FIBER IDENTIFICATION COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING, QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE FIBERS
Identification of textile fiber
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![Page 1: Identification of textile fiber](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062302/589c6b241a28abe96c8b5487/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TEXTILE FIBER REPORT
By Chaudhry MufaazTS1-A
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Cotton fiber is a single elongated cell.
Under a microscope , cotton fiber looks like flat , spirally twisted ribbon-like tube with rough granular surface. Mercised cotton does not have natural twist. The finishing process makes them swollen,straight,smooth and round with a shining surface.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF COTTON
COTTON
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SOLUBLE IN Cuprammonium hydroxide.
INSOULUBLE IN 80% formic acid
xylene(boiling) Xyledimethylbenzene is
an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture consisting of a benzene ne, xylol or ring with two methyl groups at various substituted positions.
Formula: C8H10
COTTON
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BURNING TEST BURN CHARACTER:
steady flame/yellow flame.
SMOKE/SMELL: burning paper.
RESIDUE: soft dark ash
BURN TEST VIEW
COTTON
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Wool fiber has irregular,roughly cylindrical,multi cellular structure with tapered ends. Under a microscope,three basic layers are shown epidermis(outer layer) , cortex (midddle layer) and medulla (inner layer) medula seen only in coarse.
MICROSCPIC VIEW OF WOOL
WOOL
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SOLUBLE IN Molar sodium
hypochlorite Boiling 5% sodium hydroxide
INSOLUBLE IN Cold meta cresol 80%
formic acid. meta-Cresol, also 3-
methylphenol, is an organic compound with the formula CH₃C₆H₄. It is a colourless, viscous liquid that is an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
WOOL
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BURNING TEST Burn Character: self-
extinguishing Smoke/Smell:
burning hair/feathers. Residue: irregular
hollow bead Notes: shrinks from
flame.
BURN TEST VIEW
WOOL
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Linen fiber under a microscope , looks like having sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed edges. The filament show nodes at intervals . It in fact looks like a bamboo stick having joints that results into a little unevenness.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LINEN
LINEN
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SOLUBLE IN 75% (m/m) sulphuric
acid (slowly and may be partly only) swells in cuprammonium hydroxide.
INSOLUBLE IN Xylene (boiling) Meta
cresol.
LINEN
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BURN TEST Burn Character: slow
to ignite Smoke/Smell :
burning paper. Residue: fine gray
ash.
BURN TEST VIEW
LINEN
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Silk fibers are straight and smooth.
Raw silk fiber composed of two filaments , has elliptical shape under the microscope.
Two fine and lustrous filaments are shown clearly looking like transparent rods with triangular shape
Wild silk or tussah fiber has different appearance then cultivated fiber .It is flattened , coarse thick and broader fiber having fine line on its surface where as cultivated silk is narrower fiber with no marks on.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF SILK
SILK
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SOLUBLE IN cuprammonium
hydroxide Molar sodium
hypochlorite
INSOLUBLE IN Xylene (boiling)
Meta cresol.
SILK
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BURN TEST Burn Character:
burns slowly/self-extinguishing.
Smoke/Smell: burning hair.
Residue: irregular soft bead.
Notes: doesn't shrink from flame.
BURN TEST VIEW
SILK
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Polyester (aka Terylene) is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain.
Generally polyester fiber are smooth and straight and crossection in the round.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF
POLYESTER
POLYESTER
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SOLUBLE IN Hot meta cresol
dicholroacetic acid
INSOLUBLE IN Cold meta cresol
80% formic acid
POLYESTER
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BURN TEST Burn Character:
melts and burns. Smoke/Smell:
sweet chemical. Residue: hard
black bead. Notes: melted
fiber drips black smoke.
BURN TEST VIEW
POLYESTER
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The basic microscopic appearance is generally fine ,round , smooth and translucent.
Some times it has shiny appearance .if it looks dull ,it will also be dotted under the microscope.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF NYLON
NYLON
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SOLUBLE IN 80% formic acid
cold meta cresol.
INSOLUBLE IN cuprammonium
hydroxide. Dichloromethane
NYLON
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BURN TEST Burn Character:
melts and burns. Smoke/Smell:
celery odor. Residue: hard
black bead. Notes: melted
fiber drips.
BURN TEST VIEW
NYLON
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Longitudinal View : Cross wise marks called nodes or joints.
Cross sectional view : The fibres have a small central canal similar to the lumen in cotton.Several sided or polygonal with rounded edges.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
JUTE
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SOLUBLE IN 75% (m/m) sulphuric
acid (slowly and may be partly only) swells in cuprammonium hydroxide
INSOLUBLE IN Xylene (boiling) Meta
cresol.
JUTE
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BURN TEST Burn Character:
slow to ignite. Smoke/
Smell:burning paper
Residue: fine gray ash
BURN TEST VIEW
JUTE
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Longitudinal View : Uniform diameter with striation running parallel to the fiber axis.
Cross sectional view : Differ in cross sectional appearance according to the process used . Basically has a irregular cross section.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
VISCOSE
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SOLUBLE IN cuprammonium
hydroxide.
INSOLUBLE IN Xylene boiling 5%
of sodium hydroxide.
VISCOSE
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BURN TEST Burn Character:
burns rapidly. Smoke/Smell:
burning leaves. Residue: soft gray
ash.
BURN TEST VIEW
VISCOSE
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THANK YOU