1 GSC-9, Seoul

Mark Younge, mark.younge@t-mobile.com CONTACT:

GRSC-2; #5.1AGENDA ITEM:

Identification and (ILS)TITLE:

ATISSOURCE: GSC9/GRSC_028

Identification and Location Identification and Location Services (ILS)Services (ILS)

Mark L. Younge P.E. ATIS GSC Delegation

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Identification and Location Services (ILS)Identification and Location Services (ILS)

• Overview• Location Based Services (LBS)

– Wireless Emergency Services (WES)• Technology Architecture• Positioning Technologies• ILS Standards Specifications

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Identification and Location Services (ILS)Identification and Location Services (ILS)Definition• ILS is a suite of wireless mobility services aimed at providing the

location and other information of a mobile subscriber (target) to an ILS subscriber(s) (client) to provide and/or augment commercial and public services.Note: the ILS subscriber may also be the ILS client

Why ILS• Because you have to (Regulatory Mandate)• Competitive differentiation by providing highly personalized services

based on the location and preferences of the subscriber and client

ILS Components• Location Based Services/Applications (LBS)• Technology Architecture

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Location Based ServicesLocation Based ServicesLocation based information • Personalized push/pull information services based on

subscribers proximity to certain locations (e.g. Restaurants, retail stores, movie theaters, etc.)

Location sensitive billing• Rate plans based on proximity to home or workEmergency services• The subscriber’s position is given to public service in order to

dispatch on site emergency assistance (e.g. medical, fire, rescue, etc.)

Tracking • Monitoring the location and route of the subscriber in real time

(e.g. transportation, security, surveillance, etc.)

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US Mandate for WESFederal Communications Commission (FCC) Order 94-102 requires:

• Phase 0, October 1, 1997 - All 911 calls to be delivered to Public Safety Answer Points (PSAP) including non-initialized mobile devices

• Phase I, April 1, 1998 - Provide a call back number and location data to PSAP

• Phase II October 1, 2001 - Provide caller location within 125 meters 67% of the time based on a root mean square (RMS*) average

• Phase II + (to be phased in over a 4 year period)Handset based - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time Network based - 100 meters 67% of the time, 300 meters 95% of the time Hybrid - 50 meters 67% of the time, 150 meters 95% of the time

Wireless Emergency Services (WES) Wireless Emergency Services (WES)

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LBS Technology ArchitectureLBS Technology ArchitecturePositioning• Probabilistic determination of spatial coordinates of a target

Geographic Information Systems• Tools to provision and administer base map data such as man

made structures (streets, buildings) and terrain (mountains, rivers)• Manage point-of-interest data such as location of gas stations,

restaurants, nightclubs, etc. • Information about the radio frequency characteristics of the mobile

network

Location Management Function• Processes positioning and GIS data on behalf of LBS applications• Gateway and mediator between positioning equipment and LBS

infrastructure

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Positioning MethodsPositioning Methods

Network-based Mobile Positioning Technology - Position of target determined in the mobile network

• Mobility signaling information• Position Determination Equipment/Location

Management Unit (PDE/LMU)

Handset-based Mobile Positioning Technology - Position of target determined by terminal

• Global Positioning System• MAP and radio propagation data processed by a

positioning algorithm in the terminal

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Network-based Mobile PositioningNetwork-based Mobile PositioningSS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning - leverage the SS7 and IN network to obtain location, especially for mid-call/session position updates

• SS7 message may contain the cell of origin (COO) or cell ID of the corresponding cell site currently serving the user

• GSM MAP Any Time Interrogation (ATI)• ANSI-41 Position Request (PosReq) messages respectively for

positioning

LBS application can be middle-ware as an Service Control Function (SCF) launching a message (MAP ATI or PosReq) to the HLR for position information. The HLR may respond with approximate information (such as the COO) or more precise information (such as TA or NMR as in the case with GSM).

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Network-based Mobile PositioningNetwork-based Mobile PositioningAngle of Arrival (AOA)

Angle of received signal from handsetRequires adaptive antenna technology

Time of Arrival (TOA)Timing Advance (TA) or Round Trip Timing (RTT) from handset

Radio Propagation TechniquesLevel of received signal vs. Position determine previously determined mapping of the radio frequency (RF) characteristics of cell area

Hybrid MethodsUse the best of AOA, TOA, and RF to provide improved positioning

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SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for PositioningPositioning

Cell coverage area="Service area"

Base station

Base station coverage

Sector

MS

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Angle of Arrival (AOA)Angle of Arrival (AOA)

Cell coverage area="Service area"

Base station coverage

Base station

Sector

MS

AOA

Up Link Signal

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Angle of Arrival (AOA)Angle of Arrival (AOA)Cell coverage area="Service area"

Base station coverage

Base station

Sector

MS

AOAMulti-path

Multi-path

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Base station

Base station coverage

Sector

MS

Time of Arrival (TOA)Time of Arrival (TOA)

Timing Advance

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MS

SDCCH, TCH -ToA SDCCH, TCH -ToA

Up Link Time Difference of Arrival U-TDOAUp Link Time Difference of Arrival U-TDOAHyperbolic

Trilateration

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Radio Propagation Techniques

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Hybrid AOA + TOA Hybrid AOA + TOA

Cell coverage area="Service area"

Base station

Base station coverage

Sector

MSTiming Advance

AoA

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Handset-based Mobile PositioningHandset-based Mobile PositioningEnhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)• Round Trip Timing (RTT) derived TOA from 3+ base stations

Idle Period Downlink OTD Of Arrival IPDL-OTDOA• Trilateration of UTRAN frame timing to/from 3+ base stations

Enhanced/Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (E/AFLT)• Trilateration of CDMA messages from base stations

Global Positioning System (GPS) • GPS receiver in handset

Assisted GPS (A-GPS) • Additional network equipment deployed to calculate and relay relative

position along with satellite GPS information to the handset.

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Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)

MS

Round Trip Timing Round Trip Timing

Round Trip Timing

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UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD

IPDL-OTDOA

HyperbolicTrilaleration

UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD

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HyperbolicTrilaleration

Enhanced/Advanced FLT

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di - dj = c (ti - tj)

d1NeighborBase station

NeighborBase Station

Serving base station

Measurementerror margin

d2

d0

Hyperbolic Trilaleration

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The Global Positioning SystemThe Global Positioning System

Base station MSGPS Ground

Station

ephemeris, almanac,

clock...

ephe

mer

is, a

lman

ac, c

lock

...

ephemeris, alm

anac, clock...

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The GPS ProblemThe GPS Problem

Base station MS

ephemeris, almanac,

clock...

GPS GroundStation

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Assisted GPS (A-GPS)Assisted GPS (A-GPS)

Base stationMS

GPS ReferenceReceiver

ephemeris, almanac,

clock...

ephemeris, almanac,

clock...DGPS, timing, xyz

GPS GroundStation

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Summary of Positioning TechnologiesSummary of Positioning Technologies

  

Positioning Technology

Accuracy Network FCC Requirements

IN/SS7 Cell ID 200m-10km   Network based - 100 meters 67% of the time, 300 meters 95% of

the time

AOA 100m-2km  

TOA,TA 500 m  

EFLTU-TDOA

250 – 350m  

TOA, RTT 100-200m    

E-OTDAFLT

50-200m GSM Handset based/Hybrid - 50

meters 67% of the time, 150

meters 95% of the time

GPS 60s, 10-30m  

A-GPS 1s, 1-10m IDEN, CDMA

A-GPS/AFLT   CDMA

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ILS/LCS StandardsGSM Stage 1• TS 02.71 LCS; Stage 1

GSM Stage 2• TS 03.59 LCS GERAN• TS 03.71 LCS; Functional description

GSM Stage 3• TS 04.30 LCS; Supplementary service operations• TS 04.31 LCS; Mobile Station (MS) - Serving Mobile Location Centre

(SMLC) Radio Resource LCS Protocol (RRLP)• TS 04.35 LCS; Broadcast network assistance for Enhanced Observed

Time Difference (E-OTD) and Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning methods

• TS 04.71 LCS; Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification• TS 09.31 LCS; Base Station System Application Part LCS Extension

(BSSAP-LE)

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ILS/LCS Standards3GPP Stage 1• TS 22.071 LCS; Functional description

3GPP Stage 2• TS 23.171 LCS; Functional description (UMTS)• TS 23.271 LCS; Functional description• TR 23.835 Study into applicability of Galileo in LCS• TR 23.871 Enhanced support for user privacy in LCS

3GPP Stage 3 • TS 24.030 LCS; Supplementary service operations

3GPP2• IS-801 Position Determination Service Standard for Dual• Mode Spread Spectrum Systems• IS-801A Assisted GPS A-GPS

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WES/LBS StandardsWES/LBS Standards

PCS 1900/CDMA• J-STD-036-A-2002 Enhanced Wireless 9-1-1 Phase 2

incorporates a mobile positioning center (MPC) that would provide the location manager middle-ware function for WES as well as commercial based LBS.

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

• Margaret Livingston, Nokia• Mobile in a Minute• Openwave• Fall Creek Consultants• True Position• Manifest Technology• Universal Wireless Communications

Communications Consortium (UWC)