Ir. TRI TJAHJONO, MT/INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

INTRODUCTION

1. HEAT ENGINE (MESIN KALOR)

A heat engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of fuel into thermal

energy and uses this energy to produce mechanical work. Heat engine are divided into two

broad classes (2 kelompok besar):

(a) External combustion engines, and

(b) Internal combustion engines.

External combustion engines :

The product of combustion of air and fuel transfer heat to second fluid which is the working

fluid of the cycle.

Example:

Steam Turbine

Steam Engine:

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STEAM TURBINE

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Gas Turbine:

Internal combustion engines :

2. CLASSIFICATION:

Classification of heat engines

IC engine classification

The IC engine can be classified on the basis of cycle operation in cylinder, type of ignition,

etc.

On the basis of cycle operation:

1. Otto cycle engines (spark-ignition or SI engines), and Diesel cycle engines

(compression ignition or CI engines).

2. Four-strokes engines and two-stroke engines (both SI and CI engines)

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Further classification of spark-ignition engines:

(a) On the basis of fuel used: Gas engines and petrol engines.

(b) On the basis of method of supply of fuel:

1. Carbureted types:

Fuel supplied through carburetor.

2. Injection type:

(ii) Fuel injected into inlet ports or inlet manifold.

(iii) Fuel injected into the cylinders before ignition.

(c) On the basis of method of ignition: Battery ignition and magneto-ignition.

Further classification of compression-ignition engines:

(i) Normally type, using liquid fuel, i.e. light diesel oil (LDO), high speed diesel oil

(HSD), heavy oil

(ii) Dual-fuel type, using liquid fuel for ignition, with supplementary gaseous fuel,

either injected or carbureted.

3. PART OF ENGINE:

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Cylinder volume, V

Clearance volume, Vc

Stroke volume, VS

Top dead center, TDC

Bottom dead center, BDCConnecting rod

Crank

Check ANIMASI

Crank case

Cylinder

Crank pin

Gudgeon or wrist pin

Piston

Suction valve Exhaust valveIntake of suction manifold

Cylinder head

Exhaust manifold

Crank shaft

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Cylinder volume (V).

The sum of piston swept volume and clearance volume.

Compression ratio (CR or r).

The numerical value of the cylinder volume is divided by the numerical value of the

combustion space volume.

Comparison of four-stroke and two-stroke cycle engines

Comparison of SI and CI engines

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SI Engine Classification by Valve Location

Basic Type of Arrangements

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