ICT-619555 RESCUE D5.3 Version 1 - European Commission · Field trials / test-beds / regulatory...

ICT-619555 RESCUE

D5.3 Version 1.00

Report on technical workshop 1st Release

Contractual Date of Delivery to the CEC: 07/2015Actual Date of Delivery to the CEC:

Editor Christian Schneider

Author(s) Christian Schneider, Hicham Khalife, Na Yi

Participants TUIL

Work package WP5 - Dissemination, standardization and exploitation

Estimated person months 3

Security PU

Nature R

Version 1.00

Total number of pages 29

Abstract: The IWSDN workshop at the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications in Londonwas the first technical workshop of the RESCUE project. This workshop was jointly organized by twoEU projects the RESCUE and DIWINE respectively. In average 50 people followed the one-day workshopconsisting of two keynotes, 28 technical papers presented in oral and poster sessions and a final panel session.The impressive high number of paper submissions and very good quality of presented technical discussionguarantee and great impact and wide visibility.

Keyword list: workshop, IWSDN, dissemination, ICC, panels

Disclaimer: -

RESCUE D5.3, v1.00

Executive Summary

This deliverable is a report on first technical workshop organized by the EU project RESCUE jointly with theDIWINE project. The workshop, the IWSDN, targets the main PHY and MAC topics researched within theRESCUE project.

Since the workshop was extended to a full-day workshop the program followed a conventional approach consistingof three technical oral sessions, two poster session, two keynote presentations and a final panel session.

After the review process 28 papers from the 75 submitted contributions have been selected for a final presentation.The acceptance ratio was 38,4%.

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Authors

Partner Name Phone/Fax/e-mail

TUIL Christian SchneiderPhone: +49 36 77 69 13 97EMail: [email protected]

TCS Hicham KhalifePhone: +33 1 46 13 29 08EMail: [email protected]

UNIS Na YiPhone: +44 14 83 68 24 95EMail: [email protected]

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.1 Objectives of the Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 Members of the Workshop Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 IWSDN Workshop Statistics and Impressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2. Technical Program of Sessions and Posters of Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.1 Keynote Speech Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 Technical Session 1: PLNC and Cooperative Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.3 Technical Session 2: Advanced MIMO and Multi-Cell Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.4 Technical Session 3: Advanced MAC Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.5 Interactive Poster Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3. Panel Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

ICC IEEE International Conference on Communications

IWSDN International Workshop on Advanced PHY and MAC Techniques for Super Dense Wireless Networks

ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems

PHY Physical Layer Protocol

MAC Media Access Control

MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output

M2M Machine-To-Machine

RF Radio Frequency

SDR Software Defined Radio

VANET Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks

V2I Vehicle-To-Infrastructure

V2V Vehicle-To-Vehicle

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1. Introduction

The ”International Workshop on Advanced PHY and MAC Techniques for Super Dense Wireless Networks”(IWSDN) was one of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) [1] workshops jointlyorganized by EU FP7 RESCUE project partners [4], EU FP7 DIWINE project partners [3], and the UK 5G Inno-vation Centre (5GIC) [2]. This workshop aimed to gather researchers, regulators, and users to present and debateadvanced PHY and MAC techniques for super dense wireless networks and applications, with the perspective ofcurrent cellular, M2M, and V2V/V2I standardisation activities in 3GPP, ETSI, IEEE and IETF. IWSDN was a full-day workshop, which includes two keynotes, technical sessions, posters, as well as workshop panel with a goodmixture of participants from the academy and industry. The technical sessions have mainly focused on the timelytopics of physical layer network coding, massive and network MIMO, as well as asynchronous and non-orthogonalmultiple access techniques.

The 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) was held in London, UK from 8-12 June. Theworkshop IWSDN was scheduled as one-day workshop (09:00 – 18:00) on 12 June 2015, 12th.

The work is listed at the 2015 ICC under ”WS-13: Advanced PHY and MAC Techniques for Super Dense WirelessNetworks” and is organized by Yi Ma from University of Surrey, UK.

1.1 Objectives of the Workshop

Super dense wireless networks have received tremendous attention worldwide. This workshop aimed to gatherresearchers, regulators, and users to present and debate advanced PHY and MAC techniques for super dense wire-less networks and applications, with the perspective of current cellular, M2M, and V2V standardisation activitiesin 3GPP, ETSI, IEEE and IETF. Specifically, but not exclusively, the workshop proposed to address the followingobjectives related to super dense wireless network:

• Information theoretic limits

• Channel and traffic models

• Advanced modulation and coding schemes

• Advanced relaying and cooperative communications

• Centralised/distributed signal processing

• Physical layer network coding

• Asynchronous multiple access design

• Non-orthogonal waveforms

• Distributed self-organising methods

• Advanced and cross-layer MAC solutions

• Resource allocation

• Routine and re-transmission protocols

• Mobility management

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• Security, trust and privacy issues

• Field trials / test-beds / regulatory issues

1.2 Members of the Workshop Committee

Organizing Committee

The members of the organizing committee are listed in Table 1.1.

Position Name Institute/Company Country EU project

Chair Rahim Tafazolli University of Surrey UK 5GICCo-Chair Hrjehor Mark Technical University of Dresden Germany DIWINECo-Chair Hicham Kalife Thales Communications and Security France RESCUECo-Chair Stojan Denic Toshiba Research Europe Limited UK DIWINETPC Chair Yi Ma University of Surrey UK RESCUETPC Chair Alister Burr University of York UK DIWINEPublicity Chair Na Yi University of Surrey UK RESCUE

Table 1.1: Overview on the organizing committee

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Technical Program Committee

The members of the technical program committee are listed in Table 1.2.

Name Institute/Company Country

Olayinka Adigun Ubitech Technologies UKAngeliki Alexiou University of Piraeus GreeceKhoirul Anwar Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology JapanTsuguhide Aoki Toshiba Corporation JapanJoaquim Bastos Instituto de Telecomunicacoes PortugalLoic Brunel Mitsubishi Electric R+D Centre Europe FranceAlister Burr University of York UKWei-Peng Chen Fujitsu Lab of America USVania Conan Thales Communications and Security FranceJustin Coon University of Oxford UKKanapathippillai Cumanan University of York UKShuping Dang University of Oxford UKCarl Dettmann University of Bristol UKMarco Di Renzo French National Center for Scientific Research FranceZhiguo Ding Lancaster University UKNektaria Efthymiou Telefonica UKDong Fang Bell Labs IrelandOrestis Georgiou Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory UKSenka Hadzic Fraunhofer FOKUS GermanyDavid Halls Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory UKXin He Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology UKDene Hedges University of Oxford UKJiancao Hou University of Surrey UKHung-Yun Hsieh National Taiwan University TaiwanPing Li Hongkong City University ChinaEduard Jorswieck TU Dresden GermanyMarkku Juntti University of Oulu FinlandMartin Kaske TU Ilmenau GermanyHicham Khalife Thales Communications and Security FrancePetri Komulainen MediaTek FinlandKatarzyna Kosek-Szott AGH University of Science and Technology PolandSebastian Kuehlmorgen TU Dresden GermanyPin-Hsun Lin TU Dresden GermanyMiguel Lopez-Benıtez University of Liverpool UKMehdi M. Molu University of York UKJunjie Ma City University of Hong Kong P.R. ChinaGuoqiang Mao University of Technology Sydney AustraliaMaximilian Matthe TU Dresden GermanyToshiyuki Nakanishi Toshiba Corporation JapanMarek Natkaniec AGH University of Science and Technology PolandMonica Nicoli Politecnico di Milano ItalyJimmy J. Nielsen Aalborg University DenmarkHoc Phan University of Reading UKLi Ping City University of Hong Kong P.R. ChinaPavel Prochazka Czech Technical University in Prague Czech RepublicYinan Qi University of Surrey UKRonald Raulefs German Aerospace Center (DLR) GermanyJonathan Rodriguez Instituto de Telecomunicacoes PortugalStefano Savazzi CNR - National Research Council of Italy Italy

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Christian Schneider TU Ilmenau GermanyDavid Simmons University of Oxford UKDirk Slock Eurecom FranceUmberto Spagnolini Politecnico di Milano ItalyHsuan-Jung Su National Taiwan University TaiwanJan Sykora Czech Technical University Czech RepublicSzymon Szott AGH University of Science and Technology PolandValtteri Tervo University of Oulu FinlandWei Wang German Aerospace Center (DLR) GermanyYi Wang University of York UKPei Xiao 5G Innovation Centre UKNa Yi University of Surrey UKXiaojun Yuan ShanghaiTech University P.R. ChinaLi Zhang University of Leeds UKXiaobo Zhou Tianjin University P.R. China

Table 1.2: Overview on the technical program committee

1.3 IWSDN Workshop Statistics and Impressions

The IWSDN received in total 75 full paper submissions. After the peer review process 28 papers have beenaccepted, whereby 45 have been rejected and two contributions have been withdrawn. The final acceptance ratiowas 38.4%. This also proofs a very good quality of the presented and discussed research results. Because of thehigh feedback and interest (large number of paper submissions) on the objectives of this particular workshop atthe 2015 ICC it was decided by the ICC to consider the IWSDN as a full-day workshop including an interactiveposter session. On average 50 participants in the audience could be counted during the day. The overall workshopprogram was composed of

• Three time slots each having 4 papers

• Two keynote speakers

• Two interactive poster session presenting 16 papers

• One panel session with a mixture of participants from industry and academia

The 2 very interesting keynotes matched well the objectives of the IWSDN. One keynote was on the integration ofadvanced physical layer solutions in higher layers systems and the second on Cloud-RAN optimization using aninformation theoretical approach.

A snapshot of the workshop agenda is shown in Figure 1.1. Some impressions from the workshop are given in thefollowing figures, as Figure 1.2, Figure 1.3 and Figure 1.4.

Furthermore some statistics wrt. the paper submissions have been analyzed. Figure 1.5 shows the results of theauthors per country of all papers and in Figure 1.6 this analysis is grouped into different regions. From the Figure1.7 it can be seen that more than 50% of the accepted papers are from the academic sectors and approx. 18% fromindustry. Remark: Papers are counted by the fraction of authors. For example, a paper with one industrial and oneacademic author counts as 0.5 papers in each author category.

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Figure 1.1: Photograph of the workshop agenda

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Figure 1.2: Photograph highlighting the impression from a technical session of the workshop

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Figure 1.3: Photograph showing a interactive poster presentation from the RESCUE project

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Figure 1.4: Photograph showing the impression from interactive poster session

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Figure 1.5: Overview on authors by country (countries below 2% are not shown)

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Figure 1.6: Overview on authors by region

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Figure 1.7: Overview on authors by relation/institute

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2. Technical Program of Sessions and Posters of Papers

The technical program of the IWSDN was split into two keynote speeches, three oral and two interactive postersessions, where each of the oral sessions included four papers and the poster sessions were composed of 16 con-tributions.

2.1 Keynote Speech Details

Keynote #1

Speaker: Vania Conan, Ph.D, Advanced studies team leader from Thales Communications & Security, FranceTitle: ”Scaling ad-hoc networks – how advanced PHY&MAC can help”Abstract: Many future applications of wireless communications imply some form of ad-hoc relaying, either byterminals (in the D2D case) or by vehicles (in the V2V case). Such relaying mechanisms when deployed in thefield will hit scalability problems akin to those of ad-hoc networks. In this talk we propose to revisit the issue ofad-hoc network scalability, in particular the issues pertaining to topology maintenance and routing, and explorehow new PHY&MAC developments can help.

Keynote #2

Speaker: Osvaldo Simeone, Ph.D, Associate Professor at Center for Wireless Communications and Signal Pro-cessing Research (CWCSPR), New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, USTitle: ”C-RAN in Dense Heterogeneous Networks: A Network Information-Theoretic Viewpoint”Abstract: Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) refers to a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wire-less access points, known as radio units (RUs), are centrally managed by a reconfigurable centralized ”cloud”, orcentral, unit (CU). C-RAN allows operators to reduce the capital and operating expenses needed to deploy andmaintain dense heterogeneous networks, as well as to reap statistical multiplexing and spectral efficiency gains.The key bottleneck to the performance of C-RAN is the limited capacity offered by the network of fronthaul linksthat connect RUs and CU. Starting with a brief review of existing solutions, this talk overviews advanced tech-niques inspired by network information-theoretic principles that leverage the density of the network deploymentfor both uplink and downlink.

2.2 Technical Session 1: PLNC and Cooperative Communications

1.Paper

Title: ”Relaying in Butterfly Networks: Superposition Constellation Design for Wireless Network Coding”Authors: Pavel Prochazka, Tomas Uricar, David Halls, Jan SykoraAbstract: Wireless Physical Layer Network Coding (WNC) techniques exploit the inherent nature of wirelesschannels to improve the performance of wireless communication systems. Unlike conventional Network Coding,in WNC the transmitted signals constructively interact directly in the constellation space, thus inducing specific re-quirements on the source constellation design. Suitable multi-source constellations should enable direct decodingof WNC functions of user data (from the observed superimposed constellations at receiving nodes) and simulta-neously they should allow delivery of partial information to nodes with worse channel conditions (exploiting thenatural broadcast property of wireless channels). Source constellations possessing both the aforementioned at-tributes simultaneously can be desirable in a WNC-based system and thus proper constellation design can becomea relatively challenging task. In this paper we focus on this problem and we introduce a systematic constellationdesign algorithm for a 5-node Wireless Butterfly Network (WBN) with WNC processing, where the basic prin-ciples of multi-source constellation design for WNC systems can be demonstrated. We show that the proposedconstellations outperform the conventional approaches over the whole range of SNR conditions in the system.

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2.Paper

Title: ”Massive Uncoordinated Multiway Relay Networks with Simultaneous Detections”Authors: Mohammad Nur Hasan, Khoirul AnwarAbstract: In this paper, we consider multiway relay networks with huge number of users. In this situation afixed transmission scheduling is difficult to apply. We propose uncoordinated communications using the conceptof coded slotted ALOHA (CSA), where simultaneous transmitted signals are detected using iterative demapping(IDM) algorithm to improve the success rate probability. We allow each user to transmit the information via anyrandom time slots (during the contention period) to the network. We show the bound of the proposed systemand confirm an achievable point using practical coding. We also evaluate the bit-error-rate (BER) performance ofthe proposed technique. The results indicate that even though with an offered traffic of 1.11 packets/slot, reliablecommunications is achievable. It is also validated that the proposed system works very well even in relativelylow signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. Moreover, the packet-loss-rate (PLR) evaluation shows that theproposed technique outperforms the conventional CSA without simultaneous detection algorithm.

3.Paper

Title: ”Analysis of Cooperative Communication in One-dimensional Dense Ad-hoc Networks”Authors: Shiva Moballegh, Birsen SirkeciAbstract: In this paper, we study cooperative broadcast using multiple levels of relays for high-density 1-D net-works (such as vehicular networks) and compare its behavior with noncooperative multihop broadcast. The advan-tage of cooperative broadcast over multihop transmission has been well studied for both high-density and extended2-D networks. We analyze high-density 1-D networks, and approximate them as a continuum of nodes. Our anal-ysis shows that the broadcast behavior depends on three different regimes of the pathloss exponent and the type oftransmission (being bidirectional or unidirectional). We present analytical expressions for successful broadcastingas a function of source and relay powers, decoding threshold and the noise power. We also compare cooperative andnoncooperative broadcast in terms of power efficiency and show that cooperative broadcast is substantially moreefficient under bidirectional transmission; however it is power inefficient if the transmission is unidirectional.

4.Paper

Title: ”Constructing Convolutional Lattices and its Application in Compute and Forward”Authors: Mehdi M. Molu, Alister G. BurrAbstract: Constructing lattices from convolutional codes based on Construction A is studied; analogous to Con-struction A, a single layer code lattice is proposed in this paper which outperforms Construction A. As an appli-cation for the proposed convolutional lattices, they are exploited in a multi-user relay network where the relaynode employs Compute and Forward as its relaying function. We adopt the BCJR algorithm for lattice decodingconvolutional lattices; moreover, as the BCJR algorithm requires the knowledge of the statistical characteristics ofmodulo lattice additive noise (MLAN), the probability density function of MLAN is derived in closed form.

2.3 Technical Session 2: Advanced MIMO and Multi-Cell Technology

1.Paper

Title: ”Optimal User Association for Massive MIMO Empowered Ultra-Dense Wireless Network”Authors: Antonis G Gotsis, Stelios Stefanatos, Angeliki AlexiouAbstract: Ultra network densification and Massive MIMO are considered major 5G enablers since they promisehuge capacity gains by exploiting proximity, spectral and spatial reuse benefits. Both approaches rely on increasingthe number of access elements per user, either through deploying more access nodes over an area or increasingthe number of antenna elements per access node. At the network-level, optimal user-association for a denselyand randomly deployed network of Massive MIMO empowered access nodes must account for both channel andload conditions. In this paper we formulate this complex problem, report its computationally intractability and

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reformulate it to a plausible form, amenable to acquire a global optimal solution with reasonable complexity. Weapply the proposed optimization model to typical ultra-dense outdoor small-cell setups and demonstrate: (i) thesignificant impact of optimal user-association to the achieved rate levels compared to a baseline strategy, and (ii)the optimality of alternative network access element deployment strategies.

2.Paper

Title: ”Hybrid Channel Pre-Inversion and Interference Alignment Strategies”Authors: David Karpuk, Peter MossAbstract: In this paper we consider strategies for MIMO interference channels which combine the notions ofinterference alignment and channel pre-inversion. Users collaborate to form data-sharing groups, which enablesthem to clear interference within a group, while interference alignment is employed to clear interference betweengroups. To improve the capacity of our schemes at finite SNR, we propose that the groups of users invert theirsubchannel using a regularized Tikhonov inverse. We provide a new sleeker derivation of the optimal Tikhonovparameter, and use random matrix theory to provide an explicit formula for the SINR as the size of the systemincreases when using Tikhonov pre-inversion, which we believe is a new result. For every possible grouping of K =4 users each with N = 5 antennas, we completely classify the degrees of freedom available to each user when usingsuch hybrid schemes, and construct explicit interference alignment strategies which maximize the sum capacity.Lastly, we provide simulation results which compute the ergodic capacity of such schemes experimentally.

3.Paper

Title: ”Pilot-assisted Opportunistic User Scheduling for Wireless Multi-cell Networks”Authors: Hamed Farhadi, Hadi Ghauch, Mikael SkoglundAbstract: We consider downlink transmission in multi-cell wireless networks where in each cell one base stationis serving multiple mobile terminals. There is no a priori channel state information (CSI) available at base sta-tions and mobile terminals. We propose a low-complexity pilot-assisted opportunistic user scheduling (PAOUS)scheme. The proposed scheme operates in four subsequent phases: channel training; feedback transmission; userscheduling; and data transmission. We deploy an orthogonal pilot-assisted channel training scheme for acquiringCSI at mobile terminals. Consequently, each mobile terminal obtains a noisy estimation of the corresponding lo-cal CSI. Then, it makes a local decision based on the estimated channel gains of the interfering links and sendsa one-bit feedback signal to the base station of the corresponding cell. Each base station schedules one mobileterminal for communication. We compute the achievable rate region and the achievable degrees of freedom (DoF)of the proposed transmission scheme. Our results show that in a network with K base stations and coherencetime T, the total DoF Kopt(1-Kopt/T) is achievable given that the number of mobile terminals in each cell scalesproportional to signal-to-noise-ratio. Since limited radio resources are available, only a subset of base stations ofthe size Kopt=minK,T/2 should be activated. We also investigate the power allocation between channel trainingand data transmission phases. Our study shows that in large networks (many base stations) more power should beallocated to channel training, while in dense networks (many mobile terminals in each cell) more power should beallocated for data transmission.

4.Paper

Title: ”Opportunistic Feedback Mechanisms for Decentralized Network MIMO systems”Authors: Sandeep Kottath, David Gesbert, Eric HardouinAbstract: Dense interference-limited wireless networks can rely coordinated multipoint transmission (such asNetwork MIMO) as a way to improve on spectral efficiency. Unfortunately, Network MIMO requires globalchannel state information (CSI) at all transmitters, hence place stringent requirements on backhaul rate and evenmore on latency. As a solution, this paper investigates an emerging design philosophy for CSI that exploits thebroadcast nature of wireless which is well suited to dense networks. In our design, feedback is broadcast from eachterminal and decoded opportunistically by any overhearing base station which in turn must design opportunisticinterference cancelling precoders. The corresponding precoder design is shown to be equivalent to a decentralizeddecision problem whose general solution is challenging, yet for which heuristic schemes can be derived. The

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obtained algorithms are able to capitalize on the opportunistic feedback without the need for global CSI sharing.

2.4 Technical Session 3: Advanced MAC Design

1.Paper

Title: ”Scheduling of the Super-Dense Wireless Cloud Networks”Authors: Ali Parichehreh, Kostas Ramantas, Umberto Spagnolini, John S WardakasAbstract: Super-dense wireless cloud network (WCN) provides for a low latency and high reliable communicationby leveraging on advanced transmission techniques at the PHY layer of densely deployed relays acting as a macro-relay node (so-called WCN). Cloud Access (CA) nodes are gateways to the WCN and their queued packets areflooded through a dense self-contained WCN with massively interacting relay nodes. In this paper, we address thescheduling problem of multiple CA nodes that mutually share the WCN resources to relay multiple flows underheterogeneous traffic arrival rates. We show that when the interference mitigation capability of the WCN is efficientenough, the simultaneous transmissions in ”all-at-once” mode is the optimal solution compared to the baselineTDMA scheme. However, inevitable heterogeneity in arrival rates increases the WCN duty-cycle, diminishing thecloud utilization factor envisaged for the WCN. An ad-hoc offloading mechanism is tailored in the WCN backhaulto reduce the traffic heterogeneity effect and activate the maximum possible CA nodes simultaneously, enhancingWCN utilization factor. This consequently ties up the end users QoS metrics such as delay and drop probability ata high level of experience as shown by the numerical results.

2.Paper

Title: ”Asynchronous Multi-User Uplink Transmission with Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing”Authors: Maximilian Matthe, Luciano L. Mendes, Gerhard FettweisAbstract: This paper investigates the applicability of generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) foran uplink scenario where several users are not perfectly synchronized, as it appears in wireless sensor networks(WSN). We compare the performance in terms of inter-user interference (IUI) caused by time and frequencymisalignments between users, where the physical layer is realized with GFDM and OFDM. It is shown that IUIcan be significantly reduced when using GFDM. Furthermore, we propose a data-aided phase error estimation andcompensation algorithm which is capable of correcting residual phase errors at the receiver.

3.Paper

Title: ”Preserving Fairness in Super Dense WLANs”Authors: Imad Jamil, Laurent Cariou, Jean-Francois HelardAbstract: In this paper, after discussing the challenges raised by the increasing density of IEEE 802.11 WLANs,we investigate a new combination of transmit power control and physical carrier sensing adaptation to leverage thespatial reuse in high density deployments. While each of these techniques when applied separately is efficient inenhancing the performance of such dense scenarios, they suffer from serious fairness issues. After highlightingthese issues in a dense simulation scenario, a new joint solution is proposed to elevate the unfairness problem es-pecially in the presence of legacy nodes in the network. Extensive simulations show that the proposed technique isable to ameliorate the fairness in different situations, while improving the average throughput by 4 times comparedto the standard performance.

4.Paper

Title: ”On the Trade-Off between Handover Failure and Small Cell Utilization in Heterogeneous Networks”Authors: Jung-Min Moon, Jungsoo Jung, Sungjin Lee, Anshuman Nigam, Sunheui RyooAbstract: To enhance the performance of a heterogeneous network, where many small cells are deployed in amacro cell, we consider two technical challenges. First, seamless handover between the same or different typesof cells should be supported with a low handover failure rate. Second, small cells should use their radio resources

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as much as possible to maximize a cell splitting gain. It was well known that there is a trade-off between the lowhandover failure rate and the high small cell utilization. To find a better operation considering such a tradeoff,we propose a state-dependent handover decision algorithm. In the proposed scheme, a user sets a ”state” for eachsmall cell, and performs a ”state transition” to distinguish between macro-to-small and small-to-macro handovers,and then uses suitable handover parameters for each handover type. Through simulation, we observe that theproposed scheme can reduce the handover failure rate significantly without degrading the small cell utilization andthe throughput experienced by the user.

2.5 Interactive Poster Session

1.Paper

Title: ”Improved Source Correlation Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks”Authors: Albrecht wolf, Maximilian Matthe, Gerhard FettweisAbstract: Emerging wireless sensor networks (WSNs) aim to overcome current needs for additional backboneinfrastructure in mobile networks. Confronted with enormous requirements in terms of spectrum and energyefficiency, WSNs have been shown to benefit from distributed source coding (DSC) by means of multi-routeredundancy. However, DSC in WSNs yields low performance regarding the correlation estimation of messagessent across different routes. Thus, we introduce a new dynamic threshold for the employed DSC technique, whichminimizes the mean-square error (MSE) of such estimations. Moreover, we enhance the DSC algorithm usingan over-determined linear equation-system such that the standard deviation is considerably smaller. The therebyproposed correlation estimation improves both signifying regions of the bit-error rate (BER) curve. The waterfallregion is shifted by up to 10.5 dB and the error floor region is lowered by 70

2.Paper

Title: ”Hardware Implementation of Distributed Learning Algorithm for Mapping Selection for Wireless PLNC”Authors: Tomas Hynek, David Halls, Jan SykoraAbstract: A wireless relay node employing Wireless Physical Layer Network Coding (WPLNC) must use a specificmapping in order to combine incoming signals. This mapping, however, cannot be selected arbitrarily. Togetherwith the signals from the other network relays, it has to allow the destinations to be able to recover the source datafrom the available observations. Moreover the mapping should optimize a local relay utility function. This taskcan be easily solved in centralized networks. In decentralized ones, such as sensor or smart metering networks,a mapping assignment should be derived from mutual node communication, cooperation and/or signaling. Inthis paper we focus on the practical hardware implementation of such a distributed algorithm called a DistributedLearning Algorithm (DLA). In a two source, two relay and two destination network scenario we have implementeda non-cooperative game-based process that selects the WPLNC mapping of each individual relay node guaranteeinginvertibility of WPLNC at the destinations as well as optimizing the relay’s utility function, namely the outputmodulation cardinality. The implementation testbed is based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) modules and it isused to verify the algorithm properties in real-world conditions.

3.Paper

Title: ”Iterative channel estimation and phase noise compensation for SC-FDE based mmWave systems”Authors: Changming Zhang, Zhenyu Xiao, Li Su, Lieguang Zeng, Depeng JinAbstract: In the future super dense wireless networks, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications systems havegreat prospects, mainly due to the huge bandwidths and the directional transmissions. However, phase noise issignificant due to the high oscillation frequency, which affects channel estimation and deteriorates the bit-error-rate (BER) performance. This paper emphasizes that phase noise may be estimated in the frequency domain, anda scheme with iterative channel estimation and phase noise compensation is proposed for single-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) based mmWave systems. We achieve the channel estimation by calculating smallperturbations iteratively with the first-order approximation. For signal demodulation, we adopt an iterative receiver

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to compensate phase noise with the decision feedback result. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate that ourscheme achieves competitive performance and outperforms the traditional methods, in terms of both mean squareerror (MSE) in channel estimation and BER in signal demodulation.

4.Paper

Title: ”Outage based Power Allocation for a Lossy-Forwarding Relaying System”Authors: Shen Qian, Meng Cheng, Tad MatsumotoAbstract: In this paper, an optimal power allocation scheme for a simple lossy-forwarding relaying system is pro-vided. Here, we extend our previous work of optimal power allocation of Slepian-Wolf relay system with constantsource-relay error probability, to such that block Rayleigh fading is assumed for all transmission channel andlossy transmission is assumed in source- relay channel. Since data sequences transmitted from source and relaynodes are sent from one original source, they are correlated. At destination node, by exploiting the correlationknowledge between the two data sequences in joint decoding, the performance of the whole system can be signif-icantly enhanced. This is because the network can be seen as a distributed Turbo code. A closed-form expressionof the outage probability is derived at high signal-to-noisy ratios regime. It is shown that the outage curves calcu-lated from the closed-form expression are sufficiently close to that obtained by the numerical calculation. Then,the optimum power allocation to the nodes for the system can be formulated as a convex optimization problem.Specifically, we minimize the outage probability while assuming the total transmit power is fixed, and also to mini-mize the total power under an given outage requirement. It is found that the system performance with the proposedoptimum power allocation scheme outperform that with equal power allocation.

5.Paper

Title: ”Exploring Smart Pilot for Partial Packet Recovery in Super Dense Wireless Networks”Authors: Xiaoke Qi, Lu Wang, Kaishun Wu, Jianhua TaoAbstract: Wireless communication is prone to partial packet due to the complex behavior of wireless signal prop-agation, especially in the dense-deployed wireless networks, where the interference signal is unavoidable. Suchpacket often contains a few errors, yet has to be retransmitted due to decoding failure. To avoid redundant transmis-sion, partial packet recovery protocols are leveraged to identify and retransmit the corrupted portion instead of theentire packet. However, the information they obtained is limited. In this paper, we investigate two kinds of pilotstermed smart pilots to achieve more efficient partial packet recovery. Smart pilot incorporates two novel ideas: (1)Adaptive Hard Pilot that inserts known bits to help recovery the corrupted packet according to the retransmissionscheme, and (2) Reliable Soft Pilot that utilizes the confidence information to accurately identify the corruptedportion for retransmission. With these two smart pilots, the receiver is able to recovery more partial packet, andthus the required retransmission portion is greatly reduced. Our experiments show that smart pilot reduces theBER from 10−2 to 10−4, and improves the average throughput by 1.8× compared with the existing partial packetrecovery protocols.

6.Paper

Title: ”Novel Framework for LTE/LTE-Advanced Networks Dimensioning”Authors: Marwane B. Hcine, Ridha R. Bouallegue B.Abstract: Network design consists of evaluating cell coverage and capacity and may involve many parametersrelated to environment, system configuration, and quality of service (QoS) requirements. The key parameterfor cost optimized LTE-based network dimensioning is to provide a tight approximation of the effective SINRdistribution. This paper provides a novel framework for LTE and LTE-Advanced network dimensioning. Theclassical single carrier SINR performance evaluation is extended to multi-carrier systems operating over frequencyselective channels. Extension is achieved by expressing the link outage probability in terms of the statistics of theeffective SINR. For effective SINR computation, the exponential effective SINR mapping (EESM) method is used.Closed-form expression for the link outage probability is achieved assuming a log skew normal approximation forsingle carrier case. Then we rely on the lognormal approximation to express the exponential effective SINRdistribution as a function of the mean and standard deviation of the SINR of a generic subcarrier. Effective SINR

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values are evaluated at click speed in each point on the network. Simulations show that the proposed frameworkprovides results with accuracy within 0.5 dB for any defined outage target.

7.Paper

Title: ”Optimal Throughput Analysis of A Super Dense Wireless Network with the Renewal Access Protocol”Authors: Yunbae Kim, Ganguk Hwang, Jungsun Um, Sungjin You, Hoiyoon Jung, Seung Keun ParkAbstract: As Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) become denser and denser recently, the contention-basedMAC protocol such as the IEEE 802.11 DCF, the de facto standard for the WLAN, should be modified to handlesuch dense WLANs. To this end, we consider a recently proposed novel MAC protocol called the Renewal AccessProtocol (RAP) in this paper. With the RAP, we consider two strategies for resolving collisions efficiently andachieving high throughput performance in a super dense WLAN: strategies without and with grouping. First,we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the RAP itself (i.e., without grouping) as the number of terminals goesto infinity. We show that the RAP can achieve optimal throughput even in a super dense WLAN and the relatedoptimal access probability of the RAP can be derived in a closed-form from the analysis. Second, we proposea new grouping strategy in the RAP and call it the grouped RAP (G-RAP). While a grouping strategy in theIEEE 802.11ah standard is based on time division, which can cause a waste of channel, our grouping strategy isbased on transmission attempts, which does not waste channels. From the analysis we show that the G-RAP easilyachieves the optimal network throughput performance for any group structure (i.e., unform group size and arbitrarygroup size) if terminals use the optimal access probability that we derive. Our analytical results are validated bysimulation.

8.Paper

Title: ”High Density Cellular Communication using Radio Aperture Synthesis”Authors: David SteerAbstract: Traditional mobile radio communications system designs are largely based on the principles of engi-neering an independent radio link for each user. Recent developments with small cells and multiple antennas havefurther improved the capacity of the radio channel through high density frequency reuse. Such techniques achievean increase in capacity (i.e. number of users and their traffic) that is linearly proportional to the number of addi-tional antennas and the associated cells or cell sectors. However, as the volume of users and their traffic increasesthere is a need for a massive increase in system capacity. Examples of such massive traffic loads include stadiumsand similar events attended by large crowds of connected users. In this paper we outline concepts of radio aperturesynthesis and illustrate their application to a high density communications scenario. The aperture synthesis ap-proach augments the engineering of multiple individual radio links with an arrangement of massively parallel cells(MPC). The advantage of the aperture synthesis technique for communications systems is that very high frequencyreuse can be achieved and the system capacity increases approximately as the square of the number of antennas inthe synthesis array.

9.Paper

Title: ”Combined Bulk and Per-Tone Relay Selection in Super Dense Wireless Networks”Authors: Shuping Dang, Justin P Coon, David SimmonsAbstract: The combined bulk/per-tone transmit antenna selection strategy has been shown to achieve optimaldiversity and coding gains for single-hop systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas. In this paper, weextend this strategy to the case in which a set of user pairs communicate via a cluster of intermediary amplify-and-forward relaying nodes. We obtain an upper bound on the outage probability of the network, and a closed-form expression for the multiuser contention probability (the probability that distinct user pairs select the samerelay). Consequently, we are able to construct an upper bound on the failure probability of the network, i.e., theprobability that either an outage or contention occurs. We show that there exists a critical average end-to-end SNR,above which the outage probability decays exponentially with the number of available relays. In this case, thenetwork failure probability is dominated by the contention probability. Many of our results are of a fundamental(asymptotic) nature, but key results are verified with simulations and illustrated numerically for finite system

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sizes.

10.Paper

Title: ”Impact of Channel Fading on Mobility Management in Heterogeneous Networks”Authors: Karthik Vasudeva, Meryem Simsek, David Lopez-Perez, Ismail GuvencAbstract: Handover decisions and mobility management in modern communication networks are carried out usingthe signal measurements at a user equipment (UE), obtained from neighboring base stations. Therefore, time andfrequency selective characteristics of the radio propagation channel can seriously degrade the handover perfor-mance. In this paper, we investigate the impact of channel fading on the handover failure performance in denselydeployed heterogeneous networks. We introduce a simple geometric model to analyze handover failure as a func-tion of key mobility management parameters. Relevant fading statistics are extracted from a 3GPP-compliantheterogeneous network simulator, and a semi-analytic approach is followed to obtain the handover failure perfor-mance of a mobile UE. Theoretical findings are verified through simulations, which show that when channel fadingis considered, handover performance can be significantly degraded even at low mobile velocities.

11.Paper

Title: ”Distributed Time and Frequency Synchronization: USRP Hardware Implementation”Authors: Maria Alvarez, William H. Thompson, Umberto SpagnoliniAbstract: In device-to-device communications timing and carrier frequency synchronization is crucial for guar-anteeing efficient communications within dense networks. A distributed synchronization method without anyexternal reference agent is suitable for these dense networks. This paper presents hardware validation of a recentlyproposed distributed synchronization algorithm based on consensus paradigms. Identical synchronization framesare sent from all transmitting nodes, and the synchronization configuration is estimated from these superimposedwaveforms. This method greatly simplifies the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing offset (TO) estima-tion procedure when implemented in hardware. A real-time algorithm is implemented on software defined radios(SDR), and is tested in various configurations to investigate the tracking and accuracy abilities of the algorithm.The hardware tests verified the algorithm as a suitable candidate for synchronization in dense networks, with accu-rate estimation of the timing and frequency offsets of the transmitting nodes. Its ability to decouple the estimationswas also demonstrated with experiments.

12.Paper

Title: ”An improved Log-MAP algorithm based on polynomial regression function for LTE Turbo decoding”Authors: Duy-Huy Nguyen, Hang NguyenAbstract: This paper proposes an improved Logarithmic Maximum A Posteriori (Log-MAP) algorithm for Turbodecoding in the Third Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE). In the proposed algo-rithm, we exploit the understanding of polynomial regression function to approximately compute the logarithmterm (also called correction function) in the Jacobian logarithmic function. The goal is to replace the correctionfunction with another function with the approximated performance and the reduced computational complexity.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is closest to the Log-MAP algorithm forTurbo decoding under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and can offer about maximum 0.4dBperformance gain than the Max-Log-MAP algorithm and higher than other Log-MAP-based algorithms. The pro-posed algorithm has much simpler computational complexity in comparison with the Log-MAP algorithm andslightly increased compared to the Max-Log-MAP algorithm.

13.Paper

Title: ”Knowledge-Aided Informed Dynamic Scheduling for LDPC Decoding”Authors: Cornelius Healy, Rodrigo C. de LamareAbstract: Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes offer excellent performance at competitive levels of complexity.

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Short block length LDPC codes avoid the large processing latency incurred by the large block lengths classicallyconsidered for this class of codes, making them a potential candidate for next generation wireless communicationssystems. In this paper, a novel informed dynamic scheduling (IDS) approach for decoding LDPC codes is devel-oped based on the use of the current message reliabilities and the residuals of the potential updates to select themessages passed in the graph during iterative Sum Product decoding. An alternative measure of the iteration of theIDS schemes is also proposed which highlights the high cost of those algorithms in terms of processing complex-ity and motivates the development of the proposed approach. The proposed Rel.-RBP decoding algorithm offersvery fast convergence at reduced complexity and gains in error rate performance when compared to the previousschemes.

14.Paper

Title: ”Cloud Empowered Cognitive Inter-cell Interference Coordination for Small Cellular Networks”Authors: Syed Ali Raza Zaidi, Desmond McLernon, Mounir Ghogho Muhammad Ali ImranAbstract: In this article, we present a Cloud empowered Cognitive Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (C2-ICIC)scheme for small cellular networks. The scheme leverages a recently proposed cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture for enabling intra-tier coordination and relaxes the need for inter-tier coordination by adoptingthe phantom cell architecture. Employing tools from stochastic geometry, we characterize the downlink successprobability for a Mobile User (MU) scheduled under the proposed coordination scheme. It is shown that significantperformance gains can be experienced in ultra dense small cell deployment scenarios. This is attributed to therobust interference protection provisioned by the C2-ICIC scheme. It is demonstrated that the gains are particularlylarge for the users experiencing a weak received signal strength. Indeed, for these users, the received signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) can only be improved by reducing the experienced aggregate co-channel interference.The closed-form expression derived for the downlink success probability is employed to quantify the link levelthroughput under the proposed scheme. Finally, we briefly explore the design space of the C2-ICIC scheme interms of interference protection cap which determines both the downlink throughput of the MU scheduled in thecoordination mode and the transmission opportunity for the co-channel small cells.

15.Paper

Title: ”Circularly Multi-directional Antenna Arrays with Spatial Reuse based MAC for Aerial Sensor Networks”Authors: Sotheara Say, Naoto Aomi, Taisuke Ando, Shigeru ShimamotoAbstract: In this paper, we introduce a novel multiple access scheme for aerial sensor networks employing adaptiveantenna arrays with spatial reuse. Spatial reuse has been adopted to enable simultaneous data transmission amongunmanned aerial vehicles in a context of spatial diversity. This work introduces two types of UAV: a single mainactor UAV and multiple actor UAVs. Since these UAVs cooperatively perform a mission, packet collisions andsignal interference can degrade a real time data transmission among them. In light of this, we propose a circularlymulti-directional beam forming array antenna to be used on the main actor UAV and each UAV is equipped witha directional antenna. These two kinds of antenna are deployed so that packet collisions and signal interferencecan be alleviated. The main UAV is positioned in the center and surrounded by actor UAVs. By using differentantennas on different types of UAV and based on the UAVs positioning, the paper proposes two MAC protocols.While both proposed MAC protocols adopt a conventional IEEE 802.11 MAC, the second one introduces a certainthreshold value of angle between UAVs to enable a spatial reuse. Simulation results confirm that our proposedMAC protocols offer a huge gain in system throughput compared to an IEEE 802.11 protocol.

16.Paper

Title: ”Secure Virtual Private LAN Services: An Overview with Performance Evaluation”Authors: Madhusanka Liyanage, Jude Okwuibe, Mika Ylianttila, Andrei Gurtov Abstract: Virtual Private LANServices (VPLS) is a widely utilized Layer 2 (L2) Virtual Private Network (VPN) architecture in industrial net-works. In the last few years, VPLS networks gained an immense popularity as an ideal network architecture tointerconnect industrial legacy SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) and process control devicesover a shared network. However, the VPLS architecture and its users are highly vulnerable to security threats

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which are initiated at the insecure shared network segment. Thus, industrial enterprises are looking for new secureand stable VPLS architectures. In this article, we provide an overview of existing secure VPLS architectures witha performance evaluation. We evaluate the performance penalty of these secure VPLS architectures in terms ofthroughput, latency and jitter in a real world testbed. From these experiments, we seek to highlight drawbacks ofexisting secure VPLS architectures after implementing them in a real networking environment. Moreover, we tryto underscore future research questions that will help to improve the performance of secure VPLS networks.

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3. Panel Session

As a final event of the technical sessions of the joint DIWINE/RESCUE IWSDN workshop at the 2015 ICC a paneldiscussion has been hold. The title and topic of the panel was:

Advanced PHY & MAC for Super Dense Networks

and the chair of this session was the RESCUE project coordinator Hicham Kalife from Thales Communications& Security, France. The group of panelists, see Table 3.1, consists of a mixture from the industry and academicsector. Each of the panelists gave a 5-minute introduction about himself as well as his expertise and briefing theproblem/vision of dense networks.

The main fields of the vital discussion covered following points:

1. Interference management in super dense wireless network 2 main approaches to cope with interference inDIWINE and RESCUE

• Physical layer network coding allows to combine information arriving in the same time

• Links on the fly (lossy-forwarding) allows to forward corrupted information

2. Higher layers protocols integration

3. The importance of testbed validation

Nr Name Institute/Company Country

1 Vania Conan Thales Communications and Security France2 Simeone Osvaldo New Jersey Institute of Technology USA3 Hicham Kalife Thales Communications and Security France4 Stojan Denic Toshiba Research Europe Limited UK5 Alister Burr University of York UK6 Yi Ma University of Surrey UK

Table 3.1: Overview on participants of the panel session

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4. Summary

The first international dissemination activity of the EU project RESCUE was the IWSDN workshop organizedby Yi Ma (Technical Manager of the RESCUE project) jointly together with the DIWINE project. Both the co-location with the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications at London and the impressive highnumber of 75 total paper submissions underline the strong impact and broad visibility of this workshop. Becauseof the attractive response on the call for paper submission and the total number of 28 accepted papers (38,4 %acceptance rate) it was decided to provide a full day workshop at the ICC. Besides the high quality papers andpresentation the workshop was rounded by 2 keynote speakers and an interesting panel discussion. In average 50people followed the one-day workshop.

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5. References

[1] IEEE. ICC - IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2015. http://icc2015.ieee-icc.org/.

[2] University of Surrey. 5GIC - UK 5G Innovation Centre. http://www.surrey.ac.uk/5gic.

[3] EU project ICT 318177. DIWINE - Dense Cooperative Wireless Cloud Network, 2013-2015. http://diwine-project.eu/.

[4] EU project ICT 619555. RESCUE - Links on the fly Technology for Robust, Efficient, and Smart Communica-tion in Unpredictable Environments, 2013-2016. http://www.ict-rescue.eu/.

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ICT-619555 RESCUE D5.3 Version 1 - European Commission · Field trials / test-beds / regulatory...

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