Identification of Tropical Spiderwort (AKA Benghal Dayflower)
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Transcript of Identification of Tropical Spiderwort (AKA Benghal Dayflower)
Identification of Tropical Spiderwort Identification of Tropical Spiderwort (AKA Benghal Dayflower)(AKA Benghal Dayflower)
Theodore M. Webster Theodore M. Webster
USDA-ARS, TiftonUSDA-ARS, Tifton
[email protected]@tifton.usda.gov
Eric Prostko, UGAEric Prostko, UGA
Coteledonary stalk – links seed to Coteledonary stalk – links seed to meristem (common in Commelinaceae)meristem (common in Commelinaceae)
Photo by Stanley Culpepper, UGAPhoto by Stanley Culpepper, UGA
Relative to other dayflowers, tropical spiderwort has
broad, short leaves
Leaf Length: Leaf Width ~ 1.5Leaf Length: Leaf Width ~ 1.5
(Less than 3:1)(Less than 3:1)Alan York, NCSUAlan York, NCSU
Of the 170 Of the 170 CommelinaCommelina spp., it is one of a few spp., it is one of a few that is vegetatively distinct (Faden 1992)that is vegetatively distinct (Faden 1992)
TROPICAL SPIDERWORTTROPICAL SPIDERWORTTip more bluntedTip more bluntedL:W Ratio <3:1L:W Ratio <3:1
SPREADING DAYFLOWERSPREADING DAYFLOWERTip sharperTip sharper
L:W Ratio L:W Ratio >>4:14:1
Mike Burton, NCSUMike Burton, NCSU
4.34.3
1.01.01.51.51.01.0
MARSH DAYFLOWERMARSH DAYFLOWERL:W Ratio ~ 6:1L:W Ratio ~ 6:1
Red Hairs at the Red Hairs at the apex of the apex of the
membranous sheathmembranous sheath
Herb Pilcher, USDA-ARSHerb Pilcher, USDA-ARS
Dayflower/Spiderwort Flowers Dayflower/Spiderwort Flowers (Commelina spp.)(Commelina spp.)
Asiatic DayflowerAsiatic Dayflower
Spreading DayflowerSpreading Dayflower
Tropical spiderwortTropical spiderwort
From SWSS Weed ID GuideFrom SWSS Weed ID Guide
From SWSS Weed ID GuideFrom SWSS Weed ID Guide
This slide is a bit deceiving,This slide is a bit deceiving,as tropical spiderwort flowersas tropical spiderwort flowersare much smaller than its twoare much smaller than its two
dayflower relativesdayflower relatives
Herb Pilcher, USDA-ARSHerb Pilcher, USDA-ARS
3 blue petals3 blue petals
Upper 2 petals blueUpper 2 petals blueLower petal whiteLower petal white
Fused Conical Spathe: Important Identifying Characteristic!Fused Conical Spathe: Important Identifying Characteristic!
Mike Burton, NCSUMike Burton, NCSU
Top View: Spreading DayflowerTop View: Spreading Dayflower
Side View:Side View:Spreading DayflowerSpreading Dayflower
FusedFusedNot FusedNot Fused
Asiatic DayflowerAsiatic Dayflower
Tropical SpiderwortTropical Spiderwort
Of the nearly 250,000 species of flowering plants…Of the nearly 250,000 species of flowering plants…
… … 36 have underground flowers36 have underground flowers
Herb Pilcher, USDA-ARSHerb Pilcher, USDA-ARS
Only dayflower speciesOnly dayflower speciesin the U.S. to havein the U.S. to have
underground flowersunderground flowers
Underground flowersUnderground flowers
2002 Arlene Mendoza2002 Arlene Mendoza
North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina State University
Key Characteristics for Tropical Key Characteristics for Tropical Spiderwort IdentificationSpiderwort Identification
• Leaf Length to Leaf Width Ratio <3:1; other Leaf Length to Leaf Width Ratio <3:1; other dayflowers are 4:1 or greaterdayflowers are 4:1 or greater
• Underground flowers – unique among Underground flowers – unique among dayflowers in the USdayflowers in the US
• Aerial flowers are much smaller than other Aerial flowers are much smaller than other dayflowers; 2 upper petals blue, lower one dayflowers; 2 upper petals blue, lower one whitewhite
• Red (or white) hairs at the apex of the sheath Red (or white) hairs at the apex of the sheath that surrounds the stemthat surrounds the stem
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[email protected]@tifton.usda.gov