ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster...

14
ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific Workshop on ICT for Promoting Inclusive and Disaster Resilient Development 14-15 Mai 2015, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Christian Wilk metacognition consulting, General Manager

Transcript of ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster...

Page 1: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific

Workshop on ICT for Promoting Inclusive and Disaster Resilient Development

14-15 Mai 2015, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Christian Wilk

metacognition consulting, General Manager

Page 2: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Key Findings & Main Conclusions

ICTs in DRR and Disaster Management until recently:

– GIS and geospatial information and knowledge management

– Analysis of remote sensed (mostly space-based) imagery and data

– Information management to coordinate people & resources

Innovative Applications:

¬ ICT for Education & Training – Virtual Reality; Games: Thailand (UNESCO)

¬ UAVs (Humanitarian Drones) in disaster management – Nepal (2015), Vanuatu (2015), Philippines (2013), Thailand (2011), China

¬ Crowdsourcing of social media and Internet data – Nepal (2015), Vanuatu (2015), Philippines

¬ Disaster Robotics on the rise – Japan (2011): as conduits & for exploration

Page 3: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

ICT in Disaster Management: 4 Phases

¬ Mitigation: Minimizing the effects of disaster

– Examples: building codes and zoning, vulnerability analyses, public education

¬ Preparedness: Planning how to respond – Examples: preparedness plans, emergency exercises and training, early warning

systems

¬ Response: Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster – Examples: search and rescue (robotics), crisis mapping, information management

¬ Recovery: Returning the community to normal state – Examples: temporary housing (rapid prototyping technologies); grants; medical care

Page 4: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

ICT in Disaster Management: Main categories

¬ ICT Infrastructure: Augment or replace damaged main communication infrastructure – Examples: mobile, deployable units; TVWS (TV White Space), satellites

¬ Information management – Examples: Sahana, Ushahidi, ArcGIS, Humanitarian ID

¬ Remote Sensing & geospatial information – Examples: Satellite based, Drones, Philippine DOST’s NOAH project

¬ Data analysis using social media and crowdsourcing approaches

¬ Disaster Robotics and Rapid Prototyping

Page 5: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Crowdsourcing & Social Media 1: Overview

¬ What – Community generated data, exchanged on the Internet in online social communities as

pictures, messages and tweets can provide critical information for crisis mapping and

situational awareness building through the analysis of such crowdsourced data

¬ Why – During a disaster, the affected community, response agencies and governments must

all quickly understand who is in need, where they are, what is needed, which agencies

can supply the demand, safe routes, distribution and medical centers etc.

– Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient, cost-effective and high-quality solution to

this problem

¬ Who – Digital Humanitarian Network DHN

– Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team HOT

– The Standby Task Force SBTF

– The International Network of Crisis Mappers

Page 6: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Crowdsourcing & Social Media 2: Use Cases

¬ Nepal 2015 – Main objective is to crowdsource the

analysis of tweets and media to rapidly

assess disaster damage and needs

¬ Philippines 2012 and 2013 – In 2012, in response to typhoon Pablo, the

first time a map entirely sourced from

social media analysis was generated.

Within 10 hours more than 20.000 tweets

were analyzed.

Page 7: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Crowdsourcing & Social Media 3: Lessons Learned

¬ Lessons Learned

- Crowdsourced results (categorized messages/ tweets/ pictures; maps) can be

delivered within hours after the event of a disaster

- Issues of reliability and quality can be addressed by having multiple volunteers look at

the same data

- Effective management of large numbers of volunteers has become a problem itself,

but tools to support this have been or are currently developed

- Crowdsourcing in disaster response is still in its early stages, therefore much remains

to be learned, for instance better integration into established disaster response

mechanisms

- Inclusion of local community and diaspora abroad increases the quality of the output

¬ Outlook - Still labour-intensive, requiring a lot of manual input shift to semi-automatic support

using AI techniques such as machine learning/ classification

- Transition from crowdsourced text and image data to other data formats such as 3D,

topographical data in combination with UAVs

Page 8: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

UAVs 1: Overview

¬ What – Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones) have been increasingly used for crisis

mapping during disaster response as a replacement for traditional aerial imagery

collected by planes, helicopters or satellites.

¬ Why – UAVs offer a couple of advantages for localized aerial imagery collection or sensing:

quickly deployable, high-resolution sensors, efficient and cost-effective

¬ Who – UAViators

– Drone Adventures

Page 9: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

UAVs 2: Use Cases

¬ Nepal 2015 – …

¬ Vanuatu 2015 – …

¬ Philippines 2013 – ....

Page 10: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

UAVs 3: Lessons Learned

¬ Lessons Learned

- The biggest challenge remain legal and regulatory provisions (air space, liability,

im-/export).

- Good practices and lessons learned need to be collected, consolidated and shared

- Clear guidelines and a generally accepted code of conduct is needed

- Open issues that need further attention: quality control of UAV pilots, privacy and

data protection of collected data

- Engaging local communities on the use and purpose of UAV missioins is

paramount. UAVs and drones are generally associated with military and surveillance

applications.

¬ Outlook - Interest is growing in using UAVs (equipped with infrared cameras) for search &

rescue

- Cooperation and coordination among a group of UAVs will be possible

- Delivery drones for the supply of medicals and other urgent materials will be the next

step

Page 11: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Disaster Robotics 1: Overview

¬ What – Rescue robots are tactical, organic, unmanned systems that allow emergency

professionals to perceive and act at a distance in real time, also known as having a

remote presence at the disaster site.

¬ Why – Robots make it possible to enter and explore areas that are prohibitive for humans or

other living beings such as search and rescue dogs. Robots can also carry out

important indirect tasks such as acting as a mobile radio beacon or repeater, serving

as a surrogate team member, or shoring a collapse to make it safer for responders.

¬ Who – Center for Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue (CRASAR)

– International Rescue System Institute (IRS)

Page 12: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Disaster Robotics 2: Use Cases

¬ Japan 2011 Use Case – During the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster in 2011, Japanese rescue robots

were used at actual disaster sites for the first time. They were used and tested mainly

along the coastline and at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) to inspect

critical infrastructures, to search for missing persons driven underwater by the tsunami,

to remove debris in the disaster sites, and to inspect buildings that were in danger of

collapsing.

¬ Lessons learned - There was a lack of usable and ready to be deployed robots.

- The biggest issue with disaster robotics and most often cited reason for mission failure

were human interface issues.

- PPP are particularly important

¬ Outlook - Disaster robotics has high theoretical potential, but their use is currently limited by

technical limitations, which – as other areas like UAVs have shown – will be overcome

Page 13: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Recommendations

¬ ICT Infrastructure – Paramount importance remains a functioning, reliable ICT network infrastructure

¬ Awareness raising, Know-how & Technology Transfer – Actively promote and raise awareness of open-source and freely available ICT

solutions in disaster management

¬ Streamlined & harmonized regulations & legal provisions – Develop recommendations for legal and regulatory provisions for the use of automated

platforms like UAVs and disaster robotics

¬ Regional R&D support – Provide support for regional R&D projects and initiatives (financial, organisational,

awareness)

¬ Exchange of Best Practices & Lessons learned – Collect, consolidate and share best practices and lessons learned among countries

and stakeholders

Page 14: ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific in... · 2015-06-03 · ICT in Disaster Management Initiatives in Asia-Pacific ... – Crowdsourcing constitutes a quick, efficient,

christian wilk, [email protected]

Thank you!

[email protected]