Identification of the Primary Sources of Bacteria Loading in Selected Tributaries of Onondaga Lake
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Phase 1: Microbial Trackdown Study
Onondaga Environmental Institute102 W. Division St., 3rd Fl.
Syracuse, NY 13204
And
Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection650 Hiawatha Blvd.Syracuse, NY 13204
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Phase I Microbial Trackdown StudyFunded by Onondaga County through
Environmental Benefits Fund ($145k)Project oversight by NYSDECInvolved parties:
Onondaga Nation – USEPANYS Law Dept. – NYSDECOnondaga Co. – City of Syracuse ASLF – OEI
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BackgroundOnondaga Creek Revitalization Plan
Examined fecal coliform and rainfall data 2000-2007
200 cfu/100 mL exceeded on annual average basis of dry weather days: 16% at Dorwin Ave 75% at Kirpatrick St.
CSO’s not solely responsible for bacteria releaseProposal to OLP in 2008 by OEI and OCDWEP
Sept. 2008: Phase ISept. 2009: Phase I supplemental
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Comparison of Onondaga Creek WatersComparison of Onondaga Creek Waters to Value of to Value of 200 cfu/100mL for Pathogens200 cfu/100mL for Pathogens
All data collected by Onondaga County between January 1, 2000 and Dec. 31, 2006. Weather data are collected at Metro sewage treatment plant.
(precip. < 1.3 mm/day, past two days)
84%
16%
F.coliform <200colonies/100ml
F.coliform ≥200colonies/100ml
Dorwin Ave.
25%
75%
KirkpatrickSt.
Weather condition: Dry WeatherDays per year: 215 d/yr
76%
24%
(precip. ≥ 1.3 mm/day, past two days; rate < 5.3 mm/hr)
19%
81%
Light Precipitation73 d/yr
(precip. ≥ 1.3 mm/day, past two days; rate ≥ 5.3 mm/hr)
38%
62%
Heavy Precipitation77 d/yr
34days
181days
14days
59days
48days
29days
162days
54days
55days
18days
73days
4days
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PurposeIdentify urban and
rural sourcesMeasure season and
spatial variabilityTrace point source and
non-point source releasesPipesAgricultural runoffSeptic systemsSediment flux
Age of Syracuse Sewer System, OEI 2010
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Methods Sampling Period:
Phase 1: Sept. 2008 – June 2009 Phase 1 supplemental: Sept. 2009 – Nov. 2009
Dry weather only (< 0.08 inches of rain in previous 48 h)
Four tasks:1. Routine sampling2. Temporal sampling3. Point source identification4. Tributary trackdown
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Onondaga Creek
Harbor Brook
Bridge sampling8 events Sept – Nov. 20082 events April – May 2009Parameters:
Fecal coliformWater quality: temp, DO, pH, conductivity, turbidity.
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2. Temporal
Onondaga Creek
Harbor Brook
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3. Point Source Identification
Initial Any pipe, culvert, storm
drain, crack in concrete “Appreciable”
discharge - ~1 L/min
Follow-up F. coli > 1000
cfu/100 mL E. coli > 235 cell/100
mL New sources ID’ed
Supplemental 46 target sources
initially Then only where F.
coli > 200 cfu/100 mL
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Harbor BrookAccessed by:
Stream bankWading
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Onondaga CreekAccessed by canoe
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Spring Brook City Line Brook Spring Brook City Line Brook
4. Tributary Trackdown
April 8 & 22, 2009Sept. 21 & Nov. 19,
2009F. coli, E. coli, water
quality
Tributary Sites
Kimber Brook Outlet + 1 upstream
Cold Brook Outlet + 2 upstream
Hopper Brook (S) Outlet + 1 upstream
Spring Brook diversion
Outlet
City Line/Spring Brook
Outlet + 3 upstream
Hopper Brook (N) Outlet + 5 upstream
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1. Routine: Harbor Brook (2008-2009)
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1. Routine: Onondaga Creek (2008-2009)
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Routine SummaryHarbor Brook Onondaga CreekBacteria levels relatively
low2 samples > 1000
cfu/100 mLUpstream of Velasko
Rd., F. coli ≤ 210 cfu/100 mL
38.5% of samples > 200 cfu/100 mL
No consistent pattern
Bacteria levels typically low< 500 cfu/100 mL
Elevated levels observed at Dorwin October, 31 2008≥ 900 cfu/100 mL
Levels highly variable downstream of Dorwin Ave.40 – 5000 cfu/100 mL
Identified & repaired sewage inputs:Gifford St. collapsed pipeMidland Ave. collapsed
pipe
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Temporal Sampling Events
October 20, 2009 – Onondaga Creek
Pulse releases
Post-peak bacteria levels recede, but not to pre-release conditions
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2. Temporal (& routine 2008-2009)
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Temporal SummaryHarbor Brook Onondaga CreekOne spike at Velasko Rd.
2300 cfu/100 mLNo spikes observed at
Fowler HS or Hiawatha Blvd.
All other samples < 420 cfu/100 mL
No correlation between parameters
≥ 1 pulse(s) of bacteria from upstream source
Water quality relatively consistent, did not show sudden changes
Consistent w/ task 1 Sources btwn. Elmhurst
and Dorwin Aves.2 additional events Oct.
2009 Similar pattern as in May
and June 2009 Bacteria 2x’s as high Single intermittent
source upstream of Clary Middle School footbridge
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Point Source Summary: Harbor Brook11 of 13 PS’s F. coli < 100 cfu/100 mLHigh variability Point sources of concern:
PS Fall 2008Spring 2009
Fall 2009 Source
HB-PS100
15,500 cfu/100 mL
Not detectable
Groundwater, storm water, CSO078
HB-PS101B
Non-detect 58,000 cfu/100 mL
CSO018
HB-PS103
500 cfu/100 mL
Non-detect Possible cross-connection
HB-PS112
< 1000 cfu/100 mL
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Harbor BrookPoint Sources of ConcernHB-PS100 [CSO 078] - Laundromat repair,
confirmation neededHB-PS101b [CSO 018] - Groundwater infiltrationHB-PS103 - DePalma St cross connect, not
locatedHB-PS112 - Potential release at Hiawatha Blvd
HBIS reconstruction may mitigate, follow-up recommended
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Sewer Failures/Breaks1. Sept 19, 2008 (or
earlier?) – Oct 15, 20081. Collapsed pipe at
Gifford St.2. Continuous discharge
>>> CSO 036 3. Volume/duration is
unknown
2. April 11 - 20, 2009 Collapsed trunk sewer at Midland Ave. & W. Corning Ave.
Continuous discharge >>> CSO 067 (Newell St.)
Volume = 4.5 million gal
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0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000F
ec
al c
olifo
rm, c
fu/1
00
ml
19-Sep-08
24-Sep-08
30-Sep-08
7-Oct-08
DOWNTOWN SYRACUSETULLY VALLEY SOUTHSIDE/
NEDROW
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0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000F
ec
al
co
lifo
rm,
cfu
/10
0 m
l
15-Oct-08
24-Oct-08Sewer repaired
DOWNTOWN SYRACUSETULLY VALLEY SOUTHSIDE/NEDROW
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Fecal coliform concentrations
(cfu/100mL) & Flow (estimated gpm)
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Average point source load discharged into Onondaga Creek within a 12-hour period (Sampling period September 2008 - November 2009)
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Point Source Summary: Onondaga Creek6 sources – significant
discharge in fall (250-3600 cfu/100 mL FC); not flowing in spring
10 sources > 200 cfu/100 mL3 > 10,000 cfu/100 mLOC-PS21 & OC-PS61
consistently > 10,000 cfu/100 mL
OC-PS22 & OC-PS23 consistently > 1000 cfu/100 mL
11 sources identified as potential concern and recommended for follow-up
OEI Point Source Code
Number of samples
Average concentration (cfu /
100mL)¹
Load in cfu for 12hr period²
OC-PS25 6 6,861,667 652,557,798OC-PS03 5 1,657 31,513OC-PS05 1 200 3,804OC-PS07 2 50 47,551OC-PS08 1 10 951OC-PS69 1 60,000 114,122,326OC-PS10 1 10 9,510OC-PS11 6 1,199 114,059OC-PS12 1 10 190OC-PS13 1 10 9,510OC-PS15 1 10 9,510OC-PS53 2 473 8,987OC-PS17 1 10 9,510OC-PS54 1 10 9,510OC-PS71 1 25,000 2,377,548OC-PS70 1 120 114,122OC-PS77 1 30 57,061OC-PS55 4 547 51,973OC-PS56 1 10 19,020OC-PS57 2 20 1,902OC-PS58 2 10 9,510OC-PS18 1 10 9,510OC-PS19 1 1,909 36,310OC-PS59 1 10 9,510OC-PS60 1 10 951OC-PS27 1 100 9,510OC-PS20 4 1,350 128,388OC-PS61 7 35,471 3,373,402OC-PS63 5 536 50,956OC-PS73 1 100 9,510OC-PS21 7 1,322,987 125,818,628OC-PS76 1 6,000 570,612OC-PS65 3 73 69,741OC-PS22 4 20,450 1,944,835OC-PS23 10 4,177 7,945,577OC-PS66 2 10 9,510OC-PS68 2 10 9,510OC-PS67 3 177 16,801
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Onondaga CreekPoint Sources of Concern* major sources*OC-PS25 - City repair at Longmeadow & Hilton
Streets*OC-PS69 [CSO 067] - sewer collapse & repairOC-PS11 - High levels, sporadic sourceOC-PS71 - Limited data: High levels - sporadic sourceOC-PS70 - Limited dataOC-PS20 [CSO 037] - Potentially high concentration -
continuous very low to low flow – Byrne Dairy release
Follow-up Recommended
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Onondaga CreekPoint Sources of Concern* major sourcesOC-PS61 - Very high levels-continuous low flow*OC-PS21 - severe levels-continuous low flowOC-PS76 [CSO 028] -Limited data: high levels-
continuous low flowOC-PS22 – Very high levels–sporadic sourceOC-PS23 [CSO 080, EBSS] – High level-
continuous moderate flow (ACJ 4th stipulation)
Follow-up Recommended
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Supply Water Leaks(No evidence of sewage)
OC-PS17OC-PS54OC-PS56OC-PS59OC-PS60OC-PS20 [CSO
037]
Follow-up Recommended
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4. Tributary TrackdownFall 2008
3 tributaries > 4000 cfu/100 mLTrackdown results (2009)
Hopper Brook North consistently btwn 200-550 cfu/100 mL
Hopper Brook South, Spring Brook diversion (PS03), & City Line Brook Bacteria levels varied
Kimber Brook, Spring Brook, & Cold Brook Bacteria free
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Phase 1 Conclusions & Recommendations Identified sources of concern in Harbor Brook, Onondaga Creek &
Tribs Systems showed spatial and temporal variability Better understanding (multiple causes)of dry weather discharges
(residual CSO, ex-filtration to sub sewers/cross connects, or infiltration)
Identified and subsequently remedied several bacteria sources
More rigorous sampling design and analysis strategy Compliance benchmark – added events to AMP sites AMP sort data by dry v. wet weather OC flow control verify dry weather discharge at CSOs at manhole More comprehensive mapping Focus on dry-weather conditions, yet interpret alongside CSO
monitoring Shared information
Add/focus on priority point-source sampling
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Moving Forward…Phase 2 Microbial Trackdown Study: June 2012
Onondaga Creek, Harbor Brook, & Ley CreekTasks
1. Routine & Priority Point Source – 3x’s/mo.2. Temporal3. Point Source Identification4. Tributary Trackdown
Upper Onondaga Creek21 sites upstream of Dorwin Ave.20 events June – Sept. 2012