302 Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 2020, 302 ...
Identifying Nuclear Reactions KEY - Chemistry 302
Transcript of Identifying Nuclear Reactions KEY - Chemistry 302
CH302 LaBrake, McCord, Vanden Bout
Identifying Nuclear Reactions Before being able to identify nuclear reactions you must first… Remember what the definition and/or the symbol, mass, and charge number are for each of these particles:
• Nucleon – either a proton or a neutron, a particle of the nucleus • Neutron -‐ n!! • Proton -‐ p!! • Electron -‐ e!!
! • Positron -‐ e!! • Alpha particle -‐ He!
! • Beta particle -‐ e!!
! (or e!! ) • Gamma particle -‐ γ!!
What would the symbol, mass, and charge number be for a hydrogen nucleus? H!! (which is the same thing as a proton) ***Neutrinos and antineutrinos are subatomic particles that we are NOT concerned with in nuclear chemistry since we are not concerned with conserving momentum and spin. Recall all the types of nuclear reactions possible and their definitions:
• Fission • Fusion • Transmutation • Decay
o Alpha decay o Beta decay o Positron decay o Electron capture
When identifying nuclear reactions ask yourself these questions Questions to ask yourself and the possible answers Conclusions or Next Step
1a How many nuclides or small particles are on the left side of the reaction? One
The reaction with be a type of decay, go to question 5
1b How many nuclides or small particles are on the left side of the reaction? More than one
Go to question 2
2a Is one of the nuclides on the left side of the reaction an electron? Yes
This reaction is most likely an electron capture
2b Is one of the nuclides on the left side of the reaction an electron? No
The reaction with not be a type of decay,
go to question 3
3a Is a heavy nuclei spliting into two lighter nuclei or are lighter nuclei coming together to make a heavier nuclei? A heavy nuclei is spliting into two lighter nuclei
This reaction is most likely a fission reaction
3b Is a heavy nuclei spliting into two lighter nuclei or are lighter nuclei coming together to make a heavier nuclei? Lighter nuclei are coming together to make a heavier nuclei
Go to question 4
4a Are the nuclei on the left side of the reaction about the same mass or is one substantially heavier than the other? They are about the same mass
This reaction is most likely a fussion reaction
4b Are the nuclei on the left side of the reaction about the same mass or is one substantially heavier than the other? One is substantially heavier than the other
This reaction is most likely a transmutation
5a What is the small particle that is produced in the reaction? Alpha particle
This reaction is most likely an alpha decay
5b What is the small particle that is produced in the reaction? Beta -‐ particle
This reaction is most likely a beta decay
5c What is the small particle that is produced in the reaction? Beta + particle
This reaction is most likely a positron decay
Now, lets practice! Identify each of the following nuclear reactions. U!"
!"# + n!! à Sr!"!" + Xe!"
!"# + 3 n!! fission N!!" à C!!" + e!! positron decay
Am!"
!"# à Np!"!"# + He!
! alpha decay H!! + H!! à He!
! + n!! fusion N!!" + α!! à O!!" + p!! transmutation
C!!" à N!!" + e!!
! beta decay Mo!"
!" + H!! à Tc!"!" + 2 n!! transmutation
Al!"
!" + e!!! à Mg!"
!" + γ!! electron capture Fe!"
!" + 2 n!! à Co!"!" + 2 e!!
! transmutation H!! + H!! à He!
! + n!! fusion Po!"
!"# à Pb!"!"# + He!
! alpha decay U!"
!"# + n!! à Te!"!"# + Zr!"
!"" + n!! fission Ac!"
!!" à Th!"!!" + e!!
! beta decay
Below are the above reactions arranged into lists of examples of each type of nuclear reaction. It is a good idea to add onto these lists with reactions seen in lecture, on homework assignments and in learning modules. These ongoing lists will help you recognize and identify the different types of nuclear reactions you encounter in the future. Transmutations N!!" + α!! à O!!" + p!!
Mo!"
!" + H!! à Tc!"!" + 2 n!!
Fe!"
!" + 2 n!! à Co!"!" + 2 e!!
! Fission U!"
!"# + n!! à Te!"!"# + Zr!"
!"" + n!! U!"
!"# + n!! à Sr!"!" + Xe!"
!"# + 3 n!! Fusion H!! + H!! à He!
! + n!! H!! + H!! à He!
! + n!! Alpha Decay Po!"
!"# à Pb!"!"# + He!
! Am!"
!"# à Np!"!"# + He!
! Beta Decay Ac!"
!!" à Th!"!!" + e!!
! C!!" à N!!" + e!!
! Positron Decay N!!" à C!!" + e!!
Electron Capture Al!"
!" + e!!! à Mg!"
!" + γ!!