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Introduction toIntroduction toInformation TechnologyInformation Technology

Your Digital World

C h a p t e r

11

McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights res

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Why become computer savvy?Why become computer savvy?

Know what computers can do for you

Know the limitations of computers

Know how computers can harm you

Know how to solve computer problems

Know when & how to get help

Discussion Question: What was your worst computer problem?

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How is IT being used inHow is IT being used inEducation?Education?

99% of schools have internet access85% of college students own their own computer of college students use the internet 4 or more hours per week

of all college professors require students to use email in their classesMany college classes are either taught online or have a classwebsite

Definition: Distance Learning is online education

Discussion Question: Have you ever used the computer in your classroom for something other than the work in that class?

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Rules for Computers inRules for Computers inClassroomsClassrooms

Problem: Computers in the classroom can be used or misused.What should they be used for?

Following the lecture slidesWorking along with the instructor Performing instructor-assigned internet searchesCompleting assignments for this class

What is misuse? Text messaging or emailing friendsSurfing the internet for entertainmentDoing assignments for other classes

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Health: High Tech for WellnessHealth: High Tech for Wellness

Telemedicine: Medical care via telecommunications letsdoctors treat patients from far away3D Computer models allow accurate tumor location

inside a skullRobots permit precise microsurgeryHandheld computers allow patients to measure bloodsugar

Medical implants allow stroke patients to directly controlcomputers to talk for themHealth websites provide medical information

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Money: Cashless Society?Money: Cashless Society?

Definition: Virtual means something that is created,simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or acomputer network

Virtual airline ticketsVirtual money

Online bill payingPayPalElectronic payroll depositMicropayments for online music

Discussion Question: How important is security if all your money is virtual?

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Leisure: Infotech inLeisure: Infotech inEntertainment & the ArtsEntertainment & the Arts

VideogamesDownloading

Movies

MusicTerm papers????Ethical/legal questions

Most movies use computer animationDigital editing

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IT in Government &IT in Government &DemocracyDemocracy

Governments cant control informationIndividuals can find multiple viewpoints on internetEmail makes it easier to contact the government

Competing websites promote & criticize politicianswww.whitehouse.govwww.whitehouse.org

Blogs are a tool for political candidates
http://www.whitehouse.gov/http://www.whitehouse.org/http://www.whitehouse.org/http://www.whitehouse.gov/

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Jobs & Careers Jobs & Careers

Hotels: Desk clerks use computerized reservationssystemsLaw Enforcement: Officers use computers

On patrolTo check stolen carsTo check criminal recordsTo check arrest warrants

Entertainment:Office uses like budgets, payroll, ticketingAlso virtual set design, 3-D animation, special effects

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Jobs & Careers Jobs & Careers

Office careers: Budget, payroll, letter-writing, emailTeaching: Automated grading systems, emailingparents

Fashion: Sales/inventory control systems, ordering,personnelJob-hunting:

Use word processor to create resumes

Post resumes onlineOnline job searches

Discussion Question: Can anyone think of a career that doesNOT require computer skills?

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Internet, World Wide Web, &Internet, World Wide Web, &CyberspaceCyberspace

CyberspaceTerm coined by William Gibson in Neuromancer (1984)Described a futuristic computer network people plugged

into directly with their brainsNow meansThe webChat rooms

Online diaries (blogs)The wired and wireless communications world

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Email TipsEmail Tips

Always put a subject line in your messageFor short messages, thats all you need

Send attachments only when necessary

Every recipient gets a copy For 500 people thats 500 copies!For a short attachment, copy the text to the email itself instead of sending the attachment

Dont open attachments unless you know the sender It could contain a virus or malware

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Email TipsEmail Tips

Use discretion about sending emailsEmails arent secretThey can be easily forwarded to others

Check grammar, spelling to bosses, customersDont use email to express criticism or sarcasmEmail received at work is the property of your employer

Deleting email messages does not remove themeverywhereDont neglect real personal contact

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5 Computer Types5 Computer Types

SupercomputersPriced from $1 million to $350 millionHigh-capacity machines with thousands of processors

Multi-user systemsTo learn more about one, go tohttp://www.llnl.gov/asci/platforms/bluegenel/

Mainframe Computers

WorkstationsMicrocomputersMicrocontrollers
http://www.llnl.gov/asci/platforms/bluegenel/http://www.llnl.gov/asci/platforms/bluegenel/

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SupercomputersMainframe Computers

Until late 1960s, the only computer availableCost $5,000 - $5 millionMulti-user systems; accessed using a terminalTerminals only have a keyboard and monitor; cant be usedaloneTo see one, go to

http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/WorkstationsMicrocomputersMicrocontrollers
http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/

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SupercomputersMainframe ComputersWorkstations

Introduced in early 1980sExpensive, powerful personal computersUsed for scientific, mathematical, engineering, computer-aideddesign (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)A less-expensive alternative to mainframesTo see some examples with current pricing, go to

http://www.mce.comMicrocomputersMicrocontrollers
http://www.mce.com/http://www.mce.com/

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MicrocomputersPersonal computers that cost $500 to $5000Used either stand-alone or in a networkTypes include: desktop, tower, notebooks, or PersonalDigital Assistants (PDAs)

Microcontrollers

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MicrocomputersMicrocontrollers

Also called embedded computersTiny, specialized microprocessors inside appliances andautomobilesThey are in: microwaves, programmable ovens, blood-pressuremonitors, air bag sensors, vibration sensors, MP3 players, digitalcameras, e-pliances, keyboards, car engine controllers, etc.

Discussion Question: Now,how many of you would say you have NOT used acomputer today?

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ServersServers

Are central computersMay be any of the 4 larger computer types.Server describes a function

Hold data (databases) and programsConnect to and supply services for clientsClients are other computers like PCs, workstations, other devices

d d

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Understanding Your OwnUnderstanding Your OwnComputerComputer

3 key conceptsPurpose of a computer

Turn data into informationData: the raw facts and figuresInformation: data that has been summarized andmanipulated for use in decision making

Hardware vs. SoftwareHardware is the machinery and equipment in the computer Software is the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task

d dU d di Y O

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Understanding Your OwnUnderstanding Your OwnComputerComputer

3 key concepts (continued)The basic operations

Input: What goes in to the computer systemProcessing: The manipulation a computer does to transformdata into informationStorage:

Temporary storage: Memory is primary storagePermanent storage: Disks and media such as DVDs and CDsare

secondary storageOutput: What comes outNumbers or pictures on the screen, printouts, sounds

Communications: Sending and receiving data

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Building Your Own PCBuilding Your Own PC

What would you need?Keyboard & MouseInside the system cabinet

Case and power supplyProcessor chip the Central Processor Unit (CPU)Memory chips Random Access Memory (RAM)Motherboard the system board

1. Memory chips plug in2. Processor chip plugs in3. Motherboard attaches to system cabinet

4. Power supply is connected to system cabinet5. Power supply wire is connected to motherboard

Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USB

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Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USBStorage capacity is represented in bytes

1 byte = 1 character of data1 kilobyte = 1,024 characters

1 megabyte = 1,048,576 characters1 gigabyte = over 1 billion characters1 terabyte = over 1 trillion characters1 petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters

Permanently installed: floppy drives, hard drives, Zipdrives, CD/DVD drives, USB portsRemovable media: floppy disks, Zip disks, CDs, DVDs,flash drives

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Output hardwareVideo and sound cardsMonitor

SpeakersPrinter Joystick

Communications hardwareModem (internal or external)Network Card

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SoftwareSoftware

System Software (Operating System)Must be installed before application softwareOperating System (OS) options for the PC

LinuxWindowsUnix

Operating System (OS) options for the MacMac OS

Application Software

Install after the OSApplication depends on OS, for exampleLinux applications wont work on WindowsWindows applications wont work on Linux

F t f I f tiF t f I f ti

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Future of InformationFuture of Information Technology Technology

3 directions of Computer DevelopmentMiniaturizationSpeed

Affordability3 directions of Communications DevelopmentConnectivityInteractivityMultimedia

C g P t bilit &Convergence Portability &

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Convergence, Portability, &Convergence, Portability, &PersonalizationPersonalization

Convergence: the combination of ComputersConsumer electronics

EntertainmentMass mediaPortabilityCollaboration: software that allows

People to share anything instantlyPeople to enhance the information as they forward it

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EthicsEthics

Definition: Ethics is the set of moral values or principles that govern the conduct of an individual or groupIs ethics relevant for Information Technology?Lets revisit the discussion question from slide 1-7 How important is ethics if all your personal information,health information, AND virtual money is stored on

computers?Would YOU trust a physician who downloaded his/her term papers from the Internet?

Ict Chap 001

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