ICT Basics-Hardware and Software

8/10/2019 ICT Basics-Hardware and Software

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Concepts of ICT

Proper Handling of Computers

Keyboard and Mouse Operation

Windows Environment

ile Management


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CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION ANDCONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY


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Concepts of Information and Communication Tec!nology

"# Online opinion

What is Data?What is Data?

Refers to the facts and figuresrelating to events that takeplace

refers to things known

a collection of independent rawfacts, numbers, letters, symbols


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"# Online opinion

What is Information?What is Information?

Information is data that is mademeaningful based on the needs of theuser through manipulation.

A computer can only processdata and create new data.

he data have to beinterpreted to yield theinformation

1 + 1 = 2


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"# Online opinion

D sira!" #$a"iti s of InformationD sira!" #$a"iti s of Information

Relevance

!ompleteness

imeliness

Accuracy

!ost "ffective

R E L E

V A N C

E

C O M P L E T E N

E S S

TIMELINESS

A C C U R

A C Y

C O S T E F F E C T I V E


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"# Online opinion

Data Pro% ssin& Con% 'tsData Pro% ssin& Con% 'ts

Input-Process-Output ModelRefers to a conceptual framework wherein input in theform of data is processed which would result in the

generation of an output in the form of information .

PROCESS

DATA INFORMATION

INPUT OUTPUT


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Data Pro% ssin& C(%" sData Pro% ssin& C(%" s

Flow o d!t! ro"t#e "o"ent $t $s

recorded unt$l t#et$"e $t %eco"es !

us!%le p$ece o

$n or"!t$on

Or$&$n!t$on

InputPrep!r!t$on

Process$n&

OutputPrep!r!t$on

Stor!&e

Feed%!c'


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"# Online opinion

What is Information T %hno"o&(?What is Information T %hno"o&(?

In or"!t$on Tec#nolo&( )IT* is the totality ofmeans employed to systematically collect, process,store, present, and share information, in support of

human intellectual activities.

Information echnology is also known asIn or"!t$on !nd Co""un$c!t$ons Tec#nolo&()ICT*


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What is Comm$ni%ationWhat is Comm$ni%ation

T %hno"o&(?T %hno"o&(?he electronic transfer of information from one location toanother

#A A !$%%&'I!A I$'( or #A A!$% refers to digitaltransmission.

")"!$%%&'I!A I$'( or ")"!$% refers to a mi* ofvoice and data, both analog and digital

'" +$R I'- refers specifically to )A'sand +A's. ransmission of informationover the network

WANWAN


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What is Com'$t r?What is Com'$t r?

!omputer is an electronic data processing machinecapable of performing mathematical and logicaloperations and processing large volumes of data at

high speed


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Ca'a!i"iti s of Com'$t r Ca'a!i"iti s of Com'$t r

Ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations

Ability to store and retrieve information

Ability to handle large volumes of repetitive tasksaccurately

!an communicate with its operators and othermachines.

!apable of remote processing


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Limitations of Com'$t r Limitations of Com'$t r

Information is provided by a human being

!an detect but cannot correct an inaccurate entryby itself

(ub ect to occasional breakdown


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Com'$t r S(st m Com'on ntsCom'$t r S(st m Com'on nts

D!t!w!re

he systematic and organi/ed collection of data and proceduresrelevant to the organi/ation

Peoplew!rehe personnel who manage the "#0 system, who design

applications, who write and encode the programs

+!rdw!re

he computer and all of its physical components such as disk

drives, printer, input terminals So tw!re

he non1physical components such as computer programs,computer language and operating system


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Th P o'" )arTh P o'" )ar

0ersonnel involved in the design, development,installation and maintenance of computer

C f f i d C i i l


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Th Har*)arTh Har*)ar

Refers to the e2uipment3devices that make thecomputer system perform one or more functions

!omputer and all of its other physical components

Funct$on!l Co"ponents

Input #evices

$utput #evices

!entral 0rocessing &nit

(econdary (torage &nit

#ata !ommunication #evices

C f I f i d C i i T ! l


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In'$t D +i% sIn'$t D +i% s

4andle the entering in of programs and datathrough the keyboard or other input devices

, (!oar* Mo$s -o(sti%. an* )h " To$%h S%r n

St("$s an* Di&ita" P n

Di&ita" Cam ra an* W ! Cam ra

S%ann r

/ar Co* R a* r

Image source: Discovering Computers 2008

C t f I f ti d C i ti T ! l


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O$t'$t D +i% sO$t'$t D +i% s

ranslate the result of computer processing intohuman readable form through the monitor or printer


C t f I f ti d C i ti T ! l g


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C ntra" Pro% ssin& UnitC ntra" Pro% ssin& Unit

4eart of the computer which handles the entireoperation of the systemAlso known as the central processor and sometimesthe brain of the computer system



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Stora&Stora&

Also known as the secondary memory which servesas the storage area of the computer system




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Th Parts of th Com'$t r Th Parts of th Com'$t r

image from http://www.pcguide.com/intro/over.htm



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00Internal Parts of System Unit Internal Parts of System Unit 11




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Th Soft)arTh Soft)ar

Refers to the non1physical components, such as theoperating system and the machine coded instructionsthat direct and control the different hardware

facilities

ypes of (oftware(ystem (oftware

Application (oftware



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S(st m Soft)arS(st m Soft)ar

0rovides an interface between the programmers and operatorsand between the hardware system and the applicationsoftware

$perating (ystems(upervises the overall operation of the computer, controls the

flow of programs in and out of the system, switchesinput3output machines and calls program from storage



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A''"i%ation Soft)arA''"i%ation Soft)ar

Refers to programs designed to perform specific dataprocessing tasks for a particular application

&sually written by the vendor or user that contains the logic to

update and maintain a company5s records or files to ease theburden of day1to1day operation of the company


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Pro' r Us of Com'$t rsPro' r Us of Com'$t rs


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ErgonomicsErgonomicsThe science of designing e uipment for a comforta!"e

and safe wor#ing environment.

$roper Computer Ergonomics$ro per Computer Ergonomics

%it up straight and "ean forward s"ight"& from the waist.'eep &our feet f"at on the f"oor.

(our !od& shou"d !e a!out a hand)s "ength from the front ofthe #e&!oard and centered with the #e&!oard.

Proper $se of Computers


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$"ace a"" materia"s &ou wi"" t&pe on the right side of$"ace a"" materia"s &ou wi"" t&pe on the right side ofthe computer and supp"ies on the "eft side.the computer and supp"ies on the "eft side.

'eep an& items &ou are not using off &our des#.'eep an& items &ou are not using off &our des#.

*ccasiona""& rest &our e&es and ta#e short !rea#s.*ccasiona""& rest &our e&es and ta#e short !rea#s.

+void "ights that cause g"are on the monitor.+void "ights that cause g"are on the monitor.




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'eep &our fingers on the home row #e&s and curved.

'eep &our wrists up, not touching the #e&!oard or des#.

-ocus &our e&es on the !oo#, cop& or screen.

p $ p



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2DT S(n*rom2DT S(n*rom 6# (yndrome

Is health problem caused by wrong use of thecomputer and once

VDT's (Visual Display Terminals) place a significant levelof strain on our eyes. Anyone who uses one often canattest to this fact. In some studies, up to 80% of VDTusers report !omputer Vision "yndrome symptoms ofeyestrain. The reason for this prevalence comes from#oth ergonomic and physiologic factors.

$http &&www.visionarts.ca&vdtuse.htm



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2DT S(n*rom s2DT S(n*rom s

6# (yndromes are as follows. Carpal tunnel syndrome 7 0ain at the hand and thewrist and fingers become numbed.

Myofascial pain syndrome 7 (tiffness or sharp painat the back of neck, shoulder or waist. Turtle neck syndrome 7 8orms a bent back posewith head forward.

Visual system indisposition syndrome

7 )oss ofsights or develop eye diseases like keratitis orcon unctivitis.

.



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Pr + ntin& 2DTPr + ntin& 2DT

Ergonomics is the science of designing e uipment of asafe and comforta!"e wor#ing environment. ComputerErgonomics is a!out things that &ou can do to ma#ewor#ing on a computer more comforta!"e and safer for&our !od&.

Ergonomic factors are now fair"& we"" understood !&most DT users: have a comforta!"e chair, good "ighting

free of g"are , ua"it& monitor with high refresh rate,etc.

p p

http://www.visionarts.ca/vdtuse.htm



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)ower the monitor and increase room humidity. 0lace the computer 9:;


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0reventing 6# !lean the monitors to prevent reflection from stains

or dusts.

&se blinds or curtains to prevent from monitor toreflect lights.

)ower the brightness of the monitor. Avoid colors that provokes the eyes.

(it properly at the chair with your back straight andbody close to the desk. 8eet should be placed on the floor and rela*ed. #o

not cross your legs..



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2DT Pr + ntion Dai"( E3 r%is2DT Pr + ntion Dai"( E3 r%is

Arm "*ercise +rist "*ercise (houlder "*ercise

'eck "*ercise+hole >ody "*ercise



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Pro' r Wor.station D si&nPro' r Wor.station D si&n

9. 0osition in a well1ventilated room.


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Pro' r Wor.station D si&nPro' r Wor.station D si&n

http733www.funonthenet.in3images3stories3forwards3correctB


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Goo* Post$rGoo* Post$r



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Goo* Wor.in& Ha!itsGoo* Wor.in& Ha!its

ap on the keys3mouse buttons gently.

Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing.

C ake short stretch breaks, ideally every


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MOUSE AND ,EY/OARDMOUSE AND ,EY/OARD

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

Mouse and Keyboard Operations


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Mo$s O' rationsMo$s O' rations

+ mouse is a handhe"d pointing device for computers. It is fittedwith one or more !uttons and shaped to fit natura""& under thehand, and is used to se"ect and move o!1ects on the screen.

Mouse Pointer : *ften in the form of an arrow, represents themovement of the mouse or an& pointing device on the screen.

sed to point to se"ected areas, icons, app"ications, te3t, o!1ects,etc.



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Mo$s O' rationsMo$s O' rations

Point . 4oving the mouse to the desired "ocation and pointing to the o!1ect. Click . $ressing the "eft mouse !utton Double Click . $ressing the "eft mouse !utton twice. sed to start or open an

app"ication Drag . 5o"ding down the "eft mouse !utton whi"e moving the mouse Click and Drag . +ction for high"ighting a se"ection. $oint the mouse !utton at

the start of the se"ection, and then c"ic# and drag the mouse to the end of these"ection.

Drag and Drop . +ction for moving an o!1ect or se"ection. C"ic# on the o!1ectand ho"d down the mouse !utton, drag the o!1ect to desired "ocation, and dropto the new destination !& re"easing the mouse !utton.



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Point rsPoint rs

Different pointers &ou wi"" encounter: Mouse pointer 6orma" +rrow : +ppears if &ou have a mouse

insta""ed and it is used to point or to se"ect a command or o!1ects.

Resizing Arrow : Two7headed arrow that appears at the window !orders to resi e a window.

Insertion Arrow Cursor : The I7!eam that &ou usua""& see when&ou are wor#ing on a document, showing the e3act"ocation/position where &ou can t&pe or insert te3t or graphic.



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, (!oar*, (!oar*


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%oftware

+ set of instructions the computer uses to te"" thehardware what to do 7 7 ena!"es particu"ar tas#s


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*perating %&stem

a 9raphica" ser Interface that can run man& programs simu"taneous"& and a""ows its user to

manipu"ate and interact more free"&

indows is the most common

Th D #


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The Des#top

Icons

%tart;utton

Tas# ;ar

d


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indows

Tit"e ;ar

4inimi e,4a3imi e,C"ose

%tart 4enu

+ctivewindow

Inactivewindow

%cro"" ;ar


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%torage Devices

-"opp& Disc

CD


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%afet& = Cautions

%afe shut down iruses, sp&ware %cams, hoa3es

%ecurit&, privac&


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FILE MANAGEMENTFILE MANAGEMENT


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-i"e 4anagement

The operating s&stem provides an organi ationa"structure for the computer)s contents

5ierarchica" structure of directories > Drives

-o"ders(ubfolders

D 8iles


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-i"e 4anagement


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iewing and %orting

-i"es and -o"ders -"ip?D


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iewing and %orting

-i"es and -o"ders Detai"s view

iewing and %orting


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@A

iewing and %orting-i"es and -o"ders

BargeIconview


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iewing and %orting


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iewing and %orting-i"es and -o"ders

Tiles view displays les an d folders as i cons i n list form. Eachicon includes t he lename, the a pplication associated with thele, and the le si ze. The d isplay information is cu stomizable.The Tiles view also displays picture d imensions, a h andy feature

for Web-page developers. List view is another display of even smaller icons and lenames.

This is a g ood view if you have a l ot of content in the folder andneed to see m ost or all of it at once.

Small and M edium Icon vi ews also displays les an d folders asicons in list form, but the i cons are ei ther a sm all or medium sizeand include no other le information than the lename. However,additional le i nformation is d isplayed in a ScreenTip.


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6aming -i"es

-i"ename: 6ame assigned p"us fi"ename e3tension Characters not "ega" in

indows fi"enames:

3 E F G H J 7 Character not "ega" in 4ac

fi"enames:7

,$oreport doc

or

,$o report doc


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-i"ename E3tensionsExtensionExtension Type of DocumentType of Document ApplicationApplication

.doc.doc Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Word 2003Microsoft Word 2003

.docx.docx Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Word 2007Microsoft Word 2007

.wks.wks Word-processing documentWord-processing document Microsoft Works wordMicrosoft Works wordprocessingprocessing

.wpd.wpd Word-processing documentWord-processing document Core Word!erfectCore Word!erfect

.x s.x s "pre#ds$eet"pre#ds$eet Microsoft %xceMicrosoft %xce

.s r.s r "pre#ds$eet"pre#ds$eet Microsoft WorksMicrosoft Worksspre#ds$eetspre#ds$eet

.md&.md& '#t#se'#t#se Microsoft (ccessMicrosoft (ccess

.ppt.ppt !ower!oint !resent#tion!ower!oint !resent#tion Microsoft !ower!ointMicrosoft !ower!oint

.pdf .pdf !ort#& e 'ocument )orm#t!ort#& e 'ocument )orm#t (do&e (crot or (do&e(do&e (crot or (do&e*e#der*e#der


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@@

-i"ename E3tensions cont.

ExtensionExtension Type of DocumentType of Document ApplicationApplication.rtf .rtf +ext +ext (n, progr#m t$#t c#n(n, progr#m t$#t c#n

re#d text documentsre#d text documents

.txt.txt +ext +ext (n, progr#m t$#t c#n(n, progr#m t$#t c#nre#d text documentsre#d text documents

.$tm or .$tm.$tm or .$tm We& p#geWe& p#ge ,per+ext M#rkup,per+ext M#rkup#ngu#ge#ngu#ge

.&mp.&mp /itm#p im#ge/itm#p im#ge WindowsWindows

. ip. ip Compressed 1 eCompressed 1 e Win ipWin ip


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-i"e $ath

-i"e path: Bocation of the fi"e

You can tell the location of a le by its le path. The le path starts with the

drive in which the le is located, and includes all folders, subfolders (if any), thelename, and extension. For example, if you were saving a picture of EmilyBront for a term paper for an English Comp course, the le path might beC:\My Documents\Spring 2009\English Comp\TermPaper\Illustrations\EBronte.jpg.


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or#ing with -i"es

-i"e management actions: > *pen > Cop&

> 4ove > De"ete


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ti"it& $rograms %ma"" programs that perform specia" functions:

> 4anage s&stem resources > Create p"easant environment

> Improve efficienc&

Utility p rograms a re small applications t hat perform special functions.Some u tility programs he lp manage syst em resources (such a s di sk d efragmenterutilities), others h elp make your time and work on the computer more pleasant (suchas sc reen savers), and still others improve efficiency ( such as le compressionutilities).


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Disp"a& ti"ities

Change the appearance of: > Des#top

> indows co"ors > -ont si es

Inc"udes: > %creen savers > %creen reso"ution > C"ear T&pe


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+dd or $rograms cannot simp"& !e de"eted


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-i"e Compression ti"ities


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%&stem 4aintenance ti"ities Dis# c"eanup: C"eans unnecessar& fi"es


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%&stem 4aintenance ti"ities

Dis# defragmenter %canDis#:

> Error7chec#er

Tas# 4anager

Disk d efragmenter utilities regroup related pieces of les together on the hard disk,allowing the OS to work more efficiently. Using the Windows Disk Defragmenter

Analyzer feature, users s hould check their hard drive several times a year.Error-checking, once known as ScanDisk , checks for lost les and fragments a s w ellas p hysical errors on your hard drive. Sometimes E rror-checking can recover the lostdata, but, more often, it deletes t he les t hat are taking up space unnecessarily.If a program on your system has st opped working, you can use the Windows TaskManager utility to check o n the program or to exit the nonresponding program.


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%&stem


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%&stem ;ac#up

;ac#up > Creates cop& of hard drive to another storage device

Tas# %chedu"er

>


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+ctivit& :+ctivit& :

A. Definition of 5ardwareA. Definition of 5ardware

2. Definition *f %oftware2. Definition *f %oftware

?. Definition of C$?. Definition of C$

. Definition of


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Acknowledgment


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End of presentation

ICT Basics-Hardware and Software

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