Icon Exchange Discrimination Phases

ICON EXCHANGEDiscrimination Phases

Created By: Courtney JuneBehavior Analysis Training System

Western Michigan University

What is discrimination?

The ability to choose between a preferred item and a non preferred item. “Which icon will get me something cool, and

which one will get me something lame?”

General Info Always have the correct icon for each item

If not, ask for it Reinforce within ½ second Use a variety of tutors and items, both

preferred and non-preferred Set up for next trial while child is engaged

with the reinforcer Number of icons on the

three right strips is phase specific

Remember: There should never be more than 5 icons on the three right strips for discrimination phases

Preferred Vs. Non-preferred

A preferred item-- an item the child consistently eats or engages with for 10 – 15 seconds Eating goldfish Putting a puzzle together Flipping through a book

A non-preferred item-- something the child is not interested in, and will not engage in for 10 – 15 seconds A spoon A shoe A piece of paper

Non-preferred Vs. Neutral Again, a non-preferred is anything the child

does not like and rejects Paper towel A sock

A neutral item is an item that is non-preferred but used functionally: Using a fork to eat Drinking from a cup Putting on a shoe

If you find a neutral item for your child do not use it as preferred or non-preferred, in the discrimination trials.

Phases 3

The child learns to discriminate between a reinforcing preferred item and a non-preferred item Previously the child always got something

good from exchanging the icon, now they have to look at the icons to make sure they are getting what they want

Bob Hope

Question #1: What is the maximum number

of icons that can be on the three right strips of the PECS

book?

Enticing vs. Prompting

Entice a child “to want” an item and,

Prompt a child “to ask” for an item Examples of enticing:

Pretend to eat an edible without attending to the child

Play with a car or toy by yourself Examples of prompting:

“WOW look at this COOL car!” “OOO this is a YUMMY Cheeto

Which is Enticing? Prompting?

Enticing vs Prompting

Enticing Prom

pting

What happens in an incorrect trial?

The child chooses a non-preferred icon and rejects it when it is presented Examples of rejection:

Not taking the item from you Throwing the item Pushing the item away Dropping the item

If 3 incorrect responses occur, move onto the 4 Step Error Correction

Tips for Emotional Responding During instances of emotional rejection

Such as crying or tantrums, Do not give the child a different preferred item to

calm them, Work through the rest of the trial, giving prompts

as needed, and If the child aggresses:

Block it and continue to work through the trial After completing the trial do ELOs to achieve

compliance Once child complies, move on to the next trial

Question #2: Which is an example of rejection?

A. The child grabs the sock and makes a hand puppet.

B. The child eats the cheeto.

C. The child ignores the item and pretends to sleep.

Phase 3

Allow the child to play with the preferred item for 10–15 seconds before the trial begins

1 preferred item and 1 non-preferred item is used Do preference assessments every few trials to

find both preferred and non-preferred items “OOO the new”

Reinforce the childs correct reaching response with “OOO” as the child reaches for the correct icon during the trial

“OOO”

Phase 3

Be sure to place the PECS book between the student and tutor

Alternate back and forth between phases 3 and 2F 5 trials of 2F outside of the booth 5 trials of 3 in the setting the tutor chooses

Trial is considered incorrect after 15 seconds

If the child makes 3 incorrect responses in a row, remove incorrect icon during the 4 step error correction

Question #3: The tutor silently

reading a child’s book in front of the child is an example of what?

Question #4: Exclaiming “VROOM

VROOM, this car is so much FUN!” in front of the child is an example of what?

Phase 3A

The child learns to discriminate between a reinforcing preferred item and a non-preferred item WHILE TRAVELING (outside the booth)

Phase 3A

Again allow the child to eat or engage with the reinforcer for 10-15 seconds

1 preferred and 2 non-preferred icons on any of the 3 right velcro strips

Do preference assessments every few trials If the student does not engage in the item for

at least 15 seconds, it is incorrect After 3 incorrect responses in a row, remove

the incorrect icon and go into the 4 Step Error Correction

Question #5: If a child is given a sock and puts in on

his/her foot, what kind of item is it? A: Preferred B: Non-preferred C: Neutral

The 4 Step Error Correction

Step 1: Model Step 2: Practice Step 3: Distract Step 4: Repeat

Step 1: Model

Point to the correct icon If gestural prompt

is not effective, move to partial physical prompt and full physical prompt if necessary

Move onto step 2

Step 1: Model

Gesturaly prompt to the correct icon If gestural prompt is

not effective, move to partial physical prompt and full physical prompt if necessary

That is all step one requires move on to step 2

Step 2: Practice

Let the child give you the icon you prompted towards

Label item but do not give it to the child, this is just for practice

Move on to step 3

Step 3: Distract

Flip the book over and do an ELO: Clap hands Tap table Touch nose

Move on to step 4

Step 4: Repeat

Flip book back over Wait for the child to

make an independent response. Entice if necessary

If child makes incorrect response, repeat the 4 Step Error Correction

If you go through the 4 step error correction 3 times in one trial, remove the incorrect icons so the child has to make a correct response during step 4

What problems could occur?

Children’s preferences may change often If the child changes reinforcers often, make

sure you do frequent preference assessments to ensure that you have what the child will be motivated enough to ask for

Finding a non-preferred item can sometimes be difficult If you are having trouble finding a non-

preferred item, keep doing a preference assessment until you find one, or ask a supervisor for help

No Motivation

Question 7: What are the 4 steps

in the 4 Step Error Correction?

Tips

Switch icon positions only after a correct trial on the initial trial DO NOT switch icons after a correct response

on the “repeat step” of the 4 Step Error Correction

After 3 incorrect initial trials, which include the 4 Step Error Correction, stop the procedure Continuing the procedure then punishes

responding

Tips




responding

Get a supervisor to code the data sheet, end that PECS session and move on using the reinforcer the child tried to grab for another procedure

Tips




responding

How should the supervisor code

it?

Tips




responding

Your supervisor should use the Implementation Problem code

(IP) or the Alternative Appropriate Activity code

(AAA)

Tips on Coding Data Sheet

The 4 step error correction cycle can be repeated up to a total of 3 times if necessary If you do complete 2 full cycles of the 4 step error

correction & the child still has not responded correctly, remove the incorrect icon and repeat the 4 steps so the child can only make a correct response. Replace the incorrect icon move on to the next initial trial

This means in 3 initial trials, if you had to go through the 4 step error correction you could have gone through a total of 9 cycles of 4 step error correction (3 full cycles for each of 3 initial trials)





Note: If you do 3 consecutive initial trials & have to go through the 4 step error correction each time, STOP THE PROCEDURE & GET IT CODED BY A SUPERVISOR





If you have to go through the 4 step

error correction a few times, you still only

take data on the initial trials.

Example Data Sheet

What do we mean by the Initial Trial?

The initial trial is the chance when the child gets to independently make a response and choose what item they want. If they reject the item they chose only then do

you go into the 4 step error correction. Although the 4 step error correction comes

right after an incorrect response it is not part of the initial trial, it is the correction procedure When the child rejected the item they received a

– on the data sheet and that was the end of the initial trial.






So, if I start the initial trial and the child rejects the item, I mark the data for the initial trial as - and do the 4 step error correction, with the

possibility of doing the 4 steps up to three times?






That’s right!






Then what do I do?






You start the next initial trial, and take your next data

mark.

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4-Step Error CorrectionChild chooses icon

Correct on data sheetIncorrect on data sheet

Practice-Child exchanges preferred icon

-Label, but do not give item

Distract-Turn book over

-Do ELO

Repeat-Turn book back over

-Child independently chooses icon

-Label and give item

Model-Gestural prompt to preferred icon

Model Practice Distract Repeat


Go onto next trial

Go onto next trial

Go onto next trial

Do preference assessment

Go onto next trial

Rejects item

Rejects item

Accep

ts it

em

Accepts item

Accepts item

Rejects item

Accepts itemRejects ite

m

On repeat they get the treat!

TAKE DATA HERE

Read from top to bottom following

the arrows as necessary

Remove the incorrect icon and repeat the 4 steps

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4-Step Error CorrectionChild chooses icon





-Do ELO



-Label and give item




Go onto next trial

Go onto next trial

Go onto next trial


Go onto next trial

Rejects item

Rejects item

Accep

ts it

em

Accepts item

Accepts item

Rejects item

Accepts itemRejects ite

m


TAKE DATA HERE


Phase 3B

Phase 3B teaches discrimination between preferred items/icons while traveling

Tutor has 2 highly preferred items available and the 2 corresponding icons on the book

Incorrect responses: student reaches for a different item, or Chooses corresponding item but does not engage

in interacting with it for at least 15 seconds

Phase 3B continued

Correspondence checks are necessary for 50% of the trials 5 of the 10 trials

Rotate between correspondence checks and labeling while giving the item

Label then give item Student does not accept the item when it is presented

If the student makes 3 incorrect responses in a row, remove incorrect icon during 4 Step Error Correction

For Correspondence Checks

Hold out the items corresponding to icons, and say,

“Take it” Then mark “CC” in the OT column on the

data sheet Correct trial: the child chooses the item

corresponding to the icon they gave you Incorrect trial: the child chooses the item that

does not correspond to the icon they gave you Block the incorrect response and go directly into the

4 Step Error Correction Start with pointing to the item the child should have

taken

Requirement:

Combine phases 2F and 3B Complete

5 trials of 2F outside the booth 5 trials of 3B in the setting the tutor chooses

Phase 3C

Phase 3C teaches discrimination between preferred items/icons while traveling

Tutor has 5 highly preferred items availableAnd 5 corresponding icons on the book

Run correspondence checks for 60% of the trials (6 of 10)

Randomly rotate between correspondence checks and labeling while giving the item

Correspondence Checks

Hold out the items on a bin lid corresponding to the icons, and say, “take it”

Mark “CC” in the OT column on the data sheet

REQUIREMENT: Combine phases 2F and 3C. 5 trials must be completed outside the booth

where the student must travel to book and then discriminate between icons

Phase 3C

4 preferred items Do correspondence checks using all 4 items

For this phase it is easier to put the items on a bin lid so that they are spread out and easily accessible to the child

When items are not spread out and accessible, tutors can easily mistake which item the child is reaching for

Trial is correct when child chooses the item they asked for

Trial is incorrect if child chooses a different item then what they asked for Use 4 step error correction for incorrect trials

Phase 3C continued

Trial is correct if the student gives the icon to the tutor then picks up and accepts corresponding item (engages with for at least 15 seconds)

Trial is incorrect if the student does not give icon to tutor or does not pick up or accept (engage in item for at least 15 seconds) corresponding item

Question 8: True or False: You have to run 10 trials for every PECS session

Question 9: How often should you do correspondence checks in phase 3B ? __ How about in 3C? __

A: 20% of the trials B: 40% of the trials C: 60% of the trials D: never

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4-Step Error CorrectionChild chooses item





-Do ELO



-Correspondence check




Go onto next trial

Go onto next trial

Go onto next trial


Go onto next trial

Incorrect item

Incorrect item

Corre

ct it

em

Correct item

Correct item

Incorrect item

Chooses correct itemChooses incorrect ite

m


TAKE DATA HERE


Tips

Remember we do not take data on the 4 step error correction, we only take data on the initial trial Note: If you get three consecutive incorrect

responses on the initial trials, stop the procedure and get it coded by a supervisor

Still have questions?

Contact the Icon Exchange Junior System Manager:

Courtney June at

[email protected] or ask a supervisor.

Icon Exchange Discrimination Phases

Technology

Transcript of Icon Exchange Discrimination Phases