Ict as an important tool in rural development in context to Agriculture, e - governance, dairy...

ICT as an effective tool in rural development

Nischay K. PatelM.V.Sc. Scholar

Veterinary Extension

Contents of seminar

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1. Introduction 2. Current Indian Rural Scenario3. Sectors impacted through ICTs Livestock Extension Agriculture Veterinary and animal husbandry services E – Governance Co – operative Dairy 4. Challenges in application of ICTs5. Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

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India has a major share of the global population of the livestock, with rich and vast genetic resources.

Livestock industry plays an important role in national economy and socio-economic development of our country especially rural India.

Over the span, India has transformed from a country of acute milk shortage to the world’s leading milk producer.

But, unfortunately per animal per lactational production remains a law, mainly because of lack of adoption of improved livestock farming practices with less scientific and traditional extension approaches.

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Agricultural extension services in India are usually designed around crop husbandry, while public sector initiatives towards animal husbandry are often dominated by animal breeding and health services. (Y P Singh, 2013)

The traditional livestock extension techniques and processes have their own limitations.

The use of ICT has potential to change the economy of livestock in India.

But the success of ICT applications in livestock extension depends upon various issues.

If that issues are sorted out, then the potential of ICT can be tapped for delivery of livestock extension services

What is ICT ????

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Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Includes any communication device or application,

encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network, hardware and software, satellite systems as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.

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Components of Information Communication

Technology

Written Print MediaNews paperCircular letter Leaflet BulletinPamphlets

Audio Radio Telephone

VisualPictureExhibition

Audio-visualFilms TelevisionVideo

New ICTsComputer Internet VC Kiosk

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Rural Development is a process of change, by which the efforts of the people themselves are united with those of government authorities to improve their economic, social and cultural conditions of communities in to the life of the nation and to enable them to contribute fully to national programme.

-United Nations

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“If the village perishes India will perish too. India will be no more India. Her own mission in the world will get lost. Therefore we have to concentrate on the village being self-contained.”

-M.K. Gandhi

Current Indian Rural Scenario

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6,40,867 villages

7935 towns

Urban and rural population in INDIA 2011

POPULATION

http://censusindia.gov.in/2011

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Literacy Rate2001

Literacy Rate2011

TOTAL RURAL URBAN TOTAL RURAL URBAN

INDIA 64.83 58.74 79.92 74.04 68.91 84.98

Gujarat 69.14 61.29 81.84 79.31 73.00 87.58


LITERACY RATE

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Electricity Supply

Electricity Supply(INDIA)

Electricity Supply(GUJARAT)

YEAR RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN

2001 55.3 81.84 73.00 87.58

2011 61.29 92.7 80.4

90.4


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Sectors Impacted Through ICTs

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Agriculture

e-Governance

Veterinary&

A.H.

Dairy Sector

LivestockExtension

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Livestock Extension

Limitations of traditional livestock extension methods

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Expensive

Time consuming

Distortion

Poor communication capacity

Neglect of extension in livestock development

(Sasidhar and Sharma, 2006)

Potential advantages in livestock extension using ICTs

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Cut steps in the diffusion process

Save money and effort

Instant international reach

Continuous availability

(Sasidhar and Sharma, 2006)

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AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Development projects using ICTs

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Gyandoot Project (Madhya Pradesh)

Warana Wired Village Project (Maharashtra)

iKisan project of the Nagarjuna group of companies (Andhra Pradesh)

Fasal - free SMS-based service

Kisan Call Centre (KCC)

Gyandoot Project

Dhar District (Madhya Pradesh)

Low-cost, self sustainable rural intranet project

Objective is to improve governance at village, block and district levels

Main focus is overall rural development rather than exclusively agricultural development

(Panda et al., 2004)20

Gyandoot’s information services

1. Prices of agricultural product in different market centers

2. Online provision of land records

3. A rural email facility

4. Ask the Expert

5. Online matrimonial sites

6. Gaon ka akbaar

7. Swaliram se puchiye

8. Avedan patra

9. Registration of births and deaths21

Cont…

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The Warana cooperative sugar factory, registered in 1956

Formation of over 25 successful cooperative societies in the region

cooperative movement

The total turnover of these societies exceeds Rs. 60 million

Electronic telephone exchange, Connecting nearly 50 villages permitted dial-up connections from village kiosks to the servers

Region is considered to be one of the most agriculturally prosperous in India

Warana Wired Village Project

http://www.e-agriculture.org

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The project provide the following services:

• Agricultural, medical and educational information to the villagers at booths in their villages.

• Communication facilities at the booths to link villages to the Warana cooperative complex

• National Informatics Centre Network (NICNET) and a geographical information system (GIS)

Cont…

iKisan Project

Nagarjuna group of companies1. Website - iKisan.com2. Technical centers at village level

Nine Technical centers (kiosks)

Operators of the kiosks- Agricultural graduates Interface computer networks farmersDiagnose, analyze & advise about diseases & pests Let Us Talk online chat among farmers or

between farmers and experts 24 ( Shaik et al., 2014)

The offline services provided by i-Kisan are :

Information about agricultural equipment and other inputs and their availability

Poultry- and animal husbandry-related information.

Market information

Crop insurance information

Information regarding cropping patterns and systems

Question-and-answer services

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Cont…

FASAL- Free SMS Service

Objective - To provides real-time price information to rural farmers

fasal.intuit.com26

27 “Mobile Technology Boosts Farmers Income”

Cont…

Kisan Call Center (KCC)

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• The Kisan Call Centre is a combination of ICT and Agricultural technology.

• KCC takes queries of farmers and answers in their language from 6:30 am to 10 pm, seven days a week.

• It also identifies pest attacks and outbreak of animal diseases in any particular geographical area and the information collected that provided to the State Agriculture Department for taking timely action by broadcasting on television, radio and other mediums.

• Kisan Call Centre Toll Free Number: 1800- 180-1551

Objective - To make agricultural knowledge available at free of cost to the farmers as and when desired.

http://agricoop.nic.in

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LEVEL – 1 Agricultural graduates

LEVEL – 3 Specialists available within state or

outside the state(Nodal cell)

LEVEL – 2 Subject Matter Specialist

(Research Stations, ATICs, KVKs, Various colleges in SAUs)

How KCC works ?????Cont…

Video Conferencing

Use of video conferencing to connect farmer to an agricultural Expert Obtaining answers before it is too late

BeforeIn a Village in

Madurai, the Lady’s Finger (Okra) cropwas turning white

After

The problem was sent to the experts at the

Department of Rural Extension, Madurai

Agricultural College and Research Centre who

diagnosed it as “Yellow Mosaic disease”

(Jhunjhunwala and Ramachander, 2005) 30

Weather Services to Agriculture

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Division of Agricultural Meteorology was set up in 1932 under the

umbrella of India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Pune.

OBJECTIVE To minimize the impact of adverse weather on crops

and to make use of favorable weather to boost agricultural

production

http://www.imd.gov.in

Dissemination of Agromet services in India

32 http://www.imd.gov.in

VETERINARY AND ANIMAL HUSBANDARY SERVICES

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Artificial Insemination Management

Personal Digital Assistants Maintain owner and animal data

Simputer and a smart card Inform the animal owner the expected next heat of the animal and the same system can be used to plan the rounds of the Inseminator for insemination

(Maru, 2007)34

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Benefits

• Enabling and monitoring of fertility at various levels such as village, block and taluka level.

• Reduce the number of missed heat for insemination

• Used to plan the production and supply of semen for an animal-breeding program

Cont…

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AI Technicians Milk Recorders Resource Persons Veterinarians

• Registration• AI• PD• Calving

• Yield measurement• Milk Sample Collection

• RB Individual & Group of Animals• Feed &Fodder sample collection

• Diagnosis• Treatment • Testing• Outbreak

MobileFarmers

SMS –Alert Messages

Communi-CationMedia

Synchronisation GSM/GPRS

NDDBAnalytical reports

NDDB’s Nutrition Lab.

Disease Diagnostic Lab.

Central server

Android Applications

APLLICATION NAME LOGO DESCRIPTION

Veterinary Drug Index-India

Drug names and trade names (India)

The Merck Veterinary

Manual

Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of

animal disorders and diseases

https://play.google.com/store37

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Vet Calculator

Allows us to perform eleven different

calculations including drug doses, fluid and energy requirements

and infusions.

Help for Vets Agrovet Market

Physiological and clinical values for 11

animal species

Cont…

Balance Ration And Area Specific Mineral Mixture

• NDDB has developed user-friendly computer software for balance the ration of animals with the available feed resources and area-specific mineral mixtures.

• To balance rations in the field, ‘Nutrition masters’ were created which contain

1. Data on the chemical composition of commonly used feed ingredients across various agro-climatic regions

2. Nutrient requirements of cows and buffaloes in all physiological condition.

39 (FAO , 2012)

Personal Digital Assistants loaded with the ration balancing software

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• Approximately 11,500 animals were analyze from seven locations which indicated that feeding a balanced ration can increase net daily income by 10–15 percent.

• It will increase in milk production and a decrease in the cost of feeding.

Cont…

Video conferencing

• Goat had a wound near its

mouth and Could not eat .

• A web-cam picture sent to the

vet college in Madurai.

• The suggestions from the vet

cured the goat in two days(Kumar et al., 2002)41

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S.No Name of the ICT tool Developers End users / target

groups

1 Dairy tool box ILRI

Front line extension agents of public

sector, NGO workers and progressive

farmers

2 Talking PicturesAvailable as a part of

dairy toolbox Front line extension agents, NGO workers

ICT tools developed by various Institutes and their target groups

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3

DRASTIC

(Dairy Rationing System for The

Tropics)

Available on cost basis from

http://www.stirlingthorne.com

Front line extension agents,

NGO workers

4 Information kiosk RAGACOVAS Farmers

5 Poultry expert system

College of veterinary sciences

Organised Poultry farmers

6 DISK NDDB-Amul-IIMA

Operates across the dairy chain

(Farmers,Societies, unions and federations)

(Thirunavukkarasu and Mohan, 2002 )

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S.N. Statements

Agree Undecided Disagree

f % f % F %

1 ICTs are useful for retrieving latest knowledge 5 100 - - - -

2 It is difficult to use ICTs in the organization because of its cost - - - - 5 100

3 ICTs are not compatible with existing traditional methods - - 2 40 3 60

4 Effective utilization of ICTs is possible 4 80 1 20 - -

5 They help in quick and timely decision making 5 100 - - - -

Applicability of ICT tools by A.H Service Providers

(Sireesha et al., 2014)

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S.No Statements


f % f % f %


2 It is difficult to use ICTs in the organization because of its cost - - - - 4 100

3 ICTs are not compatible with existing traditional methods - - - - 4 100

4 Effective utilization of ICTs is possible 4 100 - - - -


Applicability of ICT tools by financial organization


Applicability of ICT tools by Educational and Research Organizations

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S.No. Statements


f % f % f %


2 It is difficult to use ICTs in the organization because of its cost - - 1 12.5 7 87.5

3 ICTs are not compatible with existing traditional methods - - 1 12.5 7 87.5




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S.No. Statements


f % f % f %


2 It is difficult to use ICTs in the organization because of its cost - - 2 33.3 4 66.6

3 ICTs are not compatible with existing traditional methods 2 33.3 3 66.6 - -



Applicability of ICT tools by Non Governmental Organizations and Cooperative Organizations


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Applicability of ICT tools by Private Organizations

S.No. Statements

Agree Undecided Disagreef % f % f %


2 It is difficult to use ICTs in the organization because of its cost - - 2 20 8 80

3 ICTs are not compatible with existing traditional methods 1 10 3 30 6 60


5 They help in quick and timely decision making 10 100 - - - -(Sireesha et al., 2014)

E-GOVERNANC

E

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OBJECTIVES

1. To build an informed society

2. To increase Government and Citizen interaction

3. To encourage citizen participation

4. To bring transparency in the governing process

5. To reduce the cost of Governance

6. To reduce the reaction time of the Government

50 (Saxena, 2010)

GSWAN (Gujarat State Wide Area Network)

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GSWAN is an end-to-end IP based network designed for the service convergence (Voice, video and Data) on a single backbone, for the state Government of Gujarat.

1st Tire - Secretariat Center at state capital, Gandhinagar. Various departments and hundreds of subordinate offices located at the state capital are connected through SCAN (Secretariat Campus Area Network)

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3rd Tire - Constitutes Talukas Centers, located at Taluka Mamlatdar’s office and Taluka Development Office provision are kept for connecting Taluka level other offices horizontally. All Talukas are connected to District Centers.

2nd Tire - Constitutes District Centers, located at district collector’s office and multiple district level other offices connected with District Centers horizontally.

http://www.gil.gujarat.gov.in

Cont…

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e-Dhara

Vision: To enable access and maintenance of village land records in an easy, transparent and secure manner

Objectives : 1) Physical Village Land Records Electronic records.

2) Automate maintenance and updation of Village Land Records

http://gil.gujarat.gov.in/edhara.html

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SWAGAT- State Wide Attention on Grievances by Application of Technology

Mission : Effective, transparent and speedy redress of the grievances of the citizens at various levels of the Government throughout the State by direct interaction with the Chief Minister.

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• An excellent model of e-transparency.

• Activate administration to solve public grievances at State, District and Sub District Level

• It saves time and cost of public.

• The SWAGAT system gives satisfaction to common citizen

gil.gujarat.gov.in/swagat.html

Cont…

e - CHOPAL

• Data accessed by the farmers relate to the weather, crop conditions, best practices in farming

• This networking with the farming community has enabled to build a highly cost effective procurement system.

http://www.itcportal.com

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Dairy Sector

ICT in the dairy sector was developed by CEG-IIMA

Aim - Assisting the dairy unions in effectively scheduling and organizing the veterinary, artificial insemination, cattle feed and other related services

The application uses Personal Computers at the milk collection Centers of the DCS having connectivity to ISP.

The application includes two components 1. A Dairy Portal (DP) and 2. A Dairy Information Services Kiosk(DISK)

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Dairy Information Services Kiosk (DISK) and Dairy Portal

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NDDB - Around 26000 DCS are using EMT and around 2500 are using the PC connected EMT machines (AMCS) .

These systems introduced - Satisfactory milk collection methods Facilitated immediate payments to farmers (Chakravarty,

2000)

The DISK software stores and maintains the databases of cooperative society members, their cattle, artificial insemination, veterinary, cattle feed and other service transactions in addition to the daily milk transactions.

(Ramarao, 2001)

Dairy Information Services Kiosk (DISK)

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Provide an interactive dairy information and education channel to the members of the DCS.

The Dairy Portal has textual as well as multi-media content useful to the farmers, extension workers, business executives and researchers dealing with the dairy sector

The portal mainly offers services such as education, entertainment, discussion forum, frequently asked questions, data transfers, e-commerce,e-banking etc.

On the education front, the portal typically holds the data on best practices in breeding and rearing milch cattle, feeding and keeping animal healthy, producing high quality milk, care to be taken in buying and selling the cattle, and several other aspects to educate and advise the users.

Dairy Portal

(Kothari and Takeda, 2000)

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Challenges in Application of ICT in Rural Development

1. Illiteracy

2. Major power-cuts

3. Financing difficulties

4. Shortage of project leaders and guides

(Mukherjee , 2011)66

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Constraints faced by the various categories of organizations in utilizing the ICT tools

S.No. Constraints Service Providers

n=5

Edu. and Research

Organizations n=8

1 Inadequate technically competent personnel in using ICTs

4 (80) 2 (25)

2 Insufficient budget allocation for ICTs 2 (40) 2 (25)3 Erratic Internet connectivity 1 (20) 1 (12.5) 4 Lack of training to employees regarding

ICTs 2 (40) 1 (12.5)

5 High cost of ICTs 1 (20) -6 Restriction of use of ICT tools to limited

areas of A.H. only1 (20) -


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Suggestions provided by the various categories of organizations regarding improvisation of ICT tools utilization

S.No Suggestions

Service Providers n=5

Edu. & Research Org. n=8

1 Imparting training to employees in using ICTs 3 (60) 2 (25)

2 Up-gradation of ICT equipment (software, hardware etc.) for A.H. 2 (40) -

3 Provision of latest ICT infrastructure 2 (40) 2 (25)

4 Provision of sufficient funding for ICT 2 (40) 2 (25)

5 Internet connectivity should be better (20) 2 (25)

6 Development of a database for getting information on various A.H. aspects which should be accessible to all - 1 (12.5)


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Conclusion

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• Animal agriculture has a greater potential to boost the rural economy and to overcome the unemployment.

• In order to transform livestock sector into information driven, modern and competitive sector, the role of ICT cannot be overruled.

• Various ICT projects like Gyandoot Project ,Warana Wired Village Project, i-Kisan project,, Kisan Call Centre (KCC) and dairy co-oparative by NDDB etc have been successfully implemented in rural area and it help to improve livelihood of rural people

• They provide faster and newer ways of delivering and accessing information. It shows considerable promise as a channel for the delivery veterinary extension services.

• There is a need to develop and provide technical content on livestock systems, management practices and also on specialized frequently asked questions which the veterinarian / para-veterinarian often face at the cutting edge.

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Ict as an important tool in rural development in context to Agriculture, e - governance, dairy...

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