfgrassesIdentifying Turfgrasses
Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005
![Page 2: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Common Turfgrasses in Common Turfgrasses in TennesseeTennessee
Warm-seasonWarm-season
• BermudagrassBermudagrass• ZoysiaZoysia• CentipedegrassCentipedegrass• St. AugustinegrassSt. Augustinegrass
Cool-seasonCool-season
• Tall fescueTall fescue• Fine fescuesFine fescues• Kentucky bluegrassKentucky bluegrass• Perennial ryegrassPerennial ryegrass• Annual ryegrassAnnual ryegrass
![Page 3: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Turfgrass Turfgrass Growth Growth HabitHabit
TillersTillers
RhizomesRhizomes
StolonsStolons
![Page 4: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Growth HabitGrowth Habit
• Bunch: spread by Bunch: spread by tilleringtillering– Uniformity is problem Uniformity is problem
long term or at low long term or at low seeding ratesseeding rates
– Tall, Chewings and Tall, Chewings and Hard Fescues, and Hard Fescues, and Annual and Annual and Perennial Perennial RyegrassesRyegrasses
![Page 5: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Growth HabitGrowth Habit
• RhizomatousRhizomatous– Below-ground lateral shootsBelow-ground lateral shoots– Storage organsStorage organs
• Uniform turfsUniform turfs• Sod productionSod production• Bermudagrass, Bermudagrass,
Kentucky Bluegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass, Creeping Red Fescue Creeping Red Fescue and and ZoysiaZoysia
![Page 6: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Growth HabitGrowth Habit
• StoloniferousStoloniferous– Above-ground lateral Above-ground lateral
shootsshoots– Foraging organ; grow Foraging organ; grow
faster than rhizomesfaster than rhizomes
• Uniform turfsUniform turfs– Close mowing preferredClose mowing preferred
• Sod productionSod production• Bermudagrass and Bermudagrass and
ZoysiaZoysia
![Page 7: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
A Turfgrass PlantA Turfgrass Plant
![Page 8: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
VernationVernation
FoldedFolded RolledRolled
![Page 9: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Leaf TipLeaf Tip
RoundedRounded
Boat-shapedBoat-shaped
PointedPointed
![Page 10: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ligule
![Page 11: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Collar
![Page 12: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Auricles
![Page 13: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tall Fescue
• Growth habit: bunch• Vernation: rolled• Ligule: med.(0.4 - 1.2 mm), blunt• Auricles: short, blunt, hairs• Collar: broad, divided, short hairs • Blade: wide (5-10 mm), flat, stiff (coarse leaf)
![Page 14: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Vernation: foldedVernation: folded• Ligule: membranous, Ligule: membranous,
0.5 mm, blunt0.5 mm, blunt• Auricles: noneAuricles: none• Collar: narrow, Collar: narrow,
continuouscontinuous• Blade: 11/2 - 3 mm, Blade: 11/2 - 3 mm,
often remaining foldedoften remaining foldedRed fescueRed fescue
![Page 15: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hard fescueHard fescue ((Festuca longifoliaFestuca longifolia))
• Growth habit: bunchGrowth habit: bunch• Very stiff leaves, wider than sheep fescueVery stiff leaves, wider than sheep fescue• More tolerant of moist, fertile soils than sheep More tolerant of moist, fertile soils than sheep
fescuefescue• Uses: shade mixtures and soil stabilizationUses: shade mixtures and soil stabilization
![Page 16: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Poa spp.Poa spp.
• Most commonly used temperate grassMost commonly used temperate grass• More than 200 speciesMore than 200 species• Vernation: foldedVernation: folded• Auricles: noneAuricles: none• Leaf blade: boat-shaped tip; distinct central vein + Leaf blade: boat-shaped tip; distinct central vein +
parallel light veinsparallel light veins• Growth habit: bunch, stoloniferous or rhizomatous Growth habit: bunch, stoloniferous or rhizomatous
depending on speciesdepending on species• Cutting height: 1 to 4 inchesCutting height: 1 to 4 inches
![Page 18: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Ligule: membranous, Ligule: membranous, very short (0.2 - 0.6 very short (0.2 - 0.6 mm), bluntmm), blunt
• Collar: broad, dividedCollar: broad, divided• Leaf blades: smooth, Leaf blades: smooth,
central vein, boat-central vein, boat-shaped tipshaped tip
Kentucky bluegrassKentucky bluegrass
![Page 19: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua)
• Damp/moist, fertile soils• Sun to shade• Major component of many golf greens
(unintentionally) and lawns – often form conspicuous patches
![Page 20: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Ligule: long (0.8 – 3mm), membranous, pointedLigule: long (0.8 – 3mm), membranous, pointed• Collar: broad, dividedCollar: broad, divided• Blade: two - 3 mm wide; light- to dark-green Blade: two - 3 mm wide; light- to dark-green
ecotypesecotypes
Annual bluegrassAnnual bluegrass
![Page 21: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Wrinkled leavesWrinkled leaves
Long liguleLong ligule
Seed producer Seed producer ((1,190,000 seeds / lb.1,190,000 seeds / lb.))
Annual bluegrassAnnual bluegrass
![Page 22: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rough bluegrass(Poa trivialis)
• Growth habit: stoloniferous• Fine-textured, light green• Damp/moist, fertile soils• Poor heat/drought tolerance• Moderate to heavy shade
– turns brown & thins out in sun during summer
– *Overseeding bermudagrass
![Page 23: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Ligule: long (2 - 6 mm) membranous, Ligule: long (2 - 6 mm) membranous, pointed or notchedpointed or notched
• Collar: broad, dividedCollar: broad, divided• Blades: one - 4 mm wide; glossyBlades: one - 4 mm wide; glossy surface; sheath has “onion-skin” looksurface; sheath has “onion-skin” look
Rough bluegrassRough bluegrass
![Page 24: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Weak, small Weak, small and shortand shortstolonstolon
Rough bluegrass
Rough bluegrassRough bluegrass
![Page 25: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Perennial ryegrassPerennial ryegrass ((Lolium perenneLolium perenne))
• English ryegrassEnglish ryegrass
• Growth habit: bunchGrowth habit: bunch
• Origin: British Isles Origin: British Isles
• Annual or perennial according to locationAnnual or perennial according to location
![Page 27: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Vernation: foldedVernation: folded• Ligule: 0.5-2 mm, membranous, blunt to roundedLigule: 0.5-2 mm, membranous, blunt to rounded• Auricles: small, claw-likeAuricles: small, claw-like• Collar: broad, dividedCollar: broad, divided• Blades: flat, 2-5 mm wide; glossy undersideBlades: flat, 2-5 mm wide; glossy underside
Perennial ryegrassPerennial ryegrass
![Page 28: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Other ID tipsOther ID tips
Very red at the baseVery red at the base
Seeds are widerSeeds are widerabove the mid-pointabove the mid-point
Perennial ryegrassPerennial ryegrassPerennial ryegrass
![Page 29: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Italian ryegrassItalian ryegrass• Annual or short-lived perennialAnnual or short-lived perennial• Growth habit: bunchGrowth habit: bunch• Vernation: rolledVernation: rolled• Ligule: ½ - 2 mm, membranous, roundedLigule: ½ - 2 mm, membranous, rounded• Auricles: pointed, claw-likeAuricles: pointed, claw-like• Collar: broad, continuousCollar: broad, continuous
Annual ryegrassAnnual ryegrass
![Page 30: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
awnsawns
foldedfoldedrolledrolled
Annual ryegrass Perennial ryegrass
![Page 31: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
BermudagrassBermudagrass ((Cynodon Cynodon spp.)spp.)
• Most common southern turfgrass; highly Most common southern turfgrass; highly variable variable
• Several species and hybrids:Several species and hybrids:– Common = Common = Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylon (18 chromosomes) (18 chromosomes)
– African = African = C. transvaalensisC. transvaalensis (36 chromosomes) (36 chromosomes)
– Hybrids: Hybrids: C. dactylonC. dactylon x x C. transvaalensis;C. transvaalensis; Sterile Sterile
![Page 32: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
BermudagrassBermudagrass
• Vernation: foldedVernation: folded• Ligule: fringe of hairsLigule: fringe of hairs• Auricles: noneAuricles: none• Collar: continuous, narrow to broadCollar: continuous, narrow to broad• Blades: flat, 1.5 - 4 mm wide, smooth or hairy Blades: flat, 1.5 - 4 mm wide, smooth or hairy
above & belowabove & below• Growth habit: stoloniferous, rhizomatousGrowth habit: stoloniferous, rhizomatous
![Page 33: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
BermudagrassBermudagrass
![Page 34: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ZoysiaZoysia
![Page 35: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Zoysia Zoysia ((Zoysia Zoysia spp.)spp.)
• Three species used for turf:Three species used for turf:– Japanese lawngrass = Japanese lawngrass = ZoysiaZoysia japonicajaponica– Manilagrass = Manilagrass = Zoysia matrellaZoysia matrella– Mascarenegrass = Mascarenegrass = Zoysia tenuifoliaZoysia tenuifolia
![Page 36: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ZoysiaZoysia
• Vernation: rolledVernation: rolled• Auricles: noneAuricles: none• Ligule: fringe of hairsLigule: fringe of hairs• Collar: broad, continuous, w/ long hairsCollar: broad, continuous, w/ long hairs• Blades: flat, 2-4 mm wide, stiff, long hairs on Blades: flat, 2-4 mm wide, stiff, long hairs on
top (bottom)top (bottom)• Growth habit: stoloniferous, rhizomatousGrowth habit: stoloniferous, rhizomatous
![Page 37: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
pointed, stiff,pointed, stiff,upright leavesupright leaves
ZoysiaZoysia
![Page 38: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
CentipedegrassCentipedegrass ((Eremochloa ophiuroidesEremochloa ophiuroides))
• Moderately coarse -Moderately coarse -texturedtextured
• StoloniferousStoloniferous• Adaptation and UsesAdaptation and Uses
– Coastal, southern Coastal, southern transition zonetransition zone
– Lawns, rights-of-wayLawns, rights-of-way
• Use is increasingUse is increasing
![Page 39: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
CentipedegrassCentipedegrass
![Page 40: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• Coarse-texturedCoarse-textured• StoloniferousStoloniferous• Leaf blade constricted at the baseLeaf blade constricted at the base
St. AugustinegrassSt. Augustinegrass
![Page 41: Identifying Turfgrasses Agents Commercial Ornamental Horticulture In-service Training - May, 2005.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649c8a5503460f9494404a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)