Identification of vibrio cholerae pathogenicity
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Transcript of Identification of vibrio cholerae pathogenicity
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Mohan kumar yadav
B.Sc-M.Sc Bioinformatics
JNU,Jaipur
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Vibrio cholerae is a usual inhabitant of the marine environment
causes severe diarrheal disease contaminating thousands of people each year in developing countries.
Cholera is still a threat to a large number of people in the universe.
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Gram-negativeHighly motile; polar flagellum Brackish rivers, coastal waters
Associate with plankton and algaeProliferate in summers Cholera toxinPathogenic and nonpathogenic
strains206 serogroups
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Grows in salt and fresh water Can survive and multiply in brackish
water by infecting copepods Has over 150 identified serotypes
based on O-antigen Only O1 and O139 are toxigenic and
cause Cholera disease 2 categories of O1 serotypes –
Classical and El Tor
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A life-threatening secretory diarrhea induced by enterotoxin secreted by V. cholerae
food contaminated by copepods infected by V. cholerae
An enterotoxic enteropathy (a non-invasive diarrheal disease)
A major epidemic disease
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Occur 2-3 days after consumption of contaminated food/water
Usually mild, or no symptoms at all 75% asymptomatic 20% mild disease 2-5% severe
Vomiting Cramps Watery diarrhea (1L/hour) Without treatment, death in 18
hours-several days
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One hundred water samples were collected from four stations of Ahvaz Karun River.
After DNA extraction, a polymeras chian reaction (PCR) assay was performed for detection of ctxA and tcpA (both Classical and ElTor variants) and OmpW was in the strain that was recognized as V. cholerae non - O139 and non - O1
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The virulence of Vibrio spp. is regulated by the ctxAB and tcpA genes.
These genes are supposed to be exclusively associated with clinical strains of O1 and O139 serogroups
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Among 100 environmental samples of fresh water in this study, 27 isolate confirmed as V. cholerae spp. by PCR assay with ompW gene.
4 isolate that were confirmed V. cholerae non O1- non O139 had gene for toxin coregulated pilli.
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2 main serogroups carry set of virulence genes necessary for pathogenesis
O1Classical: 1 case per 30-100 infections
El Tor: 1 case per 2-4 infections O139
Contained in India, Bangladesh
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V. cholerae is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries.
The studies that were performed on V. cholera nonO1, nonO139 strains that usually do not carry the ctx genes coding for cholera toxin (CT) or toxin-co regulated pilus which are the most important virulence characteristics of the cholera causing strains.
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Pathogenic strains of V. cholerae contains two essential genetic elements, CTX element and the vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI) and toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP), respectively (Mishra et al., 2011)
tcp gene
ctx gene
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It is believed that most of the environmental strains do not produce cholera toxin
The knack of pathogenic Vibrio spp. to cause disease depends on the expression of virulence factors like a potent enterotoxin (CT), a pilus colonization factor toxin co-regulated pilus; TCP).
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Cholera toxin (CT), which is responsible for the life threatening diarrheal disease cholera gravis caused by epidemic cholera (Blackstone et al., 2007). All Vibrio strains that are able of causing cholera continuously carry genes for TCP
The nucleotide sequencing of OmpW gene in V. cholerae strains has unchanged among different V. cholerae strains that has made it a highly proper genetic marker for the organism (Nandy et al., 2000).
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Gene Primer Oligonucleotide Amplicon size
1.CtxA *F 5-CTCAGACGGGATTTGTTAGGCACG-3 301-bp References –(Shirai et al. (1991)).
*R 5-TCTATCTCTGTAGCCCCTATTACG-3
tcpA *F 5-CACGATAAGAAAACCGGTCAAGAG-3 617-bp
*R 5-ACCAAATGCAACGCCGAATGGAGC-3 tcpA *F 5-GAAGAAGTTTGTAAAAGAAGAACAC-3 471-bp *R 5-GAAAGGACCTTCTTTCACGTTG-3 OmpW- *F 5-CACCAAGAAGGTGACTTTATTGTG-3 588 bp *R 5-GAACTTATAACCACCCGCG-3
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In this investigation, we have studied the probability of the presence of genes that cods tcpA and ctxAB in V. cholerae non O1 and non O139.
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Boil or treat water with chlorine or iodine Cook everything Wash hands frequently
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WHO-World Health Organization (2010). Cholera, 2009, Wkly Epidemiol. Rec., 85: 293-308. Wachsmuth IK, Blake PA, Olsvik O (1994). Vibrio cholerae and cholera: Molecular to global
perspectives, Washington, DC: ASM Press, 293-295. Shimada T, Arakawa E, Itoh K (1994). Extended serotyping scheme for Vibrio cholerae. Curr.
Microbiol., 28: 175-178. Mishra A, Taneja N, Sharma RK (2011). Amplified fragment length polymorphism of clinical and
environmental Vibrio cholerae from a freshwater environment in a cholera-endemic area, India Mishra et al. BMC Infectious Diseases., 11(249): 1471-2334.
Faruque SM, Saha MN, Asadulghani Sack DA (2000). The O139 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae comprises diverse clones of epidemic and non-epidemic strains derived from multiple V. cholerae O1 or non-O1 progenies. J. Infect., Dis., 182: 1161–1168.
Faruque SM, Nair GB (2002). Molecular ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Microbiol. Immunol., 46: 59–66.
Blackstone GM, Nordstrom JL, Bowen MD (2007). Use of a real time PCR assay for detection of the ctxA gene of Vibrio cholera in an environmental survey of Mobile Bay. J. Microbiol. Methods, 68: 254-259.
Sharma A, Chaturvedi AN (2006). Prevalence of virulence genes (ctxA, stn, OmpW and tcpA) among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae isolated from fresh water environment. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 209: 521–526.
Herrington DA, Hall RH, Losonsky GA (1988). Toxin, toxincoregulated pili, and the toxR regulon are essential for Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis in humans., J. Exp. Med., 168: 1487–1492
Identification of Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island (ctxA, OmpW and tcpA) in non - O139 and non - O1 V. cholerae strains isolated from Karun River in
Ahvaz, Iran Ahmad Farajzadeh Sheikh1,2, Hamed Goodarzi1* and Sajad Aslani1
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