Ideker-ACI 201 – Guide to Durable Concrete · PDF fileACI 201 ACI 201 ––...
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ACI 201 ACI 201 –– Guide to Durable ConcreteGuide to Durable ConcreteUpdates to AAR Chapter 5Updates to AAR Chapter 5Updates to AAR Chapter 5Updates to AAR Chapter 5
Dr. Jason H. IdekerAssistant ProfessorOregon State UniversityOregon State University
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OutlineOutline
Current version of ACI 201.2R-08, Ch 5Proposed revisions to ACI 201.2R-08
– Improved technical information on ASR and ACR– Test Methods – significant focus here
G id f t M i ASR f ll i AASHTO– Guidance for to Managing ASR following AASHTO approach - Benoit
– 47 references added47 references added– Summary
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ACI 201.2R - 08Guide to Durable Concrete
Chapter 5: Alkali Aggregate Reaction•Types of Reactions•Evaluating Aggregates for Potential AAR•Preventive Measures
Preventive MeasuresEvaluating Aggregates forT f R ti Preventive MeasuresEvaluating Aggregates for Potential AAR
Types of Reactions
•ACR – Alkali Carbonate Reactionlittle information•ASR – Alkali Silica Reaction
•Field Performance•ASTM C 295 – Petrographic Exam
ASR
•Use of nonreactive aggregate•Use of low-alkali cement•Limits on alkali content (loading)S l imore in-depth information
Referred to other documents within ACI
•ASTM C 227 – Mortar Bar Test•ASTM C 289 – Quick Chemical Test•ASTM C 1260 – Accelerated Mortar Bar Test•ASTM C 1293 – Concrete Prism Test
•Supplementary cementing materials
•Fly ash and slag (together)•Silica fume •Natural pozzolansASTM C 1293 Concrete Prism Test
ACR•ASTM C 586 – Rock Cylinder Test•CSA A23.2-26A – Chemical Comp.•ASTM C 1105 – Concrete Prism TestOth t t
p•Tests for evaluating effect of pozzolans and slag on ASR
•ASTM C 441•ASTM C 1293 - mentioned•ASTM C 1567 mentioned•Other tests
Developing testing strategies and criteria
•ASTM C 1567 - mentioned•Suitable chemical admixtures
•Lithium salts•Other admixtures
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Chapter 5: Alkali Aggregate Reaction - PROPOSED UPDATES
IntroductionTypes of reactions
ACI 201.2R - XXGuide to Durable Concrete
Types of ReactionsDr. Michael D.A. ThomasDr. Jason H. IdekerTypes of reactions
Evaluating aggregates for potential alkali-aggregate reactivityPreventive measuresEvaluating preventive measuresApproaches for managing ASR
•ACR – Alkali Carbonate ReactionHistory, Reaction mechanisms•ASR – Alkali Silica ReactionHistory, Reaction mechanisms
pp g g
Evaluating Aggregates for Potential AAR
• (R) Field Performance Evaluating Preventive• (R) ASTM C295–Petrographic Exam
ASR• (NR) ASTM C227 – Mortar Bar Test• (NR) ASTM C289 – Quick Chem Test• (R) ASTM C1260 AMBT - cautions
Evaluating Preventive Measures
•ASTM C 441 - precautions•(R) ASTM C 1567•(R) ASTM C 1293
Preventive Measures
•Use of nonreactive aggregate•Limits on alkali contentS l i
Approaches for Managing AAR
(R) ASTM C1260 AMBT cautions• (R) ASTM C1293 – Concrete Prism Test•(NR) Accelerated Concrete Prism Testalso RILEM AAR 4 – Proposed( )
•Supplementary cementing materials
•Fly ash•Slag•Silica fume
Benoit Fournier addressedWill reflect AASHTO/FHWA approach
•(R) Concrete Microbar TestACR
•(R) ASTM C 586 – Rock Cylinder Test•(R) CSA A23.2-26A – Chemical Comp.•(R) ASTM C 1105 – Concrete Prism
•Natural pozzolans•Suitable chemical admixtures
•Lithium salts•Other chemical admixtures
( )Test•(R) Concrete Microbar Test•Other tests
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Types of ReactionsTypes of Reactions
Types of Reactions
•ACR – Alkali Carbonate ReactionHistory, Reaction mechanisms•ASR – Alkali Silica ReactionASR Alkali Silica ReactionHistory, Reaction mechanisms
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Test Methods for AARTest Methods for AAREvaluating Aggregates forEvaluating Aggregates for
Potential AAR
• (R) Field Performance• (R) ASTM C295–Petrographic Exam
• Stronger language and recommendations about test methodsG ll th t t f l d ti( ) S C 95 et og ap c a
ASR• (NR) ASTM C227 – Mortar Bar Test• (NR) ASTM C289 – Quick Chem Test• (R) ASTM C1260 AMBT - cautions
• Generally the tests of longer duration (e.g. the concrete prism test) are found to produce more reliable results than shorter duration highly aggressive( )
• (R) ASTM C1293 – Concrete Prism Test•(NR) Accelerated Concrete Prism Testalso RILEM AAR 4 – Proposed
shorter duration, highly aggressive tests e.g. standard mortar bar test and even the accelerated mortar bar test• High temperaturep
•(R) Concrete Microbar TestACR
•(R) ASTM C 586 – Rock Cylinder Test•(R) CSA A23.2-26A – Chemical Comp.
• High temperature• Sample size• Mass loss
( ) p•(R) ASTM C 1105 – Concrete Prism Test•(R) Concrete Microbar Test•Other tests
• Leaching (loss of alkalies)• Non-reactive aggregate issues
• Addition of new testing methodsg
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Test Methods (2)Test Methods (2)
ASTM C 227 – Not recommended for identifying ASR or for cement aggregate combinationsexcessive leaching, trouble identifying slow reacting aggregates
ASTM C 289 N t d d f d t tiASTM C 289 – Not recommended for detecting potentially deleterious alkali-silica reaction in aggregate samplesaggregate samplesloss of reactive phases during crushing/sievingtemperatures during test change reactiontemperatures during test change reaction kinetics from that seen in field cocnrete
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Test Methods (3)Test Methods (3)
Accelerated Concrete Prism Test – not a recommended test (NEW)excessive leaching due to temperaturemass loss (drying) of prisms, especially at early-
( t 7 d )age (e.g. up to 7 days)temperature (60C) changes reaction kinetics
sulfate drawn into solution preferrentiallynon-reactive fine aggregates play increasingly i l ( lk li l hi )important role (alkali leaching)
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Test Methods (4)Test Methods (4)
ASTM C 1260 – caution given to following test method carefully (volume of soak solution, bars
f l i t t t d t th tof only one mixture type stored together, prevent evaporation, others)
Limit of 0.10% at 14 days recommended based on correlation to field performanceon correlation to field performance
Precautions given to false negativesPrecautions given to false negatives
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Test Methods (5)Test Methods (5)
Concrete Prism Test – recommended test, most reliablereal-scale concrete tested, reduced leaching over mortar bar tests (ASTM C 227)d ti f 1 i till fduration of 1 or year is still of concern
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Test Methods (6)Test Methods (6)
Concrete Microbar Test (NEW)40 x 40 x 160 mm prism2.5-5 mm aggregate1260 storage conditions14 day test with an expansion limit ~ 0.90%identified aggregates with false negatives in 1260gg g grecommend running in conjunction with ASTM C 1260
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ACR Test MethodsACR Test Methods
Rock Cylinder Method (ASTM C 586)Chemical Composition (CSA A23.2-26A)Concrete Prism Test (ASTM C 1105)Concrete Microbar Test (CMT) (NEW)
2.5-5.0 mm aggregate and 5.0-10.0 mm28 day testing period for reactivityy g p yproposed limit of 0.10% at 28 days
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Preventive MeasuresPreventive Measures
Preventive Measures • Low alkali cements – removed• Alkali content focus
•Use of nonreactive aggregate•Limits on alkali content•Supplementary cementing
l
• Alkali content focus• SCMs – rearranged
• Fly ash and slag treated separatelymaterials
•Fly ash•Slag•Silica fume
l l
• silica fume: long-term effectiveness issues, ternary blends encouraged
• Lithium salts•Natural pozzolans
•Suitable chemical admixtures•Lithium salts•Other chemical admixtures
• lithium covered more in depth with inclusion of recent findings
• Dosage needed depends highly on reactive aggregate type
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Evaluating Preventive MeasuresEvaluating Preventive Measures
Evaluating Preventive
• New section• Precautions added in relation to ASTM
C 441Evaluating Preventive Measures
•ASTM C 441 - precautions•(R) ASTM C 1567
C 441• Need to test combinations of
SCMs and/or chemical admixtures ith ti t(R) ASTM C 1567
•(R) ASTM C 1293 with reactive aggregate• Still acceptable for comparing
efficacy of SCMs• ASTM C 1567 – AMBT added• ASTM C 1293 – language about 2 year
extension for testing preventive measures added.
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Tests for Evaluating Preventive MeasuresTests for Evaluating Preventive Measures
ASTM C 441 – added precautions about testing efficacy on aggregates
ASTM C 1567 (NEW)ASTM C 1293 (NEW)
language to relate to limits in CSA standards for running to 2 years
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Approaches for Managing AARApproaches for Managing AAR
Approaches for Managing AAR
Benoit Fournier addressed new AASHTO ifi tiAASHTO specificationsWill be reflected in new AAR Chapter
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SummarySummaryImproved technical information
on ASR and ACRTest methods – stronger
language, recommendations given, new methods discussed
Improved technical information on preventive measures
Evaluating preventive
Image Source: C. Rogers
Measures – test methodsApproaches for managing AAR
ICAAR – Held in Austin, Texas May 2012May 2012