Ice Profile Classificationwinterwind.se/2013/download/Ice profile...• ISO 12494 – for RIME –...
Transcript of Ice Profile Classificationwinterwind.se/2013/download/Ice profile...• ISO 12494 – for RIME –...
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Ice Profile ClassificationBased on ISO 12494
Presented by:
Matthew Wadham-Gagnon
2012-02-12
WinterWind 2013
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Co-authors
Dominic Bolduc, TCE, QC, Canada
Bruno Boucher, TCE, QC, Canada
Amélie Camion, Repower Systems Inc, QC, Canada
Jens Petersen, Repower Systems SE, Germany
Hannes Friedrich, Repower Systems SE, Germany
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Content
• Introduction to TCE
• Motivation
• Methodology– Measurement Campaign
– Ice profile classification using ISO 12494
• Example of data for one icing event
• Summary for winter 2011-2012
• Conclusions/Further work
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TCE infrastructure location
Over 900MW in operation
TCE R&D wind farm
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TCE office
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TCE R&D Wind Farm
www.eolien.qc.ca
• Two 2.05 MW RepowerMM92 CCV wind turbines
• Located in Riviere-au-Renard, Québec, Canada
• Icing & complex terrain
• Commissionned in March2010
• Research, developmentand technology transferprojects involvingnorthern climates andcomplex terrain.
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TCE 126m Met Mast
Compliant withCSA-S37-01
(DLC: 40 mm of iceand 57 m/s)
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TCE 126m Met Mast• 5 levels of unheated class 1
anemometers
• 3 levels of heated anemometers
• 2 levels of heated and unheatedwind vanes
• Ceilometer to detect cloudheight
• 4 levels of thermometers
• Hygrometer
1Hz data acquisition in Osisoft PI
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TCE Micro Grid
www.eolien.qc.ca
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TCE Micro Grid
www.eolien.qc.ca
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Infrastructure Topographic Layout
projected
projected
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Objective/MotivationsWhat:• Quantify ice load during different icing events
Why:• To validate and/or improve theoretical ice accretion
models• To correlate with meteorological measurements,
production loss and ice induced vibration• To evaluate the performance of anti-icing and de-icing
technologies
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Ice Measurement Campaign
• Ongoing since October 2011• Intended to continue until at least winter 2013-2014
• Observations during icing events• Remote Cameras• Ice throw• Meteorological and production data
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• Pictures taken from the ground
23 days of observed ice on blades (Winter 2011-2012)
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Observations - Blades
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Observations – Nacelle Weather Mast
• Remote Camera on Nacelle – 5 min intervals
800+ hours of icing on nacelle weather mast (Winter 2011-2012)
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Ice throw
• Shape, size, weight, distance from tower
• 150+ fragments of ice from blades collected to date
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Estimating Ice Load using ISO 12494
• ISO 12494 – for RIME– Ice Class (IC) for Rime (R) scale 1 to 10 according to kg/m of ice on
structure, shape and dimensions of ice varies depending onstructure size and shape
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Estimating Ice Load using ISO 12494
• ISO 12494 – for GLAZE (Freezing Rain)– Ice Class (IC) for Glaze (G) scale 1 to 6 according to ice thickness
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Nacelle Weather Mast Load Classification
• Weather mast ice load estimation– “D” measured,– “L” estimated, higher error but more data
D
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Blade Ice Load Classification
• Blade ice load estimation– “L” measured– “D” estimated– Limited amount of pictures covering the duration of an icing event.
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Ice throw Load Classification
• Used to validate blade ice load– More accurate measurement– Precise time of ice shed unknown
D
L
W’h W
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Ice Class Rime 1 (ICR1) – 0 to 0.5 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 2 (ICR2) – 0.5 to 0.9 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 3 (ICR3) – 0.9 to 1.6 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 4 (ICR4) – 1.6 to 2.8 kg/m
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Ice Class Rime 5 (ICR5) – 2.8 to 5.0 kg/m
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Example Icing Event
• April 21 to 23, 2012• Rime, ICR3 to ICR5
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Meteorological Icing (Ice Sensor)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Met. Icing (ice sensor)
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Met. Icing (Cloud Height & Temp.)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-6-4-202468
101214
Tem
p(o
C)
WEC1 Temp MMV2 78m T MMV2 11m Min CH
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T)
CH (m
)
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Instrumental Icing (WEC unheated anemo)
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)
0
5
10
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WS
(m/s
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WS1 WS2
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Instr. Icing (MMV2 126m unheat anemo)
05
101520253035
WS
(m/s
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MMV2 126m U MMV2 126m H
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)
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Instr. Icing (MMV2 80m unheat anemo)
05
101520253035
WS
(m/s
)
MMV2 80m U MMV2 80m H
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)
Instr. Icing (126m) Instr. Icing (78m)
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Instr. Icing (MMV2 34m unheat anemo)
05
101520253035
WS
(m/s
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MMV2 34m U MMV2 34m H
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)
Instr. Icing (126m) Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m)
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WEC1 Production Loss
0
500
1000
1500
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3000
Pow
er (k
W)
Power CPC
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)
Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m) Prod. Loss (WEC1)
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Production Loss (WEC2)
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500
1000
1500
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Pow
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W)
Power CPC
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)
Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m) Prod. Loss (WEC1) Prod. Loss (WEC2)
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Nacelle Weather Mast Ice Load
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ICR
Met mast
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2)Instr. Icing (126m) Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m)Prod. Loss (WEC1) Prod. Loss (WEC2) Nacelle WM
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Blade Ice Load
0
1
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ICR
Iced Blade Met mast
Met. Icing (ice sensor) Met. Icing (CH & T) Instr. Icing (WEC2) Instr. Icing (126m)Instr. Icing (78m) Instr. Icing (34m) Prod. Loss (WEC1) Prod. Loss (WEC2)Nacelle WM Observ.
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Example Icing Event
• April 21 to 23, 2012• Rime, ICR3 to ICR5
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Power Curve
• Production loss during april 20-23 icing event
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500
1000
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2500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Pow
er (k
W)
WS (m/s)
Icing Event Data
GPCNon-iced Production
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Power Curve
• Power curve estimations based on ice classification andproduction losses of all icing events in Winter 2011-2012
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Pow
er (k
W)
WS (m/s)
GPC
ICR2&3
ICR4&5
Non-iced Prod.
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Nacelle Weather Mast Load Classification
• Weather mast occurrence of icing severity over the courseof the winter
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Winter 2011-2012 in numbers
Meteorological Icing ~200 hoursInstrumental Icing ~400 hoursNacelle WM icing 800+ hoursIce observed on blades 23 daysProduction Loss ~140 hoursProduction Loss (% AEP) ~1.5%Hours of ICR2&3 ~300 hoursHours of ICR4&5 ~100 hoursHours of Glaze ~100 hours
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Conclusions
• Improved understanding of the severity of icing events
• Measurement Campaign database can be used to validatesimulation models (e.g. weather, ice accretion)
• Methodology can be applied to assessing performance of iceprotection technologies
• Nacelle weather mast ice severity correlates to blade icingseverity
• Duration of weather mast icing generally much longer thanblade icing
• How to make measurement of icing severity on blades couldbe more accurate and more frequent?
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Checker board tape
• In order to get a better estimation of blade ice load andposition along span of blade
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Hub Camera
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Ongoing – Automation of Image Analysis
ICR= 5
In Collaboration with:
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References
IEA Wind Task 19, Expert Group Study on Recommended Practices: 13. Wind Energy Projects in ColdClimates, 1. Edition 2011
ISO 12494:2001, Atmospehiric Icing of Structures, International Organisation for Standardization, 2001
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Thank you, Tack, Danke, Merci!
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Matthew Wadham-Gagnon, eng, M.engProject [email protected]
70, rue Bolduc, Gaspé (Québec) G4X 1G2Canada
Tél. : +1 418 368-6162