ICES Meeting 2011-06-28 Hang Zhou Wang Ping. Content Why History Company standardization & the...

ICES Meeting

2011-06-28 Hang Zhou

Wang Ping

Content

Why History

Company standardization & the Industry Revolution

Earlier activities in associations

National & International activities

Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions

Find out the role the standardization plays in industry

Why History

The reasons of the emergence of standardization, including

Technological reasons

Economic reasons

Social reasons

Historical Study can dig out

An important part in its knowledge system

Content

Why History




Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions

Company standardization and the Industrial Revolution

Emergence of in-company standardization In the mid of 18 Century, the emergence of companies allowed

the Industry Revolution to boom, Modern standardization directly related to companies from the

beginning. Mass production boosted labor division and produced

streamlining in a company. Need for capacity expansion, higher profit and quality and

innovation provided companies the impetus to standardization. In-company standardization serves as the purpose of R&D and

marketing strategy.

Company standardization and the Industrial Revolution

In-company standardization began with uniform dimension and interchangeability of

parts and afterward continued with essential forms of standardization

such as unification, simplification and modularization in product design, processes and manufacturing.

Since the advent of the IT society, interoperability, a new form of standardization, has been proposed in ICT field.

Historically technical innovation and standardization were interweaved together

Military and national defense needs gave an impetus to the defense industry and industrial standardization

Content

Why History




Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions


Problems during the 2nd half of the nineteenth century

the second Industrial Revolution accelerated the industrialization

Products were so sophisticated that a single company could not complete all designing and manufacturing efforts, which inevitably resulted in specialization and production division among companies.

Technical problems appeared among companies, in industrial chain.


The story of Harry J. Skelton (1867~1934) The proposal was not made by an engineer but a

merchant, which means that there was a strong driven force by trade relations among the companies

Early standardization across companies, e.g.: ICE in 1818 IMechE in 1847 ASME in 1881 AIEE, the former IEEE, in 1883; and VDE in 1893


Standardization in market economy contribute to an orderly market and the efficient resource

allocations, became the basis for both the technological and industrial innovations.

Standardization can be explained as real part of ecnomic invisible hand.

Market competition could contribute to disorder in technical terms, which

inevitably causes both economic and social underperformance. They can not be solved only by the companies through free market competitions under the invisible hand.

Content

Why History




Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions


ISO(1946), IEC(1906) & ITU(1865) The establishments of ISO/IEC/ITU mostly were

simultaneous with national ones which made it difficult to draw a clear time boundary between them.

The emergence of the national and international standardization

Around the end of the nineteenth century, international trade expanded at the development of transportation

raw materials and spare parts varied from country to country Some disputes, due to incompatibility among products in

international trade, obviously brought up the needs of national and international standardizations,

OrganizationsFounded

yearCountry

1Engineering Standard Committee (ESC), the predecessor of British Standard Institute (BSI)

1901 UK

2 Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN) 1917 Germany

3 American National Standard Institute (ANSI) 1918United States

4Commission Permanente de Standardisation, a predecessor of Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR)

1918 France

5

The Association belge de Standardisation (ABS) , a predecessor of Belgian Standards Institute (Belgisch Instituut voor Normalisatie/Institut belge de normalisation)

1919 Belgium

6 Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) 1929 Japan

7 Industrial Standard Committee of China 1931 China


year Country

Content

Why History




Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions

Regional activities

The standardization system formed In the twentieth century was comprised of the private,

national, regional and international standardizations. It reflected both the competition and cooperation among

countries and regions in the context of economic globalization.

Regional activities Second half of the twentieth century, CEN founded in

1961, CENELEC in 1973 and ETSI in 1988. Other organizations such as PASC, ACCSQ of ASEAN

were also founded

OrganizationsFounded Year

Region

1 Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN) 1961 Europe

2Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique (CENELEC)

1973 Europe

3European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

1988 Europe

4ASEAN Consultative Committee for Standards and Quality (ACCSQ)

ASEAN Countries

5 Pacific Area Standards Congress (PASC)Pacific Area

6Arab Industrial Development and Mining Organization (AIDMO)

Arab Countries

7 Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT)Pan

American

8African Regional Organization for Standardization (ARSO)

African Regional


year Region

Content

Why History




Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions

WTO/TBT and the Economic Globalization

An important milestone Founded in 1994, the WTO’s aim is to promote the

international trade The descriptions of technical regulations, technical

standards and conformance assessment, general rules and good practices for standardization were all refined in the TBT agreement.

Technical regulations and standards became important rules for international trade.

This strengthened the positions of the ISO/IEC/ITU both for standards development and for their roles in international affairs

Content

Why History




Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions

Binding relationship between the standards and technologies in ICT field

New characteristic of ICT standards Since the advent of the 21st century, some ICT standards have

become totally different from the traditional ones. the interoperability standard signified greatly to the industry in term

of a strategy. standards in the ICT field have a special nature which is closely

related to the technical innovation and the relevant patents. I name it as the binding relationship between standards and

innovative technologies. The externalization of network and positive feedback justified by

network economics enable the ICT standards to greatly influence the industry.

These standards can be therefore called strategic standards.

New characteristic of ICT standards

Market, consumer

InnovationCompetitionInteroperability

Enterprises

Standards

Protocols

Patent

Technology

4 Core elements

Binding relations

Strategic Position

Network externality and positive feedback

Standardization History Project of CNIS

Timelines Institutions and activities Institutional system construction Key standards, literatures Associations International cooperation and exchanges Ancient events Western activities

Four parts Ancient, from Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty Late Qing Dynasty to P.R. China established P.R. China established to present Brief history in western world.

The standardization pattern in China,

Standardization History Project of CNIS

China’s standardization system is similar to eastern countries and third world

Historical track in China

Content

Why History




Regional activities

WTO/TBT

ICT industry

Conclusions

Conclusions

Demands for less skilled labors and labor division by the companies stimulated standardization in the early Industrial Revolution during the second half of the eighteenth century

private standardization organizations emerged due to the industrial development, specialization and product division among companies as well as disputes arose from technically incompatible products in international trade

As an invisible infrastructure for the industrial economy, standards serve as a coordinator for technical issues across the industrial chain.

In the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, both national and international standardization organizations emerged due to the industrial and trade expansions across the countries.

Conclusions

The binding relationship between ICT standards and technical innovation, along with the network externalization and positive feedback in ICT field, enables the ICT technical standards to have a great effect on the industry.

The WTO/TBT agreement has enhanced the position of international standards; governments have paid more attentions to standards than before.

The standardization pattern in China characterizes similarity to eastern countries and third world.

Wang Ping Deputy Chief Engineer, Senior Researcher,

Deputy Executive Governor of Science and Technology Committee,

China National Institute of Standardization(CNIS)

FYI

+86-10-5881 1446

+86-10-5881 1456

1370 122 2041

[email protected]

No.4 Zhichun Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Wang Ping

ICES Meeting2011-06-28, Hang Zhou

ICES Meeting 2011-06-28 Hang Zhou Wang Ping. Content Why History Company standardization & the...

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