Representative ListICH-02 – Form

REPRESENTATIVE LIST OFTHE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF HUMANITY

Deadline 31 March 2019for possible inscription in 2020

Instructions for completing the nomination form are available at:https://ich.unesco.org/en/forms

Nominations not complying with those instructions and those found below will be considered incomplete and cannot be accepted.

States Parties are further encouraged to consult the aide-mémoire for completing a nomination to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, which is available on the same webpage.

A. State(s) Party(ies)

For multinational nominations, States Parties should be listed in the order on which they have mutually agreed.

Finland

B. Name of the element

B.1. Name of the element in English or FrenchIndicate the official name of the element that will appear in published material.

Not to exceed 200 characters

Sauna culture in Finland

B.2. Name of the element in the language and script of the community concerned, if applicable

Indicate the official name of the element in the vernacular language corresponding to the official name in English or French (point B.1).

Not to exceed 200 characters

Finnish: Saunakulttuuri Suomessa, Swedish: Bastukultur i Finland

B.3. Other name(s) of the element, if anyIn addition to the official name(s) of the element (point B.1), mention alternate name(s), if any, by which the element is known.

North-Sámi: sávdnjekultuvra Suomas  

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C. Name of the communities, groups or, if applicable, individuals concerned

Identify clearly one or several communities, groups or, if applicable, individuals concerned with the nominated element.

Not to exceed 150 words

The majority of the population of Finland belongs to the community of bearers of the element. Men, women, children, inhabitants of all 19 regions, including members of minority groups, enjoy sauna culture at home or in public places. There are relatively few people who never use a sauna.There are, all over the country, organizations, institutions and individuals with a special relationship with sauna culture, such as tens of sauna associations and sauna clubs promoting sauna culture and furthering its diversity, universities, archives and heritage associations contributing to its documentation and study, artists highlighting sauna culture in their work, entrepreneurs who are part of the industry that has grown around the tradition, sauna stokers and other sauna staff.

There are specialist craftspeople who provide, at the demand of private people and clubs, traditional sauna stoves, pails, ladles, sauna whisks made of leafy birch twigs, linen ware, woodwork and other items.

D. Geographical location and range of the element

Provide information on the distribution of the element within the territory(ies) of the submitting State(s), indicating, if possible, the location(s) in which it is centred. Nominations should concentrate on the situation of the element within the territories of the submitting States, while acknowledging the existence of same or similar elements outside their territories. Submitting States should not refer to the viability of such intangible cultural heritage outside their territories or characterize the safeguarding efforts of other States.

Not to exceed 150 words

Sauna culture is spread throughout Finland. All 5.5 million inhabitants have access to it, simultaneously should they wish, since there are about 3.3 million saunas in Finland, most of which are located in private houses and summer cottages. Sauna forms and habits show some geographical variation.

Additionally, large numbers of public saunas can be found at – for instance – sports halls, public beaches, spas, public pools, hotels, hospitals, barracks, care homes, student accommodation, workplaces and even church premises. One can also find mobile, tent and raft saunas.

Steam bathing traditions are found throughout the world. Practices similar to those in Finland are found in and near the Baltic Sea region: in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Norway, Germany and Russia. Over the last fifty years sauna bathing the Finnish way has become popular in many countries and the Finnish word sauna has entered the lexicon of many languages.

E. Contact person for correspondence

E.1. Designated contact personProvide the name, address and other contact information of a single person responsible for all correspondence concerning the nomination. For multinational nominations, provide complete contact information for one person designated by the States Parties as the main contact person for all correspondence relating to the nomination.

Title (Ms/Mr, etc.): Ms.

Family name: Marsio

Given name: Leena

Institution/position: Finnish Heritage Agency / Senior advisor

Address: P.O. Box 913 FI-00101 Helsinki Finland

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Telephone number: +359 295 33 6017

Email address: leena.marsio@museovirasto.fi

Other relevant information:

http://www.aineetonkulttuuriperinto.fi/en/index

E.2. Other contact persons (for multinational files only)Provide below complete contact information for one person in each submitting State, other than the primary contact person identified above.

     

1. Identification and definition of the element

For Criterion R.1, States shall demonstrate that ‘the element constitutes intangible cultural heritage as defined in Article 2 of the Convention’.

Tick one or more boxes to identify the domain(s) of intangible cultural heritage manifested by the element, which might include one or more of the domains identified in Article 2.2 of the Convention. If you tick ‘other(s)’, specify the domain(s) in brackets.

oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of intangible cultural heritage

performing arts

social practices, rituals and festive events

knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe

traditional craftsmanship

other(s) ()

This section should address all the significant features of the element as it exists at present, and should include:

a. an explanation of its social functions and cultural meanings today, within and for its community;b. the characteristics of the bearers and practitioners of the element;c. any specific roles, including gender-related ones or categories of persons with special

responsibilities towards the element; andd. the current modes of transmission of the knowledge and skills related to the element.

The Committee should receive sufficient information to determine:a. that the element is among the ‘practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills — as well

as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith —’;b. ‘that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize [it] as part of their cultural

heritage’;c. that it is being ‘transmitted from generation to generation, [and] is constantly recreated by

communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history’;

d. that it provides the communities and groups involved with ‘a sense of identity and continuity’; ande. that it is not incompatible with ‘existing international human rights instruments as well as with the

requirements of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable development’.

Overly technical descriptions should be avoided and submitting States should keep in mind that this section must explain the element to readers who have no prior knowledge or direct experience of it. Nomination files need not address in detail the history of the element, or its origin or antiquity.

(i) Provide a brief description of the element that can introduce it to readers who have never seen or experienced it.

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

Sauna culture is an integral part of life for the majority of the population, and most people have their first sauna experience as babies. Sauna culture involves much more than simply washing

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oneself. In a sauna people cleanse their bodies and their minds, embracing a sense of inner peace and enjoying their connection with nature. Traditionally, the sauna has been considered a sacred space – a ‘church of nature’.

At the heart of every sauna in Finland lies ‘löyly’, the spirit or steam released by casting water onto a stack of heated stones. The air temperature while sauna bathing is typically 65–105 °C. The bathers alternate between staying in the hot sauna and cooling down outside, which often includes swimming, and in winter possibly a dip into an ice hole or rolling in the snow.

People have their own habits concerning sauna bathing. Some prefer a short time in a hot sauna, others a longer time in milder heat. Bathers are commonly nude, especially at home, but may also be covered.

Bathing turns are commonly based on the traditional gender division in public saunas and on social occasions. In most families, children and parents bathe together until the children reach puberty; after that they bathe together with same-gender family members.

Saunas come in many forms that offer different experiences; the most common types being electric, wood-heated, smoke and infra-red saunas. Many people in the sauna make use of special craft products, such as whisks, pails or linen ware.

(ii) Who are the bearers and practitioners of the element? Are there any specific roles, including gender-related ones or categories of persons with special responsibilities for the practice and transmission of the element? If so, who are they and what are their responsibilities?

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

In Finland most people are bearers of sauna culture and sauna bathing is a popular way of spending time with friends and family in a relaxing atmosphere, although people often bathe alone to wash and relax by themselves. Even those who are not active sauna goers are familiar with the customs that form part of sauna bathing.

Women and men prepare sauna baths and perform the same tasks. Small children sit with their parents on lower benches. Young children sometimes play in a small tub while adults bathe on the higher benches. Once children are familiar with sauna bathing, they start sitting higher up with the adults or bathing on their own. Anyone can heat up a sauna and enjoy it.

Tens of Finnish sauna clubs and many individuals foster the tradition by sharing in-depth knowledge, arranging special events and maintaining traditional sauna establishments, such as old public saunas or smoke saunas, reviving related traditions. Cupping and washer traditions, for instance, are slowly becoming more popular again. The washers are often women.

Finnish universities play a role by housing various types of sauna research. Archives and museums have a significant role in collecting and managing valuable historical documents and artwork.

While local entrepreneurs building saunas and industries producing stoves play a major role in providing the material background for the continuation of sauna culture in Finland, various handicrafts also have their contribution to make. Some artisans produce traditional wooden saunas, while others make pails, carve ladles or weave special linen.

(iii) How are the knowledge and skills related to the element transmitted today?

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

Sauna traditions are commonly passed on to children by parents and other relatives, and by everyone – through word and gesture – to people who are new to the tradition, like visitors, immigrants or tourists. Saunas at public pools and other generally accessible locations offer a place for everyone to get acquainted with sauna bathing. Schools and many activities involving young people are instrumental in the transmission of sauna culture. For their obligatory

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swimming lessons, for instance, all children visit swimming halls where sauna is part of each visit. During camping excursions and other extra-curricular activities, and in the army too, young people take a sauna together. This means that young people with an immigrant background come into contact with sauna culture. Sauna associations and communities share their knowledge of sauna culture through special events, such as Helsinki Sauna Day or the annual gathering of mobile saunas in Teuva,. Since each sauna has its own ‘löyly’, people are keen to visit different saunas and learn from the experiences and knowledge of others.

Finns living abroad carry sauna culture with them. Finnish UN troops, for instance, have built saunas from Namibia to Afghanistan, for themselves and the local people with whom they work.

Sauna is a common topic in everyday discourse, in the media, in literature and even in fairytales. Sauna bathing and related traditions are often portrayed in cultural expressions, which adds to the transmission of the appreciation and understanding of sauna culture.

(iv) What social functions and cultural meanings does the element have for its community nowadays?

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

Sauna bathing brings together relatives, friends, colleagues, sport teams and even strangers. It provides an important tool for people with an immigrant background to help them integrate in the country. In the sauna people remove their social status with their clothing. There is a feeling of equality and respect among bathers. The social value of sauna bathing is immense; it gives people opportunities to socialise, communicate and – if they wish – integrate. Even when bathing alone, people feel part of a widely-shared sauna culture.

The sauna is a multisensory experience that strengthens people’s connection with nature. Many claim that the best sauna experiences are in nature and include a swim and heating with firewood. Practitioners recognise the contribution of sauna culture to their sense of identity as Finnish citizens.

Through sauna bathing people consciously work on their health. Research findings show that sauna bathing may be connected to a lowering of blood pressure, stimulation of the immune system, positive effects on the autonomic nervous system, and improved cardiovascular function. Traditional Finnish medicine and healing evolved in the sauna. Beating oneself with a sauna whisk is a form of healing that is widely used. Bathers commonly state that they feel revitalised after sauna and incomplete without it. ‘Sauna is a poor man’s pharmacy’ is a popular proverb.

Part of sauna culture is building saunas in interesting places or using unusual materials, such as ice. A yearly mobile sauna gathering brings together saunas built inside vehicles and trailers.

(v) Is there any part of the element that is not compatible with existing international human rights instruments or with the requirement of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, or with sustainable development?

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

No aspect of sauna culture is incompatible with existing human rights instruments or with the requirement of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, or sustainable development.

In Finland, sauna bathing is considered a privilege that belongs to everyone, regardless of gender, age, social status or cultural background. Nursing homes have saunas for the elderly; disabled people, prisoners and others whose lives are marked by constraints all have access to saunas, too. These days, bathing turns are commonly based on the traditional gender division

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of men and women, but mixed saunas are again becoming more common. New urban sauna culture emphasises body positivity and safe spaces for all genders.

A significant concern for the sauna tradition nowadays is its impact on the environment. Heating a sauna consumes a considerable amount of energy and may generate different types of emissions. Legislation, including building regulations, aims at reducing harmful effects and, with technical innovations and stricter regulations, the situation has been constantly improving. Permits are required to build a sauna and detailed regulations apply to the management of waste water from saunas, among other things. The sauna stove industry plays a major role in minimising carbon-based emissions. Stoves nowadays are more energy-efficient due to needing less wood or electricity, in addition to which, as gases burn at hotter temperatures than before, the emission of fine particles is reduced and the heat that is generated in the process can be stored better.

2. Contribution to ensuring visibility and awareness and to encouraging dialogue

For Criterion R.2, the States shall demonstrate that ‘Inscription of the element will contribute to ensuring visibility and awareness of the significance of the intangible cultural heritage and to encouraging dialogue, thus reflecting cultural diversity worldwide and testifying to human creativity ’. This criterion will only be considered to be satisfied if the nomination demonstrates how the possible inscription would contribute to ensuring the visibility and awareness of the significance of intangible cultural heritage in general, and not only of the inscribed element itself, and to encouraging dialogue that respects cultural diversity.

(i) How could the inscription of the element on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity contribute to the visibility of the intangible cultural heritage in general (and not only of the inscribed element itself) and raise awareness of its importance?

(i.a) Please explain how this would be achieved at the local level.

Not fewer than 100 or more than 150 words

In spite of their sauna practices having been such a characteristic aspect of their daily life since time immemorial, most inhabitants of the country until recently did not consciously consider these cultural heritage manifestations. The inventorying of sauna bathing in 2016 and 2017, and the widely publicised Sauna-to-UNESCO campaign, helped people realise the intangible heritage character and significance of their sauna traditions for society, at local and national level. Inscription on the Representative List would further increase this process. A major effect of inscription would be that people will increasingly reflect on their own intangible heritage and that of others, and on the value and function of such heritage. This may lead to increased understanding of and respect for one’s own and other groups’ intangible heritage.

(i.b) Please explain how this would be achieved at the national level.

Not fewer than 100 or more than 150 words

This is the first time the Finnish authorities are proposing a living heritage element present on their territory for inscription on a UNESCO intangible heritage list. From among a number of proposed elements they deliberately selected for this first submission a maximally federating element that is practised in all regions of the country and by all groups inhabiting the country. Sauna bathing being mentioned by most inhabitants of Finland when asked for a salient tradition practised in their country, it is expected by the authorities and experts that have advised them that its inscription will speak to a large majority of the population, and that it therefore will be key in raising the level of awareness in the country of intangible heritage in general, and its functions in society in general, as well as within the different groups that make

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up national society.

(i.c) Please explain how this would be achieved at the international level.

Not fewer than 100 or more than 150 words

Inscription of the element would draw international-level attention to the fact an everyday practice that in other places may not be considered cultural heritage, can indeed be experienced and spoken about within a specific community as a central aspect of the intangible cultural heritage of that community.

Inscription would also give wide visibility to an element of intangible heritage that is practised and transmitted in private by millions of citizens and – that at the same time and complementarily – is furthered and safeguarded by professionals and authorities, who happily make use of the element to help people work on their well-being, or integrate or reintegrate into society. Finally, inscription would highlight a clear example of a living heritage practice that profits from the harmoniously integrated implementation of findings of vernacular and formal medicine.

(ii) How would dialogue among communities, groups and individuals be encouraged by the inscription of the element?

Not fewer than 100 or more than 150 words

Increased visibility of the element after inscription could lead to contact and exchange of experiences between representatives of sauna culture in Finland and representatives of bathing traditions elsewhere in the world – to compare their traditions and learn from each other’s awareness-raising and safeguarding processes.

Contacts might also be established between representatives of sauna culture in Finland and groups elsewhere that also practise an element that has or that used to have an important impact on the environment, in order to engage in dialogue about adapting inherited processes in such a way that harmful effects on the environment are mitigated.

The bearers of the element would also be happy to share with bearers of other widely-practised traditions their experiences in mobilising intangible heritage for the integration or reintegration of persons, or groups of persons in society – including persons in difficult situations.

(iii) How would human creativity and respect for cultural diversity be promoted by the inscription of the element?

Not fewer than 100 or more than 150 words

Inscription would highlight a living heritage element that shows a wide variety of forms and approaches that are generally accepted and appreciated – there are no superior or canonical approaches. People might appreciate understanding that this variation, which is a major guarantee of the element’s viability, is partly due to innovative approaches and processes that are developed in order to allow as many people as possible to take part in sauna bathing, including, for instance, immigrants and tourists, and to mitigate harmful effects on the environment.

Since the element inspires artists from different disciplines, inscription will also highlight the links that may exist between living heritage practices and artistic expression and the positive effects such links may have on the appreciation and viability of the heritage concerned.

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3. Safeguarding measures

For Criterion R.3, States shall demonstrate that ‘safeguarding measures are elaborated that may protect and promote the element’.

3.a. Past and current efforts to safeguard the element

(i) How is the viability of the element being ensured by the communities, groups or, if applicable, individuals concerned? What past and current initiatives have they taken in this regard?

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

In Finland, sauna culture is viable thanks to its widespread practice by people of all age groups and genders, everywhere in the country, and thanks to its wide-scale transmission.

Sauna clubs, associations and informal sauna communities contribute, however, in important ways to the viability and diversity of the element. They run their own saunas and arrange sauna events; they also organise visits to saunas around Finland and abroad. Some try to preserve or revitalise traditional sauna forms, such as smoke saunas. Dedicated associations fund sauna related research (including an inventory of smoke saunas), events and publications. Some large enterprises introduced saunas for their employees, especially in the 1990s and 1980s.

Everyone is encouraged to enjoy sauna bathing and those who need and wish for help, are assisted. There are, for instance, local initiatives that support sauna access for the elderly. The Finnish Red Cross, together with the International Sauna Association and the Finnish Sauna Society, started a programme familiarising refugees with sauna culture. A guide to sauna bathing was released in English, Arab, Somali, Sorani Kurdish and Persian. Some public saunas have special hours for women, which allows people from different cultural backgrounds to enjoy the sauna.

Traditional public saunas in the cities almost disappeared after the 50s; in recent years new public saunas have been constructed and public sauna culture has been reinforced, thanks to private initiatives.

Artists and the media actively contribute to the appreciation of sauna culture.

Tick one or more boxes to identify the safeguarding measures that have been and are currently being taken by the communities, groups or individuals concerned:

transmission, particularly through formal and non-formal education

identification, documentation, research

preservation, protection

promotion, enhancement

revitalization

(ii) How have the States Parties concerned safeguarded the element? Specify any external or internal constraints, such as limited resources. What past and current efforts has it made in this regard?

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

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Cities and municipalities in Finland offer cheap or free access to saunas in public swimming pools, lakeside facilities, and other sports facilities. Over 250 swimming pools offer sauna facilities, which are used by many millions of visitors per year, and by school children who go there for swimming lessons. The Finnish army, state prisons and Parliament are examples of public institutions that offer access to saunas.

The State financially supports sauna culture through the funding of research and documentation. Some ten doctoral theses and over a hundred peer reviewed studies on physiological and health effects of sauna bathing have been completed over the last decade at medical faculties. Other studies focus on particulate emissions by sauna stoves – and on measures for reducing these.

Universities, museums and archives document sauna traditions and also make them available to audiences to inform them about sauna culture.

Building and zoning instructions include guidelines for sauna building in urban environments as well as in the countryside. Most apartment buildings built since the 50s have at minimum a shared sauna. In the last decades saunas have been built in most new apartments, while now the trend is again moving towards providing shared saunas. Dedicated laws and regulations aim to minimise the environmental damage incurred from burning processes and sauna sewage. Sauna stoves are tested for safety aspects by public organizations.

Tick one or more boxes to identify the safeguarding measures that have been and are currently being taken by the State(s) Party(ies) with regard to the element:

transmission, particularly through formal and non-formal education

identification, documentation, research

preservation, protection

promotion, enhancement

revitalization

3.b. Safeguarding measures proposedThis section should identify and describe safeguarding measures that will be implemented, especially those intended to protect and promote the element. The safeguarding measures should be described in terms of concrete engagements of the States Parties and communities and not only in terms of possibilities and potentialities.

(i) What measures are proposed to help ensure that the viability of the element is not jeopardized in the future, especially as an unintended result of inscription and the resulting visibility and public attention?

Not fewer than 500 or more than 750 words

Safeguarding through continued practice and transmission

Sauna culture is thriving in Finland, thanks to countrywide practice and the unimpaired functioning of traditional transmission systems. Sauna bathers take pride in passing on their traditions to the next generations and to people who are new to the tradition. Sauna users and experts who were interviewed during the preparation of this application report that they don’t think that this situation will change any soon. They generally feel that practice and transmission within the family, among friends and colleagues and at school is the best guarantee for the safeguarding of sauna culture in Finland. Sauna clubs and associations dedicated to promoting and safeguarding the element are determined to continue their safeguarding activities in the future, in particular those mentioned in section 3.c below

Strengthening cooperation in the sauna communityA ‘Sauna Circle’, a platform for countrywide consultation and cooperation between members of sauna-related groups and organizations will be initiated in early 2019. The Sauna Circle will continue the network that was formed during the involvement of a large number of sauna clubs, individuals and entrepreneurs in the common cause of preparing this application. The Sauna

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Circle will encourage dialogue and exchange of expertise, and help participants explore new ways of safeguarding environmentally sustainable sauna culture in Finland in order to guarantee a good sauna experience for future generations, too. The cooperation will also focus on maintaining access for all to sauna, regardless of a person’s wealth or background, and on raising awareness of the tradition in its many forms.

SustainabilityThe main challenge for sauna bathing is the further reduction of sauna-related pollution, including CO2 emissions. Therefore, one of the first tasks of the Sauna Circle would be the production, together with practitioners and other experts, of a sustainability guide, for both private and public saunas. This guide will have to deal with issues of environmental, socio-cultural and economical sustainability. It should reinforce awareness of the need to find and apply innovative sustainable approaches in sauna building and heating and for managing waste water in an environment-friendly way – see also section 1(v) above.

Awareness and promotion of sauna traditionsIn 2016 sauna clubs and organizations started a petition to make the day of Finnish sauna into a national flag day; this process will be continued.

Sauna culture will be further promoted in different media channels across the country. As an example, the Public Service Broadcaster of Finland will launch the theme of sauna across all of its media platforms in summer 2019, to raise awareness of the importance and diversity of sauna culture in Finland. The campaign will run from 8 June to 1 August 2019 and will include interviews with community members, sauna experts and researchers, visits to saunas in Finland and abroad, blog texts and participatory photo campaigns, among other elements. This will serve as a learning basis for carrying out other media campaigns at local and regional levels in the near future.

Sauna clubs, organizations and other sauna groups will continue organizing their annual sauna events as they have done in the past.

Possible unintended results of inscription:Tourists visiting Finland have been attracted by its sauna traditions for decades and public saunas and saunas in hotels, holiday resorts, etc. are used to having many foreign visitors. In Finland, the sauna tradition has, however, been developed and is developing further primarily amongst small saunas that are used by one family or by otherwise restricted groups of people. This situation makes sauna traditions in Finland resistant to external influences. Tourism has never been a threat to these traditions and will not be in the future, even if the number of tourists wanting to experience sauna culture in Finland were to increase. Increased attention from outside after inscription, if it materialises, will not be focused on one specific sauna, organization or area.

Public saunas and sauna clubs do welcome interest from outside and are eager to share knowledge and offer good experiences to those who are not familiar with sauna bathing. As indicated in section 3.a (1i), the number of public saunas is rising and it is especially in such saunas that tourists and immigrants take their first steps to familiarise themselves with sauna bathing. Tourists may thus help traditional public saunas maintain their viability. Tourists who deeply enjoy sauna bathing in our country will usually look for possibilities for enjoying sauna experiences in their own houses, or home setting.

(ii) How will the States Parties concerned support the implementation of the proposed safeguarding measures?

Not fewer than 100 or more than 250 words

National and local authorities will continue offering sauna facilities in cities and municipalities

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across the country. They are also constantly developing regulations for the responsible use of saunas.

Universities, archives and museums funded by the State will continue to finance the documentation and study of sauna culture in the widest sense of the concept, including studies carried out at medical faculties. The Public Service Broadcaster of Finland will continue highlighting sauna culture across all of its media platforms (TV, radio, internet, social media).

The Finnish Heritage Agency will host the first meeting of the Sauna Circle platform and invite participants from throughout the country. It is important that as many sauna associations and clubs as possible can participate to discuss themes they consider crucial and to develop concrete activities. It will be possible to apply for funding from the Finnish Heritage Agency for future activities of the Sauna Circle.

The Agency will also be involved in discussions and activities aimed at preserving spaces that are of special relevance for sauna culture; it has, for instance, initiated discussions with the owners of three traditional public sauna buildings in Helsinki and Tampere. The common goal is to preserve the buildings in question and this type of sauna institution, which is freely accessible to anyone, for generations to come.

(iii) How have communities, groups or individuals been involved in planning the proposed safeguarding measures, including in terms of gender roles, and how will they be involved in their implementation?

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

Possible safeguarding measures have been discussed extensively during the process of the preparation of this application (for details of meetings and consultations, see section 4.1). Safeguarding sauna culture in Finland also was a key topic in a discussion about urban sauna culture and sauna culture as intangible cultural heritage held at the Museum of Finnish Architecture in November 2018.

Safeguarding measures were the subject of one of the questions asked in a broad online survey (see section 4.a). It turned out that in Finland, among regular bathers there is a common feeling of ownership regarding sauna culture; another common feeling was that the viability of the tradition at the moment is not at stake, which meant that some of the interviewees did not see a particular need for additional action by the State. Nevertheless, valuable suggestions for safeguarding measures could be collected and presented to a specially created board (see section 4.a) for further discussion. This process led to the measures presented in section 3.b (i).

Both men and women participated in the meetings and in the various forms of contact in which the viability of the element was discussed and in which safeguarding measures were proposed and elaborated on. In the further promotion and safeguarding of sauna culture – including the measures presented above – both women and men will participate, in similar roles and most probably in similar numbers.

3.c. Competent body(ies) involved in safeguardingProvide the name, address and other contact information of the competent body(ies) and, if applicable, the name and title of the contact person(s), with responsibility for the local management and safeguarding of the element.

Kansainvälinen Saunaliitto (International Sauna Association (ISA)) Mr. Risto Elomaa, PresidentVaskiniementie 10, FI-00200, Helsinki+358 40 596 4022risto.elomaa@kolumbus.fi www.saunainternational.net

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Kansainvälinen Savusaunaklubi ry (International Smoke Sauna Club NGO)Mr. Harri Kallio, Vice ChairMartanpiha 7, FI-33960 Pirkkala+358 40 842 2600harri.kallio@pjhoy.fi http://savusauna.fi/node/147

Oulun Rantasaunaseura ry (Oulu Beach Sauna Association NGO)Mr. Markku Seppänen, ChairKahvelitie 19 C6, FI-90510, Oulu+358 40 745 7314info@oulunsauna.fiwww.oulunsauna.fi

Pispalan saunayhdistys ry / Rajaportin sauna, Tampere (Pispala Sauna Association NGO / Rajaportti Sauna)Mr. Veikko Niskavaara, SecretaryPispalan Valtatie 9, FI-33250 Tampere+358 40 737 0104veikko.niskavaara@gmail.comwww.rajaportti.fi

Polarin Saunakerho ry (Polari Sauna Club Association NGO)Mr. Tapio Heimala, ChairKievarinkatu 1, FI-53100, Lappeenranta+358 40 084 4181peklipia@kymp.nethttps://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Nonprofit-Organization/Polarin-Saunakerho-ry-857009914421821/

Sauna from Finland ry (Sauna from Finland NGO)Mr. Pekka Krook, Chair of the board Roopesuontie 30, FI-40530 Jyväskylä+358 (0)456318384pekka.krook1@gmail.comwww.saunafromfinland.fi

SaunaMafia ry, Vantaa (Sauna Society Saunamafia NGO)Mr. Ari Tahvanainen, Chair Kolohonganreitti 2 F 18, FI-01260, Vantaa+358 40 553 4994ari.tahvanainen@kolumbus.fi www.SaunaMafia.fi

Saunamestari Kilta ry (Sauna Masters’ Guild Association NGO)Mr. Pekka Paasonen, Chair Juvakankatu 11b, FI-53100, Lappeenranta+358 45 888 0101pontto013@gmail.com www.saunaseurat.fi

Saunaseura KUUMA ry, Kerava (Sauna Society KUUMA NGO)Mr. Juha Rytkönen, Chair Voikukantie 5, FI-04300 Tuusula+358 45 677 3199info@saunaseurakuuma.fi

Form ICH-02-2020-EN – revised on 21/03/2018 – page 12

www.saunaseurakuuma.fi

Saunaseura Löylynlyöjät ry (Löylynlyöjät Sauna Society)Mr. Kalle Kauppila, Vice ChairVanha Tampereentie 35, FI-39500 Ikaalinen+358 50 598 3933kalle@kauppila.netwww.saunafestivaalit.fi

Saunaseura Vastaisku ryMr. Jaani Tanskanen, ChairRatapihantie 13, FI-00520, Helsinki+358 40 737 0104hallitus@vastaisku.net www.vastaisku.net

Siirrettävien saunojen kokoontumisajot ry, Teuva (Mobile Sauna Festival Association NGO)Mr. Jaakko Ketomäki, ChairParrantie 27, FI-64700, Teuva+358 040 705 8080 tanja.piispanen@korpelat.com www.sauna-ajot.com

Sompasaunaseura ry, Helsinki (Sompasauna Association NGO)Ms. Saara Louhensalo, PR and Strategy ManagerSompasaaren laituri, FI-00540, Helsinki+358 (0)41 3691693sompasauna@sompasauna.fiwww.sompasauna.fi

Suomen Saunaseura (Finnish Sauna Society)Mr. Tuomas Lehtonen, ChairVaskiniementie 10, FI-00200, Helsinki+358 40 560 9879tuomas.lehtonen@finlit.fi www.sauna.fi

Teuvan Saunaparaati, Saunanturvajoukot, Teuva (Rapid Zil Finnish Sauna Force NGO (RZFSF))Mr. Jukka Muotio, Parade commander Vaasantie 5, FI-64700, Teuva+358 40 066 3031jukka.muotio@teuvanristeys.com www.teuvanristeys.com

4. Community participation and consent in the nomination process

For Criterion R.4, States shall demonstrate that ‘the element has been nominated following the widest possible participation of the community, group or, if applicable, individuals concerned and with their free, prior and informed consent’.

4.a. Participation of communities, groups and individuals concerned in the nomination

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processDescribe how the community, group or, if applicable, individuals concerned have actively participated in all stages of the preparation of the nomination, including in terms of the role of gender.

States Parties are encouraged to prepare nominations with the participation of a wide variety of other parties concerned, including, where appropriate, local and regional governments, communities, NGOs, research institutes, centres of expertise and others. States Parties are reminded that the communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals whose intangible cultural heritage is concerned are essential participants throughout the conception and preparation of nominations, proposals and requests, as well as the planning and implementation of safeguarding measures, and are invited to devise creative measures to ensure that their widest possible participation is built in at every stage, as required by Article 15 of the Convention.

Not fewer than 300 or more than 500 words

Sauna bathing was included in 2016 in the Wiki-inventory of Living Heritage and in early 2017 in the National Inventory of Living Heritage. A variety of groups that represent the diversity of sauna practices found in Finland were involved in the preparation of these inscriptions. In the same period sauna association representatives contacted relevant authorities, including the Finnish Heritage Agency, to explore the possibilities for the nomination of sauna bathing for the Representative List. In early 2018 an expert was appointed to coordinate the preparation of the application.

All sauna clubs and associations that were known to exist in Finland were invited to an open meeting on 21 January 2018 to discuss the desirability of a nomination. At the meeting a directive board was created and a plan of action drawn up. This was the start of Saunominen Unescoon –hanke, ‘the Sauna to UNESCO initiative’. This initiative has been covered more than a hundred times in the media.

In the course of 2018 the directive board had nine meetings, during which, successively, the preparation process and the content of the nomination file were discussed. In February, a web page was launched to invite tradition bearers to participate in the process and – if they wished – to express their support for the application. During the application process the community behind the proposal grew to over 40 sauna associations/clubs and sauna managers.

In June 2018 a sauna day was held at Railway Square in Helsinki in order to inform the public about the application initiative and to help interested organizations and individuals meet. On 19 August groups and institutions that had expressed interest in participating in the further preparation of the application met in Helsinki to discuss how to present the element and its bearers.

A discussion about urban sauna culture and sauna culture as intangible heritage, held at the Museum of Finnish Architecture in November 2018, brought together a wide array of sauna users and experts.

In autumn 2018 an online survey was held, which allowed individual sauna users to participate in the process and to give their input for the application. They were asked to reflect on issues that mirrored questions in the nomination file, including safeguarding measures. The inquiry collected experiences and opinions from a total of 136 female and 152 male sauna users and experts throughout the country, who all supported the nomination.

The application was finalised between November 2018 and February 2019 based on the information gathered throughout the preparation process. Thousands of exchanges have taken place face to face, through emails, phone calls, and interviews with representatives from sauna clubs, individual practitioners and experts. In January 2019 two final meetings were held to review the file together with representatives from committed groups and organizations. It was then decided that at international level the title ‘Sauna culture in Finland’ would represent the element better than ’Sauna bathing’, since ‘Sauna culture’, while including bathing, also covers other aspects of sauna traditions in Finland.

4.b. Free, prior and informed consent to the nominationThe free, prior and informed consent to the nomination of the element of the community, group or, if applicable, individuals concerned may be demonstrated through written or recorded concurrence, or through other means, according to the legal regimens of the State Party and the infinite variety of communities and groups concerned. The

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Committee will welcome a broad range of demonstrations or attestations of community consent in preference to standard or uniform declarations. Evidence of free, prior and informed consent shall be provided in one of the working languages of the Committee (English or French), as well as in the language of the community concerned if its members use languages other than English or French.

Attach to the nomination form information showing such consent and indicate below what documents you are providing, how they were obtained and what form they take. Indicate also the gender of the people providing their consent.

Not fewer than 150 or more than 250 words

Attached to this form are 25 letters of support from sauna clubs and associations, and from a few individuals who have participated in the preparation of this application and who are involved in promoting and safeguarding sauna culture in Finland. In most cases the chairperson has signed the consent on behalf of the sauna club or association – 8 were signed by women, 25 by men. Most sauna clubs have both women and men as members.

All associations and clubs that have participated in the preparation of this application were sent a request (in January 2019) by email to collect – if they still agreed – their consent for the nomination. They all expressed their support for the application. Some had sent letters of support earlier on. The consent they expressed in their letters can indeed be called free (clubs, associations and individuals, when aware of the possibility, wanted to express their consent), prior (people have had ample time to reflect on their position) and informed (all letters come from groups or individuals who have been involved in the preparation process.)

4.c. Respect for customary practices governing access to the elementAccess to certain specific aspects of intangible cultural heritage or to information about it is sometimes restricted by customary practices enacted and conducted by the communities in order, for example, to maintain the secrecy of specific knowledge. If such practices exist, demonstrate that the inscription of the element and implementation of the safeguarding measures would fully respect such customary practices governing access to specific aspects of such heritage (cf. Article 13 of the Convention). Describe any specific measures that might need to be taken to ensure such respect.

If no such practices exist, please provide a clear statement that there are no customary practices governing access to the element in at least 50 words.

Not fewer than 50 or more than 250 words

Sauna culture in Finland is a common and shared tradition that is accessible to all and that does not have secret aspects. Plenty of information about it can be found in books, magazines and online, while practitioners are willing to share their knowledge and skills. There are many public saunas and saunas in special places where people can enjoy special experiences. At Saunakylä, a village with smoke saunas, for instance, everyone is welcome not only to come and bathe, but also to help repair the old smoke saunas. The habits of sauna bathing are readily shared with visitors, for instance with guests from abroad in summer cottages, that number close to half a million in Finland. Or in the Sompasauna – a modern 24/7 self-service sauna in Helsinki that is run by volunteers, that welcomes anyone to bathe at any time and where interested visitors will unquestioningly be taught how to chop fire wood, start the fire or cast löyly.

4.d. Community organization(s) or representative(s) concernedProvide detailed contact information for each community organization or representative, or other non-governmental organization, concerned with the element such as associations, organizations, clubs, guilds, steering committees, etc.:

a. Name of the entity;b. Name and title of the contact person;c. Address;d. Telephone number;e. Email address;

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f. Other relevant information.

Kansainvälinen Saunaliitto (International Sauna Association (ISA)) Mr. Risto Elomaa, PresidentVaskiniementie 10, FI-00200, Helsinki+358 40 596 4022risto.elomaa@kolumbus.fi www.saunainternational.net

Kansainvälinen Savusaunaklubi ry (International Smoke Sauna Club NGO)Mr. Harri Kallio, Vice ChairMartanpiha 7, FI-33960 Pirkkala+358 40 842 2600harri.kallio@pjhoy.fihttp://savusauna.fi/node/147

Ms. Laura Seesmeri, University of TurkuResearcherPeipposkuja 2 A, FI-28300 Pori+358 40 590 3660laura.seesmeri@utu.fi

Saunaryhmä Löylyveljet (Sauna Group Löyly Brothers)Mr. Masi MyllymäkiPalomäenkatu 21, FI-45100 Kouvola+358 50 447 6880masi.myllymaki@outlook.com

Ms. Maaria Alén, Folk HealerRentukankatu 8, 15240, Lahti+358 (0)44 708 0662maaria@travellamo.fi

Oulun Rantasaunaseura ry (Oulu Beach Sauna Association NGO)Mr. Markku Seppänen, ChairKahvelitie 19 C6, FI-90510, Oulu+358 40 745 7314info@oulunsauna.fiwww.oulunsauna.fi

Pispalan saunayhdistys ry / Rajaportin sauna, Tampere (Pispala Sauna Association NGO / Rajaportti Sauna)Mr. Veikko Niskavaara, SecretaryPispalan Valtatie 9, FI-33250 Tampere+358 40 737 0104veikko.niskavaara@gmail.comwww.rajaportti.fi

Polarin Saunakerho ry (Polari Sauna Club Association NGO)Mr. Tapio Heimala, ChairKievarinkatu 1, FI-53100, Lappeenranta+358 40 084 4181peklipia@kymp.net

https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Nonprofit-Organization/Polarin-Saunakerho-ry-857009914421821/

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Polyteknikkojen Saunaseura ry (PTSS) (Polytechnical Sauna Society NGO)Mr. Ville Alasalmi, ChairOtakaari 11, FI-02150, Espoo+358 44 271 5327ptss-hallitus@list.ayy.fi , ville.alasalmi@aalto.fihttps://ayy.fi/profiles/polyteknikkojen-saunaseura-ry/

Ms. Ritva Ohmeroluoma, Sauna activistKalliorinne 12, 04360 Tuusula+358 (0)40 0109 021ritvaohmeroluoma@gmail.com

Sauna Arla Perinneyhdistys ry (Sauna Arla Tradition Association NGO)Mr. Kimmo Helistö, entrepreneurKaarlenkatu 15, FI-00530 Helsinki+358 50 533 5336sauna@arlansauna.fi www.arlansauna.net

Sauna from Finland ry (Sauna from Finland NGO)Mr. Pekka Krook, Chair of the board Roopesuontie 30, FI-40530 Jyväskylä+358 (0)456318384pekka.krook1@gmail.comwww.saunafromfinland.fi

SaunaMafia ry, Vantaa (Sauna Society Saunamafia NGO)Mr. Ari Tahvanainen, Chair Kolohonganreitti 2 F 18, FI-01260, Vantaa+358 40 553 4994ari.tahvanainen@kolumbus.fi www.SaunaMafia.fi

Saunamestari Kilta ry (Sauna Masters’ Guild Association NGO)Mr. Pekka Paasonen, Chair Juvakankatu 11b, FI-53100, Lappeenranta+358 45 888 0101pontto013@gmail.com www.saunaseurat.fi

Saunaseura Kipakka ry, Kotka (Sauna Society Kipakka NGO)Mr. Pertti Innanen, Chair Valkamakatu 5 C 28, FI-48200, Kotka+358 44 079 8139pertti.i@luukku.com www.saunaseurakipakka.fi

Saunaseura KUUMA ry, Kerava (Sauna Society KUUMA NGO)Mr. Juha Rytkönen, Chair Voikukantie 5, FI-04300 Tuusula+358 45 677 3199info@saunaseurakuuma.fi www.saunaseurakuuma.fi

Saunaseura Löylynlyöjät ry (Löylynlyöjät Sauna Society)

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Mr. Kalle Kauppila, Vice ChairVanha Tampereentie 35, FI-39500 Ikaalinen+358 50 598 3933kalle@kauppila.netwww.saunafestivaalit.fi

Saunaseura Vastaisku ryMr. Jaani Tanskanen, ChairRatapihantie 13, FI-00520, Helsinki+358 40 737 0104hallitus@vastaisku.net www.vastaisku.net

Saunologia.fi Mr. Lassi A. Liikkanen, Principal SaunologistLokkalantie 3 b 15, FI-00330, Helsinki+358 50 384 1508 saunologia@gmail.com www.saunologia.fi

Siirrettävien saunojen kokoontumisajot ry, Teuva (Mobile Sauna Festival Association NGO)Mr. Jaakko Ketomäki, ChairParrantie 27, FI-64700, Teuva+358 040 705 8080 tanja.piispanen@korpelat.com www.sauna-ajot.com

Sompasaunaseura ry, Helsinki (Sompasauna Association NGO)Ms. Saara Louhensalo, PR and Strategy ManagerSompasaaren laituri, FI-00540, Helsinki+358 (0)41 3691693sompasauna@sompasauna.fiwww.sompasauna.fi

Suomen Saunakulttuuri ry (Association of Finish Sauna Culture NGO)Ms. Saija Silén, ChairAlatie 9, 42300 Jämsänkoski+358 (0)44-5786762suomen.saunakulttuuri@gmail.com www.juokslahti.com/saunakyla/

Suomen SaunaseuraMr. Tuomas Lehtonen, ChairVaskiniementie 10, FI-00200, Helsinki+358 40 560 9879tuomas.lehtonen@finlit.fi www.sauna.fi

Teuvan Saunaparaati, Saunanturvajoukot, Teuva (Rapid Zil Finnish Sauna Force NGO (RZFSF))Mr. Jukka Muotio, Parade commander Vaasantie 5, FI-64700, Teuva+358 40 066 3031jukka.muotio@teuvanristeys.com

Form ICH-02-2020-EN – revised on 21/03/2018 – page 18

www.teuvanristeys.com

Yläkaupungin Saunaseura ry (Upper Town Sauna Society NGO)Mr. Ari Rusanen, ChairKärpänkuja 16, FI-40400, Jyväskylä+358 40 047 8960Ari.Rusanen@tieto.comwww.ylakaupunginsauna.fi

5. Inclusion of the element in an inventory

For Criterion R.5, States shall demonstrate that the element is identified and included in an inventory of the intangible cultural heritage present in the territory(ies) of the submitting State(s) Party(ies) in conformity with Articles 11.b and 12 of the Convention.

The inclusion of the nominated element in an inventory should not in any way imply or require that the inventory(ies) should have been completed prior to the nomination. Rather, the submitting State(s) Party(ies) may be in the process of completing or updating one or more inventories, but have already duly included the nominated element in an inventory-in-progress.

Provide the following information:

(i) Name of the inventory(ies) in which the element is included:

Elävän perinnön kansallinen luettelo, National Inventory of Living Heritage

(ii) Name of the office(s), agency(ies), organization(s) or body(ies) responsible for maintaining and updating that (those) inventory(ies), both in the original language and in translation when the original language is not English or French:

Museovirasto – Finnish Heritage Agency

(iii) Reference number(s) and name(s) of the element in the relevant inventory(ies):

Saunominen (FI), Sauna bathing (EN), Bastubad (SV); as yet there are no reference numbers.

(iv) Date of inclusion of the element in the inventory(ies) (this date should precede the submission of this nomination):

23r November 2017 (National Inventory)

(v) Explain how the element was identified and defined, including how information was collected and processed ‘with the participation of communities, groups and relevant non-governmental organizations’ (Article 11.b) for the purpose of inventorying, including reference to the role of the gender of the participants. Additional information may be provided to demonstrate the participation of research institutes and centres of expertise (max. 200 words).

Sauna bathing was included in 2016 as one of the first elements in the Finnish Wiki-inventory for Living Heritage; the inclusion of elements in the Wiki-inventory is the result of a full-fledged bottom-up process, which for this specific element was coordinated by the Finnish Sauna Society.

In 2017 the National Inventory of Living Heritage (of Finland) was created, for which communities can propose elements that already have been included in the Wiki-inventory. When the call for submissions to the National Inventory was launched, information on sauna bathing was reworked and submitted by several sauna associations from all over the country. The submission was processed by the Finnish Heritage Agency and the Advisory Group on

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Intangible Cultural Heritage; the final decision about inclusion was made by the Ministry of Education and Culture in November 2017. Men and women have actively participated in both inventorying processes.

(vi) Explain how the inventory(ies) is(are) regularly updated, including information on the periodicity and modality of updating. The updating process is understood not only as adding new elements but also as revising existing information on the evolving nature of the elements already included therein (Article 12.1 of the Convention) (max. 100 words).

New elements can be added to the Wiki at any time; for the National Inventory new elements can be proposed biannually only. The articles in the Wiki-inventory and the National Inventory need to be updated and revised every three years. Updating is coordinated and supervised by the Finnish Heritage Agency.

(vii) Documentary evidence shall be provided in an annex demonstrating that the nominated element is included in one or more inventories of the intangible cultural heritage present in the territory(ies) of the submitting State(s) Party(ies), as defined in Articles 11.b and 12 of the Convention. Such evidence shall at least include the name of the element, its description, the name(s) of the communities, groups or, if applicable, individuals concerned, their geographic location and the range of the element.

a. If the inventory is available online, provide hyperlinks (URLs) to pages dedicated to the nominated element (max. four hyperlinks in total, to be indicated in the box below). Attach to the nomination print-outs (no more than ten standard A4 sheets) of relevant sections of the content of these links. The information should be translated if the language used is not English or French.

b. If the inventory is not available online, attach exact copies of texts (no more than ten standard A4 sheets) concerning the element included in the inventory. These texts should be translated if the language used is not English or French.

Indicate the materials provided and – if applicable – the relevant hyperlinks:

Link to the national inventory: https://wiki.aineetonkulttuuriperinto.fi/wiki/Elävän_perinnön_kansallinen_luettelo/valitut/en

link to the element in Englishhttps://wiki.aineetonkulttuuriperinto.fi/wiki/Sauna_bathing

6. Documentation

6.a. Appended documentation (mandatory)The documentation listed below is mandatory and will be used in the process of evaluating and examining the nomination. The photographs and the video will also be helpful for activities geared at ensuring the visibility of the element if it is inscribed. Tick the following boxes to confirm that the related items are included with the nomination and that they follow the instructions. Additional materials other than those specified below cannot be accepted and will not be returned.

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documentary evidence of the consent of communities, along with a translation into English or French if the language of the community concerned is other than English or French;

documentary evidence demonstrating that the nominated element is included in an inventory of the intangible cultural heritage present in the territory(ies) of the submitting State(s) Party(ies), as defined in Articles 11 and 12 of the Convention; such evidence shall include a relevant extract of the inventory(ies) in English or in French, as well as in the original language, if different;

ten recent photographs in high definition;

grant(s) of rights corresponding to the photos (Form ICH-07-photo);

edited video (from five to ten minutes), subtitled in one of the languages of the Committee (English or French) if the language utilized is other than English or French;

grant(s) of rights corresponding to the video recording (Form ICH-07-video).

6.b. Principal published references (optional)Submitting States may wish to list, using a standard bibliographic format, the principal published references providing supplementary information on the element, such as books, articles, audiovisual materials or websites. Such published works should not be sent along with the nomination.

Not to exceed one standard page.

Aaland, Mikkel (1978) Sweat. The Illustrated History and Description of the Finnish Sauna, Russian Bania, Islamic Hammam, Japanese Mushi-buro, Mexican Temescal, and American Indian & Eskimo Sweat Lodge. Capra Press.

Arstila, A. (1983) Suomalainen sauna: The Finnish Sauna. Espoo: Weilin & Göös.

Dahlgren, M. & Nurmelin, M. (1998) Sauna, Sisu & Sibelius for businesspeople: a survival guide to Finnish. ISBN 952-9660-18-9. Helsinki: Yrityskirjat Oy.

Eisalo, A. (1956) Effects of the Finnish Sauna on Circulation: Studies on healthy and hypertensive subjects. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. (Dissertation, Medicine and Physiology)

Jokinen E. (1989) Children´s physiological Adjustment to Heat Stress during Finnish Sauna Bath as studied on a climatic Chamber. Turku: University of Turku. (Dissertation, Medicine and Physiology)

Karesoja, M. (1975) Blood Platelet Function and clotting Activity during Finnish Sauna Bath. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. (Dissertation, Medicine and Physiology)

Kauppinen, K. (1989) Sauna and Winter swimming. Winter Swimmers, their Health Status, and physiological Responses to experimental Exposures to Heat, Cold, and alternating Heat and Cold. Helsinki: President Urho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute for Health Promotion Research and University of Helsinki. (Dissertation, Medicine and Physiology)

Konya, Allen & Burger, Alewyn (1973) The International Handbook of Finnish Sauna. Lontoo: The Architectural Press.

Laukkanen, J. A., Laukkanen T., Kunutsor, S. K. (2018) Cardiovascular and Other Health Benefits of   Sauna   Bathing: A Review of the Evidence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 93 (8): 1111-1121. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30077204

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Luurila, O. J. (1980) Arrhytmias and other cardiovascular Responses during Finnish Sauna and Exercise Testing in healthy Men and postmyocardial Infarction Patients. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. (Dissertation, Medicine and Physiology)

Nordskog, Michael (2010) The Opposite of Cold: The Nothwoods Finnish Sauna Tradition. University of Minnesota Press.

Pentikäinen, Juha (ed.) (2001) The Finnish Sauna, the Japanese Furo, the Indian Inipi: Bathing on Three Continents. Helsinki: Building Information.

Pystynen, P. (1961) Effect of the Finnish Sauna Bath on maternal Blood Circulation and Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Toxemia of late Pregnancy. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. (Dissertation, Medicine and Physiology)

Seesmeri, L. (2018) Sauno itsellesi menneisyys. Turku: University of Turku. (Dissertation, Humanistic Science)

Talve, I. (1960) Bastu och torkhus i Nordeuropa. Stockholm: Univeristy of Stockholm. (Dissertation, Humanistic Science)

Harald Teir, Yrjö Collan ja Pirkko Valtakari (ed.) (1976) Sauna Studies. Papers read at the 6. International Sauna Congress in Helsinki on August 15-17, 1974. Helsinki-Vammala.

Vähä-Eskeli, K. (1991) Thermal Stress in Pregnancy. Turku: University of Turku. (Dissertation, Medicine and Physiology)

7. Signature(s) on behalf of the State(s) Party(ies)

The nomination should be signed by the official empowered to do so on behalf of the State Party, together with his or her name, title and the date of submission.

In the case of multinational nominations, the document should contain the name, title and signature of an official of each State Party submitting the nomination.

Name: Sampo Terho

Title: Minister for European Affairs, Culture and Sport

Date:      

Signature:      

Name(s), title(s) and signature(s) of other official(s) (For multinational nominations only)

     

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