Idaho firewise landscaping and mammal mitigation · 2020-06-11 · IDAHO FIREWISE LANDSCAPING AND...
Transcript of Idaho firewise landscaping and mammal mitigation · 2020-06-11 · IDAHO FIREWISE LANDSCAPING AND...
IDAHO FIREWISELANDSCAPING ANDMAMMAL MITIGATION
Deer & Rabbit Resistant Plants for the Home Landscape
Presented by Andrea DormanHorticulturist & Outreach Coordinator
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE
▪ Locally defined areas
▪ Boise Foothills – 15,831 acres
▪ Valley – 16,173 acres
▪ Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), defined as areas where homes are built near or among lands prone to wildland fire
▪ Not a place, per se, but a set of conditions
▪ Wildland fire: brush fires, forest fires, rangeland fires –all part of the WUI
https://opendata.cityofboise.org/datasets/wildland-urban-interface-wui-
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SAGEBRUSH STEPPE HABITAT – IMPORTANT PLANT SPECIES
▪ Sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata - sagebrush-dependent wildlife like pygmy
rabbits, sage-grouse / slow recovery after fire, often requires restoration efforts
▪ Bitterbrush, Purshia tridentata - many herbivores / sometimes re-sprouts after
fire
▪ Gray Rabbitbrush, Ericameria nauseosa - small mammals and birds, food source
and habitat / slow recovery after fire
▪ Green Rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus - highly palatable to rabbits /
vigorously re-sprouts after fire
▪ Netleaf Hackberry, Celtis reticulata - small mammals and birds, perch or roost
sites for predatory birds and owls / commonly survives and re-sprouts after fire
▪ Arrowleaf Balsamroot, Balsamorhiza sagittata - deer, elk in winter to spring +
birds and small mammals eat the seeds / high fire tolerance
▪ Biscuitroot, Lomatium - early spring pollinators, rare butterflies, sage-grouse
habitat due to plant attracting insects / re-seed after fire, important forb
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SAGEBRUSH STEPPE HABITAT – NATIVE FORBS
▪ Aase’s Onion, Tapertip Onion - Allium
▪ Buckwheat – Eriogonum
▪ Evening Primrose – Oenothera
▪ Globemallow - Sphaeralcea
▪ Lupine – Lupinus
▪ Milkvetch - Astragalus
▪ Phlox - Phlox hoodii, P. longifolia
▪ Pussytoes - Antennaria
▪ Sagebrush Buttercup - Ranunculus glaberrimus
▪ Sego Lily - Calochortus nuttallii
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SAGEBRUSH STEPPE HABITAT – NATIVE GRASSES
▪ Basin Wildrye - Leymus cinereus
▪ Bluebunch Wheatgrass - Pseudoroegneria
spicata
▪ Bottlebrush Squirreltail - Elymus elymoides
▪ Idaho Fescue - Festuca idahoensis
▪ Indian Ricegrass - Achnatherum hymenoides
▪ Need and Thread - Hesperostipa comate
▪ Red Threeawn - Aristida purpurea
▪ Sandberg Bluegrass - Poa secunda
▪ Thurber’s Needlegrass - Achnatherum
thurberianum
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Bunch grasses – singular plants in clumps or tufts rather than forming a lawn. Many species have long roots which aid in slope stabilization and erosion control. Native bunch grasses provide habitat and food for insects, birds, and small animals.
Link: A Field Guide to Plants of the Boise Foothills
https://dissolve.com/stock-photo/Bluebunch-wheatgrass-spring-palouse-prairie-rights-managed-image/102-D256-40-750
SAGEBRUSH STEPPE HABITAT – USING NON-NATIVES SAFELY
▪ Bulbs - compete for spring moisture from
invasive annuals such as cheatgrass
▪ Desert Marigold - Baileya multiradiata
▪ Small Burnet – Sanguisorba minor
▪ New Mexico Privet - Forestiera neomexicana
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https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BAMU
SAGEBRUSH STEPPE – INTRODUCED, INVASIVE FORBS
▪ Bachelor’s Button - Centaurea cyanus
▪ Bur Buttercup - Ceratocephala testiculata
▪ Jim Hill Mustard - Sisymbrium altissimum
▪ Leafy Spurge - Euphorbia esula
▪ Prickly Lettuce - Lactuca serriola
▪ Puncturevine - Tribulus terrestris
▪ Redstem Filaree - Erodium circutarium
▪ Rush Skeletonweed - Chondrilla juncea
▪ Russian Thistle - Salsola tragus
▪ Scotch Thistle - Onopordum acanthium
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SAGEBRUSH STEPPE – INTRODUCED, INVASIVE GRASSES
▪ Bulbous Bluegrass - Poa bulbosa
▪ Cereal Rye - Secale cereale
▪ Cheatgrass - Bromus tectorum
▪ Crested Wheatgrass - Agropyron
cristatum
▪ Intermediate Wheatgrass - Thinopyrum
intermedium
▪ Jointed Goatgrass - Aegilops cylindrica
▪ Medusahead - Taeniatherum caput-
medusae
▪ Ventenata Wiregrass - Ventenata dubia
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SAGEBRUSH STEPPE – INVASIVE PLANTS, FUEL FOR THE FIRE
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IF YOU CAN...
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▪ Make observations of adjacent WUI areas… seasonal maintenance efforts, evidence of foothill restoration efforts past or present, overall health
▪ Use fencing to mitigate deer
▪ Incorporate plant material into your landscape that is labeled deer and/or rabbit resistant*
▪ Protect plants that are delicacies for deer and rabbits if you can… e.g. new plants, leafy greens - fencing or wire cages
▪ Key goal - create a garden that contains very few mammal favorites… and be OK with occasional visits
*Disclaimer: deer or rabbit resistant plant material is not a guarantee, it is labeled so because it is less desirable than others – no plant is 100% resistant to a hungry animal – something that works for deer may not work for rabbits, and vice versa – each year may be different depending on weather conditions and available food sources for mammals
Plant Name Plant Type Sun/Shade
Allium, Ornamental Onion* Bulb Sun, Light Shade
Cleome, Rocky Mtn Beeplant Annual Sun
Crocus, Crocus Bulb Sun to Part Shade
Fritillaria, Fritillaria Bulb Sun, Light Shade
Galanthus, Snowdrops Bulb Sun to Part Shade
Narcissus, Daffodils Bulb Sun
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FIREWISE DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT ANNUALS & BULBS
Plant Name Plant Type Sun/Shade
Ajuga, Bugleweed Perennial Part Sun to Shade
Antennaria, Pussytoes Perennial Sun
Artemisia ‘Powis Castle’* Perennial / tall GC Sun
Cerastium, Snow-In-Summer Perennial Sun
Ceratostigma, Plumbago Perennial Sun or Shade
Geranium, Cranesbill Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Marrubium, Horehound Perennial Sun
Mirabilis, Desert Four O’Clock Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Monardella, Scarlet Monardella Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Stachys, Lamb’s Ears Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Teucrium aroanium, Gray Creeping Germander*
Perennial Sun
Veronica, Turkish Veronica or ‘Waterperry Blue’
Perennial Sun, Light Shade
Vinca, Periwinkle Perennial Part Shade
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FIREWISE DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT GROUND COVER
FIREWISE DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT GROUND COVER
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Plant Name Plant Type Sun/Shade
Agastache, Hyssop* Perennial Sun
Aquilegia, Columbine* Perennial Part Shade
Baptisia, False Indigo Shrubby Perennial Sun
Coreopsis grandiflora, Tickseed Perennial Sun
Erigeron, Fleabane Perennial Sun, Light Shade
Euphorbia, Cushion Spurge* Perennial Sun, Light Shade
Iris, Bearded Iris Perennial, Rhizomes Sun
Kniphofia, Red Hot Poker Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Leucanthemum, Shasta Daisy Perennial Sun, Light Shade
Linum, Flax Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Nepeta, Catmint Perennial Sun
Penstemon, Beard Tongue Perennial Sun
Saponaria, Soapwort Perennial Sun
Sphaeralcea, Globe Mallow Perennial Sun
Veronica, Speedwell Perennial Sun, Light Shade
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FIREWISE DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT PERENNIALS
FIREWISE DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT PERENNIALS
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Plant Name Plant Type Sun/Shade
Arctostaphylos, Manzanita* Shrub Sun
Berberis, Barberry Shrub Sun
Buddleia, Butterfly Bush Shrub Sun
Buxus, Boxwood Shrub Part Shade
Chaenomeles, Dwarf Quince Shrub Sun to Part Shade
Chilopsis, Desert Willow Large Shrub Sun
Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster* Shrub Sun to Part Shade
Daphne, Rock Daphne Shrub Sun to Part Shade
Mahonia, Oregon Grape Shrub Sun to Part Shade
Potentilla, Cinquefoil Shrub Sun, Light Shade
Ribes sanguineum, Currant Shrub Part Shade
Rhus ‘Gro-Low’ or ‘Autumn Amber’, Sumac
Shrub Sun
Syringa, Lilac Shrub Sun
Yucca, Adam’s Needle/Yucca Shrubby Perennial Sun
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FIREWISE DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT SHRUBS
FIREWISE DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT SHRUBS
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Plant Name Plant Type Sun/Shade
Ageratum, Floss Flower Annual Sun to Part Shade
Cercis, Redbud Small Tree Sun
Dicentra, Bleeding Heart Perennial Part Shade
Geum, Avens Hybrids Perennial Sun
Ginkgo, Maidenhair Tree Tree Sun
Eryngium, Sea Holly Perennial Sun
Heuchera, Coral Bells* Perennial Part Shade
Hibiscus, Rose of Sharon Large Shrub Sun
Lupinus, Lupine Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Monarda, Bee Balm Perennial Sun
Pachysandra, Japanese Spurge
Perennial Ground Cover
Part Shade to Shade
Platycodon, Balloon Flower Perennial Sun to Part Shade
Spiraea, Spirea Shrub Sun
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DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT PLANT MATERIAL NOT CURRENTLY BEING TESTED BY IDFW
Plant Name Plant Type Sun/Shade
Achillea, Yarrow Perennial Sun
Chamaebatiaria, Fernbush Shrub Sun
Fallugia, Apache Plume Shrub Sun
Lavandula, Lavender Perennial Herb Sun
Perovskia, Russian Sage Perennial Sun
Rosmarinus, Rosemary Tender Perennial Herb Sun
Salvia dorrii, S. pachyphylla Perennial Sun
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DEER AND RABBIT RESISTANT PLANT MATERIAL – XERIC BUT OILY
Sources: ▪ Missouri Botanical Garden▪ High Country Gardens▪ Proven Winners▪ College, University and
Extension Sources
Plant Observations –
Is it extremely fragrant when touched? Oil content… How big will it get at maturity? More fuel for the fire…Does it brown out in August? Loss of moisture content, flammable…
Plants that we ‘forgive’ for having some oil content due to low growth habit: Arctostaphylos x coloradoensis, Teucrium aroaniumChoose dwarf cultivars, limit numbers, and site carefully: Agastache, Monarda, Salvia
SOURCES & HELPFUL LINKS:
Contact: [email protected]
https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2013_utz_j001.pdf
https://kensgardens.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/deer-rabbit-resistant.pdf
https://cals.arizona.edu/extension/ornamentalhort/landscapemgmt/plantmaterial/deerresistpts.pdf
http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/animals/deer.aspx
https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/animals/rabbits.aspx
https://www.provenwinners.com/learn/top-ten-lists/12-hardy-deer-resistant-proven-winners-perennials
https://www.highcountrygardens.com/plant-finder/deer-resistant-plants