ICAR - CIPHET · researchable issues are identified, strategies drawn and programmes indicated to...

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INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

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CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF POST HARVESTENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

P.O. PAU, LUDHIANA- 141 004

Tel. : 91-161-2308669 Fax : 91-161-2308670Email: [email protected] Website : http://www.ciphet.in

INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

ICAR

Hkkd̀ vuqi

Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology

P.O. PAU, LUDHIANA - 141 004

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91-161-2308669

CIPHET, Ludhiana

91-161-2308670

[email protected]

http://www.ciphet.in

Published by

Dr. R.T. Patil

Director

Compiled and edited by

Dr. S. K. Nanda

Dr. K. K. Singh

Dr. M. Prasad

Dr. R.K. Goyal

Dr. Vinod K. Bhargav

Citation

Vision 2025 - CIPHET Perspective PlanCentral Institute of Post HarvestEngineering and Technology

P.O. PAU, LUDHIANA - 141 004

August 2007

Printed at :

Printing Service Company

3801/1, Pritam Nagar,

Model Town, Ludhiana - 141 001

Ph. : 0161-2410896, 5019368

Email : [email protected]

EXECUTIVESUMMARY i-iv

1. Preamble 1

1.1. Mission 3 1.2 Vision 3

2. Mandate 4

3. Growth 4

3.1. Infrastructure 4 3.2. Budget 9 3.3. Humanresource 9

4. Salientresearchachievement 11

4.1. Researchanddevelopment 11 4.2 Technologyandpatents 17

5. Impactassessmentandlessonlearnt 19

5.1. Impactassessment 19 5.2. Lessonlearnt 19

6. ScenarioandSWOTAnalysis 20

6.1. Scenario:Currentandfuture 20 6.2. SWOTanalysis 24

7. Perspective 26

8. Issuesandstrategies 27

9. Programmeandprojects 27

10. AICRPonPostHarvestTechnology 39

11. AICRPonApplicationofPlasticsinAgriculture 48

12. Linkages,coordinationandexecutionarrangements 52

13. Criticalinputs 54

13.1 Funds 54 13.2 Personnel 54 13.3. Humanresourcedevelopment 55

14. Riskanalysis 57

15. Projectsreview,reportingandevaluationarrangement 57

16. Resourcegeneration 58

17. Output 60

18. Outcome 60

19. Concludingremarks 61

TABLES OF CONTENTS

Indianagriculturemustcontinuouslyevolve to remainever responsive tomanage the change and to meet the growing and diversified needs of different stakeholders in the entire production to consumption chain. In order tocapitalizeontheopportunitiesandtoconvertweaknessesintoopportunities,weattheICARattemptedtovisualizeanalternateagriculturalscenariofrompresenttotwentyyearshence.Inthisendeavour,anin-depthanalysisoftheStrengths,Weaknesses,OpportunitiesandThreats(SWOT)wasundertakentoplaceourresearchandtechnologydevelopmenteffortsinperspectivesothatwesucceedinourpursuitofdoingbetterthanthebest.Accordingly,the

researchable issues are identified, strategies drawn and programmes indicated to have commensurate projectsandrelevantactivitiescoincidingwiththelaunchofthe11thFiveYearPlan.

Inadequateprocessingandvalueadditionhasbeenresultingintoseverepostharvestlossesandreducedincomeandemploymentinfarmandruralsector.Atpresent,onlyabout40%oftheagriculturalproduceiscommerciallyprocessedandthenetvalueadditionisapaltry12%.ThepresentshareofprocessedproductsinIndiandietisabout15%anditislikelytoriseto40%by2025onaccountofchanginglifestyles,changingdemographyatworkplaceandreducedtimeavailableforcooking.ThegroundrealitiesofIndianfarmsectorandthehugeuntappedpotentialbringtheroleofCentralInstituteofPostHarvestEngineeringandTechnologyintofocus.Thevisionof theinstitute is to integrateagriculturalproductioncatchmentswithprocessingandmarketingsoastoreducepostharvestlosses,permit value addition, develop diversified products and utilize agro-residues through structured R&D programmesincludingfoodsafetyandquality,intelligentpackagingandstorageandnovelproductdevelopmentusingadvancedextrusionandnon-thermalprocessingtechniquesforcomprehensiveandsustainedeconomicdevelopmentalongwithenvironmentsecurityandsocialequity.Applicationofbiotechnologyandnanotechnologyforconversionofagriculturalproduceintovalueaddedproductsisbeingsoughttoimpartnoveltraits,costcompetitivenessandqualityattributes.

It isexpectedthatrealizationoftheVisionembodiedinthedocumentwouldensurethattheCIPHET, Ludhiana continues to fulfill its mandate and make Indian agriculture locally, regionally andgloballycompetitive.TheeffortsandvaluableinputsprovidedbymycolleaguesattheICARHeadquarters and by the Director and his team at the institute level for over an year to develop Vision 2025deserveappreciation.Itishopedthattheimplementationoftheprogrammesmentionedinthedocumentwillgoalongwaytostrengthenagriculturesectorinthecountry.

(MANgALA RAi) Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research & Education and Director general,IndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi - 110 001, IndiaFebruary2007

Indianagriculturecontributesonly1/4th of GDP while it sustains 2/3rdofthepopulationandcontinuestodetermine thegrowthrateofnationaleconomy.Agriculturalproduction is increasingfaster than thepopulationandconsequentlyincreasingthemarketsurplusandmorepressureonpostharvesttechnologiesparticularly for perishables. Further, inadequate storage, transport, handling andprocessinghas led tounacceptablelevelofwastageandvalueloss.Themagnitudesoftheselossesareashighasupto30%incaseoffruitsandvegetables.Valueadditionistheeasiestwaytoreducetheselosses,however,thevalueadditioninthefruitsandvegetablesisonly2%.Thesmallscaleandunorganizedsectorwhichcontributesabout 70% of the processing and where the employment lies, suffers from low efficiency due to lack of efficient PH Technologies and value addition processes.

TheCentralInstituteofPostHarvestEngineeringandTechnology(CIPHET)wasestablishedintheyear1989underaegisofICAR.MandateoftheInstituteistodeveloptechnologiesforreductioninpostharvest losses to farm produce including livestock and fisheries. It is also one of the objective to adopt, developandpromotetechnologiesforvalueadditiontoagriculturalproducefordomesticuseandexport.Institutehasdevelopedagoodnumberoftechnologiesforreductionofpostharvestlossesaswellasvalueadditiontoagri-horti-aquaproduce.Instituteiscreditedwith25patents/patentapplications.

During the last decade the global food processing scenario has undergone rapid changes due to free tradepolicythatoffersbothglobalopportunitiesformarketaccessandalsochallenges.Ourcountryhasfoodprocessing industries inorganisedaswell as inunorganised sectorwhich facilitateprocessingofagriculturalproduceinproductioncatchments.Wehavetogearupthisactivitytoenchanceemploymentandincomegenerationinruralareasthroughprocessingandvalueadditiontorawproduce.

TheVision2025documentofCIPHETgivesstatus,growth,importantlandmarks,SWOTanalysis;activitiesandprogrammesproposedtobetakenupinfuturetomeetthechallengesvisualized.Thevisiondocumenthighlightsthefuturethrustareasandtheirimplementationstrategies.Thevisiondocumentwillbeperiodicallyrevised,updatedandtherefore,itishopedtohavefeedbackfromtheresearchers,policymarkers,processorsandpeersofprofession.Wehopethatthisdocumentwillhelpinacceleratingtheresearchand development activity in the field of post harvest and value addition in National Agricultural Research SystemtoaccomplishsuccessfullythecherishedgoalofbringingevergreenrevolutioninIndia.

I acknowledge with thanks the valuable suggestions and guidance from Dr. Mangala Rai, Secretary, DARE & Director General, ICAR, Dr. Nawab Ali, DDG (Engg) and Dr. Pitam Chandra ADG (PE) in developing this document. The help rendered by Drs. S.K. Nanda, K. K. Singh, M. Prasad, R. K. Goyal and V. K. Bhargav and other colleagues at CIPHET in preparation of this document is highly appreciated. TechnicalassistancerenderedbySh.GurdeepSinghincompilationofthisdocumentisacknowledged.

(R.T.Patil)Ludhiana DirectorAugust2007

PREFACE

VISION - 2025 - CIPHET PERSPECTIVE PLAN

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Thegrowingconcernfornutritionalandfoodsecurityandgreateremphasisonconsumerneedsaswellastoughcompetitionfromothercountrieshasopenedahostofchallengesandopportunitiesaswellasthenecessaryincentivestofarmersandproducerswithhugepotentialforprocessingandvalueadditionofagroproduceforcreationofadditionalincometothefarmfamiliesandavenuesforemploymentgeneration.Besidesproducinghighqualityrawmaterialforthetableconsumptionandsomeprocessing(only2%ofthehorticulturalproduceisbeingprocessedascomparedtomorethan80% inPhilippinesandMalaysia fordomesticconsumptionaswell as forexport, the fullpotentialofIndianagriculturecannotberealizedunlessIndiaemergesasamajorplayerintheworldagriculture. The crops produced in India are not only diverse but they possess unique aroma flavour and taste along with many therapeutic benefits. The sensitization of farmers/producers is therefore necessaryabout the importanceofquality, reductionofcostatevery level throughreduction inlosses,appreciationofgoodfarmingpracticeandneedforunderstandingandobservationofcodesandstandardsformaintaininghighqualityofrawproducesoessentialforstorage,furtherprocessingandpackaging.Inordertoprovidecontinuedresearchanddevelopmentsupporttoagriculturalsectorwithrespectofengineeringandtechnologyinputs.CIPHETwasestablishedon29th December 1989 with vision “Higher profitability of agricultural production systems ensuring better income to farmers and increased employment opportunities in rural sector through efficient post harvest engineering andtechnologicalinterventionsforlossreductionandvalueadditiontoagriculturalproduceandbyproductsresultinginhighqualityandsafefoodandfeedatcompetitivepricesfordomesticandexportmarkets”andmission“Creatingprosperitythroughminimizationofpostharvestlossesfrom15%to5%andincreaseinvalueadditionfrompresentlevelof10%to30%toproduceandby-products from crops, horticulture, livestock and fisheries sectors”. CIPHET has to ensure national priorities,andprovideinfrastructureforbasicandappliedresearchandcoordinatingtheactivitiesinrespectiveareasandperformadvisoryrolesonpolicyissues.CIPHEThasbeendevelopingcosteffectivetechnologiesforvariouspostharvestoperationsandpromotingentrepreneurshipandisexpectedtosupportpost-harvestledagriculture.

Withgreaterawarenessamongtheconsumersforsafetyaswellasnutritionalqualityoffoods,thereistremendousscopeofmodernizingexistingpost-harvestoperationsofvariousagro-produce.Thereisaneedtoimproveanddevelopprimary,secondaryandtertiaryprocessingtechniquesforfurthervalueadditionforbetterincomeatalllevels.Thedemandforappropriatepost-harvest/agro-processingmachineryisincreasingatafastrate.Similarly,thedemandforprocessedandconveniencefoodislikelytoincreasemorebothinthedomesticandexportmarkets.Alsotomeetthechallengesposedbyhigherproductionandproductivity,thereisanurgentneedfordevelopmentofappropriatetechnologiesforlossprevention,handling,storage,valueaddition,packaging,transportationandmarketingof various agricultural produce andproducts includingby-products and residues fordomestic and international markets. Higher production has resulted in the need of mechanizing Krishi

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EXECUTiVE SUMMARY


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ERVISION - 2025 - CIPHET PERSPECTIVE PLAN

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UpajMandiswithprovisionofhandling,cleaning,grading,temporarystorageaswellasprimaryprocessing of food grains (cleaning, grading & scientific storage) as well as fruits and vegetables (coldchainandminimalprocessing.Thebasicandappliedresearchonmodernstoragefacilitiesforfoodgrains(withcomputermodelsandexpertsystembasedapproachforaeration)andfreezing/pre-coolingaswellasMAandCAstorageofvalueaddedandminimallyprocessedperishablesusingnanotechnologywillbeneeded.Thedemandforconvenientandreadytocook,readytoeatfoodswithhighernutritionalandfoodsafetystandardsissteadilyincreasing.Hencemodernprocessingtechniqueslikeextrusion,highpressureprocessing,microwavethermalprocessingneedtobeadoptedforprocessingofconventionalaswellasinternationallylikedproductsfromourcropwealth.Thisdemands greater thrust in post harvest technology of grains, fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, animal, fish productsandproductsofothercommercialcrops.

With continued shift in agriculture towards commercialization, diversification and agri-business,substantiallandareaisexpectedtogetoccupiedbyhighvaluecommercialcropssuchasmedicinalaromaticplantsandfruitslikeamla,jamun,bel,etc.Theirpresentdayuseismostlyinpharmaceuticals.Howeveritsvalueadditionthroughconventionalandmodernfood(nutraceuticalandtherapeuticfruitsbasedonwholegrainconcept)needstobedevelopedtomakethecropproductionsustainable and profitable for long times to come. For increasing productivity of these high value crops,coveredcropscultivationshouldbeadoptedonlargescaleanditcallsfordevelopmentofcosteffectivegreenhousesandcontrolofenvironmentinsuchstructures.Forgreaterattentiontothisimportant commodity CIPHET has proposed to establish Division of Commercial Crops Processing .

Forhigherproductionofmilk,eggsandqualitymeatproducts,designofanimalandpoultryshelters, fishponds, slaughterhouses, etc. need to be improved on scientific lines. In this context, R&D efforts for feed and fodder management are also expected to assume greater importance. Thoughconsumptionofpoultry,meetandmilkproductsissubstantialinthecountry,useofmoderntechniquesfortheirprocessingandvalueadditionarenotpracticed.Itisthereforeessentialthatprocessingtechniquesandqualityevaluationgadgetsaswellasmachinerytomodernize,slaughterandmeatextractionsuitableforadoptionunderIndianSocioEconomicconditionbedeveloped.HenceCIPHET has proposed to establish a Division of Livestock Products Processing Technology.

Thefoodprocessingindustriesarehighlyenergyintensiveaswellastheyinvolveoperationslikedrying,blanching,pasteurizationandcooking.Hencegreateremphasisisneededonutilizationofrenewablesourcesofenergyforagro-processingoperations.CIPHETwouldincludethisaspectin its R&D programmes. Developing/adoption of energy efficient processes and techniques for cogenerationofenergyfromprocessingwastethroughenzymaticfermentationorcatalyticconversionwillbeneeded.

Primaryprocessingofvariousagro-horticulturalproducewillcontinuetogetpriorityinourfutureprogrammesduetoitspotentialofreducingpostproductionlossesandgeneratingadditionalincomeandemploymentatrurallevel.CIPHETwillalsopaydueattentiontoeffectivetechnologytransfer throughproduction and supplyof prototypes, settingupof pilot plants, customhiring,

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consultancy services and training.Modern seedprocessingplant, agro-processing centre, agro-processing industrialpark, informationandcommunicationcentreproposed tobeestablishedatCIPHETareexpectedtobeeffectivetoolsfortechnologytransfer.Properlinkageswillhavetobedeveloped with other national and international R&D institutions, KVKs, SAUs, Industries, NGOs, etc. for effective R&D and technology transfer.

With reference to above perspectives, CIPHET has identified following thrust areas.

Postharvesttechnologiesforlossreduction

Valueadditiontechnologies

Technology transfer,entrepreneurshipdevelopment, trainingandcapacitybuilding throughmarketintelligence

ByproductutilizationandWastemanagement

Improvementofagriculturalstructures

BiotechnologyinPHTsector

Environmentcontrolforhigherproductivity

Livestockproduceprocessing

Toachievethegoalssetoutinabovethrustareas,CIPHETinassociationwithtwoAICRPswould undertake following major R&D programmes:

1. Constant assessment and minimization of post harvest losses in food grains, oilseeds,horticultural crops, livestock and fish during harvesting, handling, storage, transport through upgradingexistingpracticesandadoptingmoderntechnique.

2. Modernization of dhal milling and oil expelling industries for higher recovery & better product andbyproduct.

3. Modernizationoftraditionalfoodprocessing,packagingandimprovementinproductshelflife.

4. Novel technologies for processing and utilization of vegetable protein and their byproducts.

5. Modernizationofjaggeryandkhandsariindustryanddevelopmentofvalueaddedproductsforincreaseddomesticconsumptionandexport.

6. Development of prototypes/technologies/equipment for processing of medicinal and aromatic plants.

7. Develop suitable technologies for genetically architectured produce for their processing and preservation.

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8. Effective and economicalmethod for processing and utilization of crops residues, agro-processingbyproductsandwastesforfood,feed,fuel,conversionintoproductsofindustrialandpharmaceuticalimportance.

9. Development of appropriate agricultural structures and environment control system for plants, aquaandlivestock.

10. Evaporativelycooled,MAPandCAstorageandpackagingforperishableproductsforincreasedshelflife.

11. Development of functional & health food.

12. Application of modern non-destructive technologies such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), computertomography,magneticresonance,imaging,computervision,imageprocessingforprecisionqualitysortingandgradingofagriculturalandfoodproductforeffectivepostharvestmanagementandprocessing.

13. Development of technologies and pilot plants for production of biofuel and industrial chemicals fromagriculturalbiomassthroughenzymaticconversionprocess.

14. Development of processes and processing equipment and pilot plants for value addition, income and employment generation from food crops, livestock and fishery.

15. Development of protocols and equipment for bio-technological engineering application e.g. enzyme,fermentationtechnologiesforprocessingandproductdevelopment.

16. Development of non-thermal process such as irradiation, electric pulse and high pressure for safeprocessingandstorageoffoodproduce.

17. Studiesonthermalandmicrowaveprocessingforproductdevelopmentandstorageoffoodproducts.

18. Development of novel value added products using extrusion-processing technology from agricultural,horticultural,aquaculturalandlivestockbasedrawmaterials.

19. Applicationofnanotechnologiesinprocessingandpreservationofvalueaddedproducts.

20. Multiplication of proven prototypes, establishment of pilot plants, Front Line Demonstrations andentrepreneurshipdevelopmentinpostharvesttechnology.

21. Qualitytestingofprocessedproducts,developmentofprotocolsforGoodAgriculturalPractices(GAP),GoodHygienePractices (GHP),GoodManufacturingPractices (GMP) andGoodProcessingPractices(GPP),HazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPoints(HACCP)andLossanalysisandCriticalControlPoints(LACCP).

Tomeet theproposedchallengein thepostharvest technologysector,asumofRs.48817lakhsupto2025underPlanbudgetwouldberequiredwithadditionalmanpowerof38scientistsindifferentcategories.

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ER1. Preamble Thegrowingconcernfornutritionalandfoodsecurityandgreateremphasisonconsumerneedsaswellastoughcompetitionfromothercountrieshasopenedahostofchallengesandopportunitiesaswellasthenecessaryincentivestofarmersandproducerswithhugepotentialforprocessingandvalueadditionofagroproduceforcreationofadditionalincometothefarmfamiliesandavenuesforemploymentgeneration.Alargenumberofunemployedyouthintheruralareascouldbeinducedto take up these simple, low cost yet profitable agro-processing activities, which have the potential tokeepthemtiedwiththeirrootsasagainsttheconstantmigrationofruralyouthtotheurbanareasinsearchofemploymenthavingfrightfulconsequences.Secondly,theboostintheagroprocessingactivitieswillalsoprovidemomentumtothecreationofinfrastructureforhandling,transportandmarketing.Thevalueadditionoffers1.8direct jobsand6.4 indirect jobs foreachRs.10 lakhsinvested.Generallyprivatesectorwaitsfortheopportunitiestobecreatedandwhenthathappens,it finds it attractive enough to enter into the area. The talk of industrialization of rural areas will continuetobeamerewishuntilthebasicnecessitiesrequiredforestablishmentofmicroandsmallenterprises(whichcouldpavethewayforattractingcorporatesectortoshowtheirpresenceinasustained manner) for earning profit are met. Otherwise we shall witness only industrialization in rural areas rather than of rural areas. The role of R&D institutions, government agencies, financial institutions, peoples organizations andother as facilitators and change agents has becomeverycrucial,butitcouldbetrulyeffectiveonlywhenmostoftheplayersactinacoordinatedmanner.

Besidesproducinghighqualityrawmaterialforthetableconsumptionandsomeprocessing(only2%ofthehorticulturalproduceisbeingprocessedascomparedtomorethan80%inPhilippinesandMalaysia)fordomesticconsumptionaswellasforexport,thefullpotentialofIndianagriculturecannotberealizedunlessIndiaemergesasamajorplayerintheworldagriculture.Presently,theIndianshareinglobalagriculturaltradeisverysmall.MostoftheproduceexportedfromIndiaisraw(exceptBasmatirice,somespicesandcashew)andonlylatelytheprocessedfoodhasstartedtobeexported.Increasingly,theemphasiswillhavetobeontheexportofprocessedfood,whichhasan excellent advantage of longer shelf life and greater margin of profit. This will entail thorough understandingoftheglobalagriculturalscenarioundertheprevailingliberalizedtradeundertheWTOAgreementwithattendantimplicationsofstiffcompetition,strictimplementationofcodesandstandardsandthecomparativeandcompetitiveadvantageofselectedcommoditiesinwhichwehavestrength.TheagriculturalcropsproducedinIndiaarenotonlydiversebuttheypossessunique aroma, flavour and taste along with many theurapetic benefits. The sensitization of farmers/producers is thereforeessentialabout theimportanceofquality,reductionofcostateverylevelthroughreductioninlosses,appreciationofgoodfarmingpracticeandothersuchrelatedissuesandofcoursetheneedforunderstandingandobservationofcodesandstandardsformaintaininghighqualityofrawproducesoessentialforstorage,furtherprocessingandpackagingandexport.

Indiaproducesaround91million tonnesof rice accounting for around22%ofworld riceproduction.Wheataccountsforaround30%ofthetotalcerealproductionintheworld.Themajor

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producersofwheatareChina,theformerUSSRandUSAfollowedbyIndia.Thetotalworldtradeinwheatisestimatedtobearound90milliontonnesaccountingforabout50%oftotalcerealstradedintheworld.India’sshareintheinternationaltradeofwheatisnegligible.VeryrecentlythelocalwheatgrowninIndiahasattractedinternationalbuyersfortheiruniquequalityandprocessability.Thetotalworldmaizeproductionisaround530milliontonnesofwhichUSAaloneaccountsforabout45%.Indiaproducesaround10milliontonnesofmaizeinayear. Outofthetotalmaizeproductionofaround10milliontonnesinIndia,about4milliontonnesisusedasanimalfeed,about5milliontonnesisdrymilledand1milliontonnesiswetmilled.Theimportantmajorproductsofwetmillingarestarch,glutenandalargenumberofstarchderivatives.Worldovermaizeisusedforreadytoeatvalueaddedproductsduetoverygoodfunctionalproperties.ThesetechnologiesneedtobeadoptedforIndiangrownmaizeasthemarketforreadytoeatfoodsisincreasingveryfast.

Thelossesoffoodgrainsduetoimproperhandlingandstorageisashighas10%inIndia.Morethan6%ofriceislostduetopoorstoragedesignandpractices.Gradualshifttoimprovedstoragemethods using scientifically designed containers is evident. The bulk storage facilities existing in India areinadequatetomeettheincreasingstoragerequirementsduetorisingproductionoffoodgrains.Significant losses are recorded during transportation of food grains due to improper stitching of bags, multiplehandling,usageofhooksandpilferage.Inthedevelopedcountries,theentiretransportation,handlingandstoragesystemhasbeenhighlymechanized.Thegrainsaretransportedinspeciallydesignedboxcarsinbulkquantitiesinthedevelopedcountriesandmanualhandlingisminimized.Thisresultsinverylowspillagelosses.Suchmechanizedhandling,loadingandunloadingdevicessuitableforIndiaareneedtodeveloped.

InIndiaabout66%ofriceismilledinhullers,whiletheremaininginshellersandmodernrice mills. There has been a five-fold increase in modern rice mills over the last two decades. While about 80% of wheat is milled in ‘atta chakkis’ (indigenous mills), around 20% is done in roller flour mills. There has been a three-fold increase in roller flour mill capacity since 1971. Bulk of maize (50%)isdrymilledinsmallquantitiesfordirectconsumption.About10%iswetmilledtoobtainstarchanditsderivatives,oilandcattlefeed,therestisusedasfodder.Almosttheentirequantityofsorghumisdrymilledfordirectconsumption.Around10%orriceisprocessedintotraditionalproducts like popped rice, flaked rice etc. in the cottage industry. Wheat flour is processed mainly intobreadandbiscuitsandtoasmallextenttopastaproducts.Thisindicatestremendousscopeforprocessingandvalueadditionintonovelproductsfromthesegrains.

Indiahasbeenexportingaround500,000tonnesofBasmatiriceandaround300,000tonnesofwhitericeaccountingforlessthan5%oftheglobaltrade.Verysmallquantitiesofwheatandmaize are currently exported. Rice exported from India is mainly for its unique flavour and grain quality.Similaristhecasewithmanyofitsagroproduce.Hence,ifproperlyprocessedandpackedforexporttheywilleasilyearnpremiumpriceinworldmarket.

Indiawithitscurrentproductionofaround45milliontonnesaccountsforabout8%oftheworld’sfruitproduction.AlthoughIndiaisthesecondlargestproduceroffruitsintheworld,thepercapitaisonlyabout100gperdayduetoitsbulgingpopulation.However,itisestimatedthatmore

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than25-40%ofthetotalproductionoffruitsislostduetospoilageatvariouspostharveststages,thusthepercapitaavailabilityoffruitsisfurtherreducedtoaround80gperdaywhichisalmosthalftherequirementsforabalanceddiet.ThefruitproductioninIndiahasrecordedagrowthrateof3.9%,whereasthefruitprocessingsectorhasgrownatabout20%perannum.Thegrowthrateshavebeen extensively higher for frozen fruits & vegetables (12.1%) and dehydrated fruits & vegetables (24%).Thereexistover4000fruitprocessingunitsinIndiawithanaggregatecapacityofmorethan1.2milliontonnes(lessthan4%oftotalfruitsproduced).Itisestimatedthataround20%oftheproductionofprocessedfruitsismeantforexports,therestcaterstothedefense,institutionalsectorsandhouseholdconsumption.

India is the second largest producer of vegetables in theworld (ranksnext toChina) andaccountsfor11%oftheworld’sproductionofvegetables.Thecurrentproductionlevelisover85milliontonnesandthetotalareaundervegetablecultivationisaround6.2millionhectares,whichisabout3%ofthetotalareaundercultivationinthecountry.Itisestimatedthataround20-25%ofthetotalvegetablesislostduetopoorpostharvestpractices.Lessthat2%ofthetotalvegetablesproducedinthecountryiscommerciallyprocessedascomparedto70%inBraziland65%inUSA.Indiaexported429,798tonnesofprocessedvegetablesworthRs.11.3billionin2002-03.

India is host to many unique fruits and vegetables having unique aroma, taste and flavour and nutritional properties and health benefits. Many ethnic fruits like guava, anola are rich in vitamin C. Thefruitslikebel,jamun,Lehberries(highattitude)haveuniqueabilitytocontrolchronicdiseasesofmoderndaycauseddue to junkand imbalancedfood.ThesefruitsandvegetablesaswellasmedicinalandaromaticplantswhichareuniquetoIndiawillberequiredbyrestoftheworld.Hencetogetthehighestreturnfromthispreciousagro-wealth,modernfoodprocessingtechniquesanddevelopingnovelvalueaddedproductswillbeessentialtokeepupthecompetitiveedgeoverothercountriesinourregion.

Inordertoprovidecontinuedresearchanddevelopmentsupporttoagriculturalsectorwithrespectofengineeringandtechnologyinputs,continuoussupportandstrengtheningofCIPHETisessential.CIPHEThasbeendevelopingcosteffectivetechnologiesforvariouspostharvestoperationsandpromotingentrepreneurshipandisexpectedtosupportpost-harvestledagricultureinthecountry.CIPHETwouldalsoensureidentifyingnationalpriorities,andprovideinfrastructureforbasicandappliedresearchandcoordinatetheactivitiesinrespectiveareasandalsoperformadvisoryrolesonpolicyissues.

1.1. Mission

Creatingprosperitythroughminimizationofpostharvestlossesfrom15%to5%andincreaseinvalueadditionfrompresentlevelof10%to30%toproduceandby-productsfromcrops,horticulture,livestock and fisheries sectors.

1.2. Vision

Higher profitability of agricultural production systems ensuring better income to farmers

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and increased employment opportunities in rural sector through efficient post harvest engineering andtechnologicalinterventionsforlossreductionandvalueadditiontoagriculturalproduceandbyproductsresultinginhighqualityandsafefoodandfeedatcompetitivepricesfordomesticandexportmarkets.

2. MandateToundertakebasic,applied,strategicandadaptiveengineeringandtechnologyresearch in

postproductionsectorofproduceofplantorigin,livestockandaquacultureproduceincludingagriculturestructuresandenvironmentalcontrol,qualityandsafety.

To act as national institute for research, education/teaching and training in post harvestengineeringandtechnology.

Toactasnationalrepositoryofinformationonprocesses,equipment,productsandtechnologiesonpostharvestengineeringandtechnology.

To transfer technology and provide advisory and consultancy services and promoteentrepreneurship.

Todevelopandstrengthenlinkageswiththegrowers/farmers,privateandpublicsectorfoodprocessingenterprisesinthemandatedareas.

3. growth

3.1. infrastructure

CIPHETacquired10ha landatLudhianaand31.6haatAboharduring theperiodMarch1992andMarch1993,respectively.MasterPlanhasbeendevelopedandconstructionofbuildings,boundarywalls,roads,etc.wasstarted.Workshopbuildingwascompletedin1993atLudhianaandKVK building at Abohar was completed in 1995. The administrative block at CIPHET Ludhiana wascompletedin2001andatAboharin2004.ThedivisionalbuildingtohousevariouslaboratoriesatLudhiana is under progress.Efforts are going on to develop and equip various laboratoriesproposed in different Divisions. The buildings to house various pilot plants such as modern dal mill,chilliprocessingandAgroprocessingcluster forprocessingandvalueadditionofvariouscropsandfruitsandvegetablesarebeingconstructed.ItisproposedtohaveadditionallandfromPAU,stategovernmentofPunjabattheirfarmatLadowalinLudhianaformeetingrequirementof field experiment to produce organic as well as specific varieties suitable for various processing applications.OrganizationalstructureoftheInstitutehasbeenasshowninfollowingorganogram.

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Laboratories/Facilities Following research laboratories/facilities have been proposed for different Divisions of the Institute.

Ludhiana Campus

i) Food grains and Oilseeds Processing Division

PrimaryProcessingLaboratory

Drying

Foodgrainmilling(cereals,pulses)

Oilseedmilling

Productdevelopment

By-productutilization

Sensoryevaluationandqualityanalysislab

ii) Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division

Storageandpackageengineering

Materialhandlingandtestinglab

Environmentalcontrollab

Foodqualityandsafetylab

iii) Livestock Products Processing Technology Division

Poultryprocessinglab

Fishprocessinglab

Meatprocessinglab

By-productsutilization

iv) Transfer of Technology

PrototypeproductionandtestingCentre

Technologypromotioncell

Consumeracceptabilityandmarketresearch

Agri-BusinessPromotionCell

Videoconferencing,audiovisualandphotographyCell

Abohar Campus

vi) Horticultural Crops Processing Division

Fruitprocessinglab

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Vegetableprocessinglab

Floriculturelab

Packagingandstoragelab

Sensoryevaluationandqualitycontrollab

Byproductsutilizationlab

v) Commercial Crops Processing Division

Primaryprocessinglab

Productdevelopmentlab

By-productsutilizationlab

Thoughsomeofthelaboratorieshavebeendevelopedsatisfactorily,mosthavebeenunderinitialstagesofdevelopment.Inadditiontotheresearchlaboratories,thefollowingcentralfacilitiesareproposedatbothLudhianaandAboharcampusesofCIPHET.

National Library on Post Harvest Engineering and Technology

CentralInstrumentationLaboratory

CAD Cell and Simulation Laboratory

ReferralLaboratoryforqualityandsafetyanalysis

Agro-ProcessingClusters

Pilotplantcomplex

BiotechEngineeringLaboratory

AgriculturalResearchInformationSystem(ARIS)

InstitutionalTechnologyManagementUnit

Pilot Plants i) CerealProcessing

ii) Pulseprocessing

iii) Oil extraction, refining and testing

iv) Horticultureproduceprocessing

v) Coldstorageandenvironmentalcontrolchambers

vi) Pilotscaleextrusionprocessingplant

vii) Non-thermal processing facility for preservation and value added products

Agro Processing Clusters There is great need for establishing agroprocessing clusters in theproduction catchments

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toprovidethefacilityfor training,demonstrationandhandsonexperienceonlatestequipment/technology in operation for the benefit of entrepreneurs, industries, researchers and farmers. Under thisfacility,therewillbeintensivecollaborationwiththeindustriesandotherstakeholders.Itwillfunctionasatechnologyincubationfacility.Thisfacilitywillcatertotheneedsoftheproducersandprocessorsaswellasstrengtheningthelinkagesamongstthem.Whilelocatingtheclusterinproductioncatchmentstheproperconnectivitywiththeconsumptioncentreespeciallybigcitiesandtownsneedtobemaintainedwiththepurposeofgivinghigherreturnstotheproducers.Maintainingqualityandcomingoutwiththequalityproductsatcompetitivepriceswillbethemaingoaloftheseclusters.

TheInstitute,tostartwith,proposedtoestablishtwoAgroProcessingclustersinthecountryasperfollowingdetails.

i) Ludhiana-rice,wheat,pulsesandhorticulturalcrops

ii) Bangalore-sorghum,ragi,oilseedsandplantationcrops

Theseclusterswillcatalyzelocalentrepreneurshipandpromoteagribusinessnotonlyformeetingthedomesticneedsbutalsoforexport.TheywillalsoworkincollaborationwiththeproposedAgriExportZone(AEZs).Basedonthefeedbackfromabovetwoclusters,somemoreclusterswillalsobedevelopedbyCIPHETatdifferentplacesinthecountrycateringtoothercrops,commoditiesandregions.

Agricultural Technology information Centre (ATiC) Thishasbeenaveryinnovativeconcept,whichhasbeentriedsuccessfullyinmanyICARInstitutesandUniversitiesforthedisseminationandtransferoftechnologytotheusers.Thefacilitiesincludethesaleofproducts/seeds/gadgetsandalsoprovideaccesstothelatestdevelopmentsintheR&D sector. Such facility will be available to the farmers and users in the local language besides EnglishandHindiandwillalsosavemuch timeof the farmersandothersseeking informationfromdifferentestablishmentoftheInstitute.Hence,itwillbetrulysinglewindowaccessforthetechnologyandservices.TheInstituteproposestoestablishATIC,Abohar.

National Library CentrallibraryofCIPHETislocatedatLudhianacampus.ItisintheprocessofacquiringlatestbooksandjournalsintheareaofPost-HarvestEngineeringandTechnology.Thecollectionupto31.03.2007was27IndianJournals,14ForeignJournals,Books1933,standards583besidesotherdocuments and annual reports. Under NATP sub-project “Strengthening of Library Improvement and Networking” TLSS Library Software Package, Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA) on CD-ROM form 1969 to 1989 & 1990 to present, AGRIS on CD-ROM from 1991 to present AGRICOLA on CD-ROM from 1970 to present. Foreign Journals have been purchased/subscribed. Apartfromthepurchaseofbooksandperiodicals,InstituteLibraryisrenderingfollowingservicestothereaders:

Currentcontentsservice:Currentcontentserviceofjournalsandlistofnewarrivalsisbeing

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Head 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Total Actual (Approved) ExpenditureA. Recurring Pay & Allowances 7.31 10.00 10.50 10.50 11.69 50.00 85.21TA 4.99 6.01 6.00 6.00 7.00 30.00 28.60HRD - 0.50 3.00 3.50 3.00 10.00 1.72Contingencies 58.15 68.00 76.00 85.00 92.85 380.00 396.63Total (A) 70.45 84.51 95.50 105.00 114.54 470.00 512.16B. Non-recurring Equipment 29.69 125.00 125.00 120.31 100.00 500.00 470.29Works 28.44 84.70 148.86 113.00 125.00 500.00 359.91Library 6.05 10.95 11.00 11.00 11.00 50.00 33.55Land - - - - - - -Vehicles - - 6.00 - - 6.00 7.24Livestock - - - - - - -Furniture/fixtures - 8.00 8.00 7.00 7.00 30.00 26.39Total (B) 64.18 228.65 298.86 251.31 243.00 1086.00 897.39grand Total (A+B) 134.63 313.16 394.36 356.31 357.54 1556.00 1409.55

Table 1: Budget of CiPHET for the X Five-Year Plan (Rs. Lakh)

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circulatedeverymonthamongtheCIPHETStaffandICARInstitutes.

Library consultation services: Faculty members and students from other Institutes andUniversitiesarealsoconsultingCIPHETLibrary.Thelibrarywillalsofacilitatepatentsearchservice.

Saleofpublications:TheLibraryisdoingsaleoftheTechnicalBulletinsandBookspublishedbytheInstitute.

Referenceservice:Thelibraryalsoprovidesphotocopyofresearcharticlesfromotherlibrariesonpaymentbasisasperreader’srequest.Libraryarrangesreferencesandabstractsofresearchpapers/articles as per request of the readers on a specific subject/keyword from SAARC Agricultural Information Centre, Dhaka (Bangladesh).

Farm Asstatedearlier, theInstitutehasatotalareaof10haatLudhianaand31.6haatAbohar.AtLudhiana,mostofthelandiscoveredunderbuildingsandroads.Similarlyabout10halandisunderbuildingsandroadsatAboharandtheremaininglandisutilizedfordemonstrationunderseedproductionofvariouscrops.Theproduce,afterprocessingattheAgroProcessingCentre,LudhianaandinseedprocessingplantatAbohar,ismarketedtogenerateadditionalfundsforinfrastructuraldevelopment.

3.3. Human resource

The details of the sanctioned staff strength at CIPHET and status of filled positions has been given below in Table 2 & 3.


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Discipline Cadre Strength

Scientists Senior Principal Total Scientists Scientists

AgriculturalStructuresandProcessEngineering 15 10 8 33FarmMachineryandPower 1 - - 1SoilandWaterConservationEngineering 2 - - 2Food and Nutrition 1 - - 1Food Science & Technology 2 2 1 5Microbiology(PlantScience) 1 3 1 5Biochemistry(PlantScience) 1 1 - 2AgriculturalEntomology 0 1 - 1Agronomy 1 - - 1MechanicalEngineering 1 1 - 2Horticulture 3 1 - 4AgriculturalEconomics 0 1 - 1ElectronicsandInstrumentation 1 - - 1ChemicalEngineering 3 1 2 6PlantPathology 2 - - 2AgricultureExtension 1 - - 1BioTechnology 2 1 3LivestockProcTech 2 1 3FishProcTech 2 2Total 41 23 12 76

Table 3: Discipline-wise cadre strength of sanctioned scientific posts at CIPHET

Details of CIPHET, Ludhiana AICRP on APA AICRP on PHTPersonnel and Abohar

Sanctioned Posts in Sanctioned Posts in Sanctioned Posts inPosts Position Posts Position Posts Position

Scientific 71 32* 4 1 2 1

Technical 28 28 1 1 1 1

Administrative 18** 18 2 2 2 2

Supporting 6 4 1 1 1 0

Total No. of Posts 123 82 8 5 6 4

* Including Director ** Including Administrative Officer

Table 2: Sanctioned strength of staff at CIPHET and positions filled STAFF POSITION (as on 31.07.2007)

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4. Salient research achievement4.1 Research and development4.1.1 Agro processing equipment developed by CiPHET

Lac scrapper cum grader

Themachineiscapabletoscraplacstickssimultaneously,crushandgradethescrappedlacintothreegradesbytheirgrainsizes.Iteliminatesanychancesofmixingofthesticksandwoodparticleswith scrapped lac. Non-uniform lac encrustations are crushed by means of a pair of crushing rolls atmoisturecontentof3%(db),aftertwopasses.Themachinecomesintwovariantsof20kg/hand50kg/hcapacities.Itisoperatedby2hpand5hpelectricmotor,requirestwopersonstooperateandcostsofmachineisaroundRs.30,000andRs.50,000respectively.

groundnut pod grader

Themechanicalgraderhastwomainsectionsto clean and grade the groundnut pods,with acapacityof650kgperhour.Thegroundnutpodsfedtothehoppereithermanuallyorwithabucketelevatorentertherotaryscalperwhereextraneousmatterisremovedandthentraveldownbygravityand forced air stream to the pneumatic gradingchamber.Inthepneumaticchamber,thepodsgetseparatedintothreelotsdependingupondensitydifference.Eachofthreefractionsisfurthergradedintofourdistinctgradesbymeansofthicknessandsize graders. Thus, pods could finally be graded intoamaximumoftwelvedistinctgradesandthepodsineachgradearenearlyuniforminsize,shapeandweight.Thesegradesderivedfromheavyandmediumfractionsaremore suited todirectusessuchasseed,tablepurposeandexportdirectlywithoutanyfurthermanualgrading.Themediumandlightfractionscanbeusedforoilextraction.Themachinerunson3kWelectricmotor,requirestwopeopletooperate.Thecostofthemachineisapprox.Rs.2,00000/-andcapacityis650kg/h.

groundnut pod decorticator

Acompositeunitofgroundnutdecorticatorwasdevelopedespeciallyforproducersofvalueaddedproductsfromwholekernel.Theunitconsistsfeedhopper,decorticatingdrum,aspirator,andsievegradertogradekernelintwogrades.Thecapacityoftheunitis60kg/handpriceisRs65,000. The dehulling efficiency is 87% with no breakage of the kernel.

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Low cost filter for micro irrigation

It is a cost effective filter suitable for micro irrigation in green house. The unit is easy to fabricate by local artisan and performs better if used along with sand filter. The unit is suitable for use under low head drip irrigation system (1.2 m) with improved efficiency without head loss. Maximum flow rateis3-7m3/handitcanbeoperatedatapressureof1–1.2kg/cm2

CiPHET castor decorticator

Acastordecorticatorwasdevelopedforoperationofdepoddinganddecorticationtobeperformedsimultaneously.Therewasnodamagetocastorcapsulesinthismachine.Thecapacityoftheunitis50kg/h.

Sunflower dehulling mill

The unit consists of feeding mechanism, centrifugal typedehuller,aspiratorforseparationofhullfromdehulledproductandgradingunit,whichseparateswhole,brokenandunhulledkernels.Thecapacityoftheunitis400to500kg/h

CiPHET tomato grader

A grader for grading fresh tomatoes based on gravity wasdeveloped. Tomatoes roll down the pipes due to gravity and fall immediately wherever they find thespacebiggerthantheirdimensions.Thetomatoesaregradedin3sizes(Grades:25-40mm,40-55mm,55-70mmand>70mm).Thecollectorisinclinedat10°sothatthetomatoesslidedirectlyintocrates.Theimportantfeatureofgraderisitsabilitytoadjustthegapbetweenthepipesandinclinationofgradingtableandhopper.Itcanalsobeusedforgradingotherroundfruitsandvegetables.

CiPHET rotary maize cob sheller

Amanuallyoperatedmaizecobshellerofuniquedesigntoreducedrudgeryinvolvedinhandheldmaizeshellerswasdeveloped.Thecapacityofunitisabout60kg/hofgrain.Sincethereisnodamageduringshellingtheunitishighlyrecommendedforshellingofthecobsforseedpurposes.

Method of determining maturity of mango

A maturity index based on TSS was defined to measure the maturity objectively using thecolour values.Themodel developed to predictmaturityissimpleandcanbeusedonfarmwiththecolorimeter.Alternativelyacolourandmaturityindexcharthasalsobeendevelopedtouseitwith

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anycolorimeter.Methodisnondestructiveandeasytouseatanyplace.

Banana comb cutter

Itisusefultode-stemthecombfromthebananabunch.Itreplacestheuseofsickle,whichislabourintensiveandtimeconsuming.Itissafetousecomparedtoconventionalsickle.Itisalsosafeforbananacombsandcanbeusedforfasterwork.

Mobile agro processing unit

MobileAgroProcessingunitconsistofgraincleaner(100-200kg/h,1kW);horizontalburrmill(75-100kg/h,3.75kW);VerticalMasalaMill(15-25kg/h,1.5kW);PopCornMakingMachine(4kg/h, 1.5 kW); and Diesel Generator Set: 7.5 KVA, three phase. Cost of mobile unit is about Rs. 2 lakh.

4.1.2 Value added products and processes

Porous bricks

Theporousbrickwasdesignedanddevelopedforconstructionofevapoativelycooledroomforstorageofperishables.Thebrickshavelowerdryweight,higherwaterabsorptioncapacityandbetterrateofevaporationfromitssurface.Therawmaterialusedformakingthisbrickswasbrickearthandcropresidues.

Mustard sauce

AlowcostprocessforproductionofpurevegetarianMustardSaucehasbeendeveloped.Theprocess consists of production full fat edible quality mustard flour using unique CIPHET process. The condiments, citric acid, vinegar, and plant based emulsifier, spices, salt are used in preparation ofsauceineithersourtasteorinsweettaste.TheproductmeetsInternationalstandardwithpreferredtaste,colour,appearanceandviscosity.ItcostsRs80/kgcomparedtoRs250/kgforconventionalsauce.

Method to prepare dried garlic slices

Amethodforpreparationofdriedgarlicsliceswasdeveloped.Theclovesareseparated,peeled and sliced across the length. Slices of3mm thickness are dipped in 0.5% sodiummetabisulphite solution for 15min at ambienttemperatureanddriedto6%moisturecontent(db)in a fluidized bed dryer at 60C air temperature. Slicesthusobtainedareimmediatelypackedin

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airtightcontainers.

Sunflower based confectionery products

Various confectionary products using sunflower seeds were developed. Sunflower-sesame kernelconfectionChikki was prepared taking jaggery, sunflower kernel and sesame kernel. Sunflower basedreadytoeatsweetmeatwasalsodeveloped.Boththeseproductsarelikedassubstitutesesamebasedproducts.

Process technology for making aonla beverage

Thenutritiousbeverageusingaonlawasprepared.Themajorcompositioninbeveragewasaonlajuice(20%),sugarsyrup(70%-250B),otherfruitjuices(guava,pineapplejuice,etc)(10%).Otheringredientsusedwereblacksalt,whitesalt,blackpepper,amchur powderanddhania.The final mixture is bottled and sterilized in hot water beforestorage.

Process technology for guava bar

Guavacanbeprocessedintoanumberofproductslikefruitsbarandbeverage.Anumberofproductslikeleather,barsandcubesusingguavaweredeveloped.Othernutrientsrichfruitssuchasmangoandpapayawereblendedintoguavatoimproveitsacceptabilityand flavor. The developed products could be stored up to6months.

Process technology for Anardana and its powder

TheprocessforAnardanapowderfromwildpomegranatewasdeveloped.Theproductwithdesirableacidsugarratioretainedmaximumqualityparameters(sugars,TSS,vitaminCandminerals)uptosixmonthsofstorage.Variousproductslikechutney,digestivechuranandtabletswerealsodevelopedusingthepowder.

Process technology for pomegranate jelly and granadine

Theprocessformakingpomegranatejellyandgranadinewasdeveloped.Theproductswereexcellentinappearance,colour,nutritionallyrichinvitaminAandminerals,goodkeepingqualitywith natural flavour. They could be stored for 4 months under ambient conditions and 6 months in coldstorage.

Process technology for ber preserves

Ber preserveswere preparedwith andwithout stoneof ber.Thedevelopedproducts have

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excellentnaturalcolorandverygoodtexture.TheproductswererichinvitaminCandminerals.Theproductswerefoundtohaveleastenzymaticbrowning.

Sorghum-soy-blended biscuit

Biscuitsareconvenientandoneof themostpopularandwidelyconsumedprocessedfoodproducts.Thequalityofproteincanbeenhancedbyfortifyinglocallyavailableproteinrichfoodslike soybean, millets like sorghum for good source of dietary fibre and complex carbohydrates. Glucose biscuits, prepared from wheat flour, sorghum flour and fortified with soybean developed at CIPHET, were rich in protein and dietary fibre. Composite flour containing 70% wheat flour, 20% pearled sorghum flour and 10% soybean flour was used for making biscuit. Biscuits provide 47% more proteins, 8.3 times more fibre and 38.98% more minerals than the commercial biscuits

Two stage evaporative cooler

Acoolerunitwithtwostageevaporativecoolingwasdesignedanddeveloped.Thecoolerisportableand1.5mx1.0mx2.0minlength,breadthandheight.Thedevelopedtwostageevaporativecoolercouldreducethetemperatureuptothewetbulbdepressionandupto90%relativehumidity.The effectiveness of the two stage evaporative cooler ranged from1.1 to 1.2 over the singleevaporation.ThehourlycoolingcapacityofTSECrangedfrom2125to4500Watts

Mobile cool chamber

Itwas developed for short duration storage

and transportation of fish for retail marketing. The

insulatedboxwasdesignedsuchthatitcouldhold8

plasticcratesofsize540x360x295mmintwolayer

of four each for keeping fish. The total capacity of

storage was 150 kg of fish with 80% filling of each

plastic crates and 1:1 ratio of ice and fish. It costs around Rs. 18,000-20,000/- and can be used for

fruitsandvegetablesalso.

Evaporatively cooled room for storage of fruits and vegetables

Anevaporativelycooled (EC) room(3x3x3m.size)wasdeveloped foron-farmstorageoffruitsandvegetables.ThesummertemperatureinsidetheECroomwas5-8Clowerthanthatinsidetheordinaryroomandwintertemperaturewas5-8Chigherthanordinaryroom.Comparedonthebasisof10%physiologicallossinweight(PLW)theshelflifeinsidetheroomwas34daysforearlykinnow, 23 days for late kinnow, 11 days for cauliflower and 4 days for spinach as compared to 21, 11,5and2daysrespectivelyinanordinaryroomatthesametime.ThecostofthechamberisRs.

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35000andcapacityis2tonnes.

CiPHET evaporative cooled storage structure

EvaporativelyCooledStructure(ECS)maintainsamoderate low temperature and sufficiently high relative humidity for short term storage of fresh fruits andvegetables.Thissystemrequiresnoorveryminimumlevelofconsumptionofelectricity,lessinitialinvestmentandnegligiblemaintenancecost.Theunithasspecialdesign of roof, orientation and uses wetted pad forcooling. It can achieve 20C lower temperature thanoutsidetemperatureandrelativehumidityashighas70–99%dependingupontheoutsidetemperature.AnECSofabout5-7tonnestoragecapacitymay


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4.2. Technologies and patents

4.2.1 Patents A number of patents have been filed by CIPHET and a few of them are at the stage of grant. The list of patents filed is presented below

S.No. Title of Patent

1. CIPHETFruitSaver

2. Pre-grindingofoilseedpriortomechanicalexpelling

3. Development of process of debittering of kinnow juice using an absorbent

4. Alternate cheaper bleaching material for edible oil refining

5. Highspeed,precisiongradingofgroundnutpodsgrader

6. Highcapacitylacscrappercumgraderforsimultaneousscrappingandgradingonlacencrustations

7. CIPHETfruitcollectorcumgrader

8. Methodofdeterminingmaturityofintactmangoontree

9. A new technique of processing the mustard seed for reducing refining cost improving qualityofoil

10. CIPHETTomatograder

11. Lowcosttechniqueforenhancementofshelflifeoftomato

12. Development of new process for stick lac removal at a faster rate by means of a newlyinvented,powderoperatedlacscrappingmachine

13. Alowenergyprocessofdehullingthemustardseeds

14. Groundnutpodgrader

15. Lacscrappercumgraderforgradedrawlacproductionatindividuallacgrower’slevel.

16. Useofby-productofmustardseedhavinganti-bacterialandanti-fungalmoisturerepellantproperties.

17. Process fordebitteringofkinnow /citrus juicesbyusingpretreated indigenousadsorbentresin

18. Development of sunflower kernel based confectionery products

19. Process Technology for making Digestive Product from Anardana (Anardana Hazmahazam

20. ProcessTechnologyformaking“AnardanaReadytomixChutney”

21. A process for production of Kernels from NSFH-36 Variety of Sunflower seeds (HelianthusannusL)forconfectionerypurposeinFoodIndustry

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22. Energy efficient bengal gram sattu makingtechnology

23. CIPHET Castor Depodder /Decorticator

24. Anewprocessofoilextractionfromkaranjseed(Pongmia glabra)throughmechanicalexpression

25. RotaryMaizeCobSheller

4.2.2. Technologies ready for adoption /commercialization1. TwoStageEvaporativeCoolerforenhancedcoolingcapacity

2. Evaporativelycooledroomforstorageoffruitsandvegetables

3. CIPHETEvaporativeCooledStorageStructureforstoring5tfruitsandvegetables

4. SmallcapacityLacscrappercumgraderEquipment(20kg/h)forindividuallacfarmer

5. HighCapacityLacscrappercumgraderEquipment(50kg/h)forgroupof3farmers

6. HighcapacityGroundnutpodgraderforuseinvalueaddedproductsindustry.

7. Sunflower dehulling mill

8. CIPHETTomatoGraderforprimaryprocessingatfarmerslevel.

9. HandoperatedCIPHETrotarymaizecobsheller to removedrudgery involved inminimaloperations.

10. PoweroperatedCIPHETrotarymaizecobshellerforprocessingindustry

11. Method for making porous bricks for constructing efficient cool living and storage rooms

12. Methodofdeterminingmaturityandtotalsolublesolidscontentsofmangointreebynon-destructiveinstrumentaltechnique

13. Methodtopreparedriedgarlicslicesforvalueadditionandpreservationofessentialoils

14. Processformakinggingerpowderforpreservationandvalueaddition.

15. Sunflower based caramel confectionery products to promote food uses of sunflower

16. Processtechnologyformakingaonlabeverageeffectiveforvalueadditiontoanola

17. De-bettering of kinnow juice by using indigenous adsorbent resin

18. Processtechnologyfor Anardanaanditspowder

19. Processtechnologyfor pomegranateJellyandGranadine

20. ProcessTechnologyformakingAnardanaHazmahazam(Tablets)

21. ProcessTechnologyforber preserves

22. Processtechnologyforplainandblendedguavaleather/bar

23. Pilotplantfordryingandprocessingofchilliintopowderandpaste.


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24. Pilotplantforprocessingoftomatoforpackaging,pureeandpowdermaking.

25. APC Models for Punjab based on future diversification and existing surplus crops.

26. ApplicationofPlasticinAquaculture

26. Low cost filter for micro-irrigation

27. Low-cost green house for cultivation of vegetables and high value crops (medicinal andaromatic)

28. Database for Post Harvest and Agro Processing Equipment

29. Technology for mustard sauce/flour and its utilization as functional food

30. Mobilecoolchamberforstorageandtransportation

5. impact assessment and lessons learnt

5.1. impact assessment1. National Agricultural Research System has benefited the farmers and rural entrepreneurs in the

adoption of post harvest technologies developed in R&D institutes.

2. The number of modern rice mills, roller flour mills, pulse mills, oil mils, solvent extraction plants, fruit and vegetable processing units have increased in the last five decades. However, growthintheareaofprocessing,valueadditionandbyproductutilizationneedtobeacceleratedastheseoperationsonlywillreducepostharvestlosseswhichareeventodaytothetuneof10%forfoodgrainsand25%forperishables.Thepostharvestsectorhasgreatpotentialofgeneratingincomeandemploymentthroughvalueadditionandagroprocessingactivitiesinproductioncatchments(8jobsforeach10lakhsinvested).

impact Analysis – growth:

- Adoptionofprimaryprocessingactivities inruralareasmainlyforpreservationandlossreduction.

- Beginningofminimalprocessinginproductioncatchments.

- Establishmentof250Agro-processingcentersinthecountry.

- Modernizationofricemillingindustry.

- Promotionofagri-preneursintheareaofpostharvestengineeringandtechnology.

5.2 Lessons learnt During the last two decades, emphasis has been on increasing productivity without proper support forstorageorprocessing.Thisresultedintremendouslossesandlowpricetofarmproduce.Theresearcheffortinpostharvestmanagementhadslowpaceofadoptionduetolimitedinfrastructure


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for transfer of technology, validation and refinement. The effort of ICAR in developing rural friendly technologieshavegeneratedinterestamongfarmers/entrepreneurstominimallyprocessedorvalueaddedthevaluableagroproduct.Henceagro-processingcentersestablishedwereveryeffectiveintransferoftechnologies.Thispacecanbeacceleratedthroughestablishmentofmoreagro-processingcenters,regionalcentersoftheinstituteindifferentparksofthecountrybyinvolvingSAUs/ICARinstitutes and Government & Non- Government organizations for multi-locational trials. There is a needtosensitizefarmers,smallandmediumentrepreneurstocomeforwardandtakeuppostharvestactivitiesatproductionleveltominimizepostharvestlossesandgetremunerativepricefortheirvalueaddedproducts.

Lessons LearntThrust only in loss prevention in agriculture sector is not sufficient.Valueadditionofthesecommoditiesneedtobedoneinproductioncatchments.Need to establish region specific agro processing centers, which farmers can operateTransfer of technologies to the end user has remained limited & there is a need to expedite it

through farmer’s fair, exhibitions, and distribution of extension literature and identification ofcommittedgroup.

Farmers are not well aware of post harvest technologies generated at R&D institutes hence thrustshouldbegiventoorganizesensitizationworkshops.

Agroprocessing industries have been adhered to traditional technologies and there is aneed toorganize institute industry interfacemeetingsfrequently in thehubofprocessingindustries.

Entrepreneurs who are willing to take up processing & value addition as business activity do nothaveopportunitiestohavehandonpracticeondifferentmachine.Hence,itisnecessaryto organize technology based entrepreneurship development programme to generateconfidence.

Agro-processingcentersinruralareashaveshownpositiveresultsandthismomentumneedstobemaintainedthroughinteractiveworkshopswiththeSelfHelpGroups,womenorganizationsandcooperatives.

6. Scenario and SWOT analysis

6.1 Scenario: Current and future

Food processing situation in india

The Indian Agriculture contributes about 25% of GDP and sustains 67% of population. The Indianfood-processingsector isoneof the largest in theworld, ranks5th in termof itsvolumeprocessedandconsumed.Itattracts6%oftotalindustrialinvestmentinthecountryandemploysaround1.6millionworkers–almost10%ofcountry’s industrial labour force.Howeverdue toinadequate and inefficient post harvest preservation and processing facilities about 10% in food grains


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Table 4: Level of processing in different agriculture sector

Sr. Sector Production: Value: raw Value: ProcessingNo raw material produce processed raw level (%) (mt) (Rs.crores) produce (Rs.crores)1 Cereals 163 1,16,334 63,984 502 Pulses 11.1 15,920 11,940 753 Oilseeds 14.8 30,177 27,159 904 Sugarcane 287.4 28,042 24,677 885 Fruits & Vegetables 140 .0 1,28,633 2,573 26 Spices 3.4 16,574 14,917 907 Tea 0.838 3,998 3,998 1008 Coffee 0.275 1,884 1,884 1009 Dairy 86.2 1,07,544 25,12 3 3310 Meat & products 5.9 24,876 5,489 7.511 Fisheries 6.1 31,534 1,866 10

and25-40%infruitsandvegetablesarelostwhichinmonetarytermsisequivalenttoRs.590,000million.Thevalueadditionlevelsareonly2%infruitandvegetablescomparedto80%incountrylikeUSAandMalaysiaandmeager10%inothercommoditiescomparedto100%inothercountries.The changing trends in food habits, curiosity about health benefits and functional characteristics ofIndianvarietieshassuddenlyincreasedinterestofdevelopednationsinthem.Henceitisaripeopportunity to develop our R&D processing industry to process the raw produce using cutting edge technologiestomeetinternationalstandardsandquality.

Forsupporting7-8%growthrateinthenationaleconomy,thepostharvestandvalueadditionsectorisrequiredtogrowatabout10%with4%growthinagriculturalsector.AtpresentthePHTsectorfacestheproblemoferraticandinadequatesupplyofqualityrawmaterial,non-availabilityofadequateinfrastructure, inadequateinvestmentinorganizedsector, lackof trainedmanpowerandlackofqualityanalysislab.Theproblemsresultedinhighcostofprocessingandpoorqualityofprocessedproducts.Thepresentlevelofprocessingofdifferentcropsincludingdairy,meatandpoultryisdescribedinthetablebelow.

Hence,effortshavetobemadetodevelopequipmentandtechnologyforvariousoperationsofprocessingatprimaryandsecondarylevel.Withglobalization,thetertiaryprocessingismoreimportanttofetchthepricefrominternationalmarket.Theconsumptiontrendischanging.TheruralIndiaspent10%oftheirfoodshareonprocessedfoodwhileurbanitwas20%during2004.Thevalueadditionoffoodproductsisexpectedtoincreasefromcurrent10%to35%by2025.Tomeetthisrequirement,theprocessinginfruitandvegetableshouldincreasefrom2to25%by2025.Thesectorwiseperspectiveisdescribedbelow:

Fruits and vegetables

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Consumer demand for fresh fruits andvegetablesisgrowingattherateof11%.Ofthis,1.9%iscontributedbypopulationgrowthwhilethe remaining9% iscontributedby increase inpercapitaexpenditure.Theinstalledcapacityoftheprocessingplantsis2.2milliontonneswithquantityprocessedareabout1.1milliontonnes.Tomeetthisdemandlevelofprocessingforfruitsandvegetablesneedtobeincreasedto25%and35%in2015and2025,respectively.

Foodgrain sector

This sector includes rice, wheat, maize,jowar,bajra,andbarley.Although,Indiaissecondlargestproducerofriceandwheathoweverthequalityofendproducthastobeimproved.Mostoftheprocessingdoneforthesecropsareprimaryprocessing.Bakery product contribute the largest segment of grain-based processed food (over50,000unorganizedand15organized).ThetotalgrainbasedsnacksandnamkeenisworthRs.29,000million(85%unorganized).Thefoodhabitsarechangingandlikingmarketforreadytoeatsnacksisgrowingatfasterrate.Allthesegrainsformimportantingredientsformakingexpandedsnacks.Thegrain-basedproductareexpectedtogrow3timesby2025frompresentworthof1,500,000million. The trend of fortified and packaged grain flour is also growing fast and hence offers scope forgrainbasedtechnologyaswellasenterprisedevelopment.

Pulse

Indiaisthelargestproducer,consumerandimporterofpulsesintheworld.TheIndiaproducespulsesofshare25%ofglobalproductionandconsumes27%ofglobal.Theimportis11%ofglobal.Thepulsesaremainlyprocessedintodal(75%ofavailable)in14,000dalmills.Thesemillsaremostly in unorganized sector and face problems like inadequate efficient machines. The losses during millingareestimatedtothelevelof7-8%.Iftheselossesarereduced,theimportinpulsemillingsector can be reduced. Also the pulses industry is not energy efficient due to unorganized sector. Theattractivepriceforgoodqualitydaloverthebrokens,hasrevivedtheinterestofentrepreneursforupgradingexistingmillsandalsotoestablishmodernmillingequipmentandprotocols.Hencescope for R&D and TOT in this sector is expected to grow very fast. The trends to consume low fat legume snacks, need newer product development using extrusion and microwave puffing processes andhencedemandforindustrialization.Thepackagingofgoodqualitydalaswellmarketingofblendeddaltoprovidebalancedessentialaminoacidscompositionoffersgreatpromise.

Edible oil sector

Indiaistheworld’sfourthlargestvegetableoileconomywith15,000oilmills,600solventextraction units, 230 vanaspati plants and over 500 refineries, employing over one million persons.

Ricemills : 139,298ModernRiceMills : 35,088Under-Runner-discSheller : 4538Huller-cumSheller : 83585Metallichullers : 91,287RollerMills : 820Bakeryproducts : 3milliontones


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Theutilizationcapacityofthisindustryisonly30–40%ofinstalledcapacity.Thedemandforedibleoilsisexpectedtoincreasefrom12.3milliontonnesduetopercapitaconsumptionincreaseby4%andapopulationgrowthof1.9%.TheIndustryhastoacquireoverallgrowth@6%pa.Theincreasein availability of edible oils can be through efficient oil extraction method as well as exploring non edibleoilslikericebran,cottonseed,castoretc.forfoodpurposes.Togetoptimumblendqualityfattyacidsforgoodhealthoffersgoodscopeforreprocessingforblendingandmarketingofthistertiaryprocessedproduct.Thebyproductofoilmillinglikelecithin,tocopherolshaveproventheir health benefits hence R & D & TOT on by product utilization of oil milling also needs to be attendedto.Themajorbyproductofoilmillingisgenerallyhighproteincake.Ifprocessedproperlythiscakecanbeputtofoodusesinplaceofwholeoilseeds.Thisopensupaltogethernewindustrytoprocessoilseeds.

Meat and poultry

Indian consumers prefer to buy freshly cut goat or chicken from themarket, rather thanprocessedorfrozenmeats.A mere6%ofproduction(about100,000tonnes)ofpoultrymeatissoldinprocessedform.Ofthis,onlyabout1%undergoesprocessingintovalueaddedproducts(readytoeat/readytocook).Indiaislikelytobethefastestgrowingmeatconsumptionnations,duetorisingaffordability,populationgrowth,andconversionfromvegetarianismandhenceoffersscopeforhygienicallyprocessedandvalueaddedmeatproducts.Thegoatmeatismorepopularthanchickenandcosts2timeshigherthanit.Eventhenpropermeatextraction,packagingandvalueadditionhasnotbeenpaidmuchattention.Withpopularizationofburgersthedemandforproperprocessingofmeat will increase the opportunity of R & D in this area.

Fisheries

Of the total fish production, 62% is on account of capture production and 38% is on account of aquaculture. In capture production coastal fishing constitutes the bulk and deep sea fishing accounts for only 12%. About 35% of India’s population consumes fish. Domestic demand for fish is likely togrowatanannualrateof2.4%frompresentrangeof5.9–6.0milliontonnesinayear.Tomeetthis demand processing level in fisheries need to increase to 25% by 2025. Similar to chicken and meat, the eating of fish is increasing. The newly introduced population to eating fish has greater acceptability for processed and ready to eat product from fish and hence offers great scope of R & D and its commercialization.

Confectionary

ThesizeoftheIndianconfectioneryandchocolatemarketisestimatedatRs.26000millions.Sugar confectionerywhere fruit pulp can be added accounts for 61%of thismarket,with thebalance being chocolates and mints & gums. The confectionery segment where aonla, ber, guava canbeutilisedisexpectedtogrownearly6-foldby2025.Withgrowingconfectionarymarketduetoeasyimportsandindigenousproductionhasalsoregeneratedinterestofconsumersintoethnicconfectionarieslike,gondladdu,burfy,sonpapadietc.SomeoftheIndianethnicconfectionaries


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have health benefits and are in great demand in elite markets. The R & D and TOT on this sector alsooffergreatpromise.

Spices

India is the global leader in spices production and export. During 2004-05, 335488 tonnes spices worth Rs. 27900 millions were exported from India. Despite huge demand of spices worldwide, India isexportingonlyabout10%ofitstotalproductionduetolowqualityandhighdomesticdemand.IfIndianspiceshavetocompeteinthemarketitisnecessarytoupgradethequalityasperinternationalstandard.Thereisalsountappedpotentialofvariousextractedproducefromspices.Themajorexportsareofprimaryprocessedspices.Thesecondaryandtertiaryprocessingneedtobedoneinthisarea.TheIndianspicesareindemandbecauseIndiaproducesvarietyofspiceswhichareknownonlytoIndian housewives or cooks. Due to globalization renewed interest is being generated world over in Indian specialty spices, e.g. Anardana, which offers great scope for its R & D and TOT.

Dairy

India ranks first in the world in terms of milk production at 91 million tonnes and growing at therateof4%.Onlyabout35%ofmilkproducedinIndiaisprocessed.Thereishugepotentialforprocessingandvalueaddition,particularlyinethnicIndianproducts,whicharelargelysoldinunbrandedforminthemarket.

Medicinal and aromatic plants

Indiahavingdiverseecosystemsisimmenselyrichinmedicinalandaromaticplants.ItisoneoftheeightimportantVaviloviancentersofbiodiversity.Usesoftheplantmedicinesbothforprimaryhealth care as also remedies are its age old culture. During the recent past, there is a resurgence of interestinstudyanduseofmedicinalplants.Manytraditionalplantbasedremediesarebackinuseand find increasing applications as (i) source of direct therapeutic agents, (ii) as a raw material base fortheelaborationofmorecomplexsemi-syntheticchemicalcompounds,(iii)asmodelsfornewsyntheticcompounds,and(iv)as taxonomicmarkersfor thediscoveryofnewcompounds.Theproduction,consumptionandinternationaltradeinmedicinalplants,andphytomedicines,therefore,are growing and expected to grow in future quite significantly.In order to position the medicinal plantssectoronitsgrowthpath,anall-out,plantbasedactionincultivation,postharvesttechnology,processing,manufacturing,research,patentingandmarketingisnecessary.

6.2. SWOT Analysis

Strengths

CIPHET is a multi disciplinary institute with well defined mandate, vision and mission. CIPHET hasscientistsinalldisciplinesofPostHarvestSector.

CIPHET is located inanagriculturallyadvancedstatewhich isgoing towards introducingnew crops for diversification and hence provides great opportunities for development of agro-


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processingenterprisesincatchmentareas.

Manyleadingagroprocessingequipmentandmachinerymanufacturersarealsolocatednearbyandhencedevelopmentofpilotplantsbasedonnewinnovationsincooperationwiththemwillmaketransferoftechnologyfaster.

TheProblems of Indian industries are unique due to their rural location, small size andunorganizedstatus,theequipmentandtechnologyfromdevelopednationsisnotsuitabletobeimposedonpresentsetup.CIPHEThasstrongbaseofengineeringscientiststosolvetheequipmentdesignandprocessdevelopmentproblemsofprocessingandvalueadditionindustryinIndia

Weaknesses

Lack of scientific (only 33 position filled against 76), technical and administrativemanpower.

Limited space is available for the institute at Ludhiana and hence establishing differentlaboratoriesandgrowingspecialtycropssuitableforprocessingtoevaluatethevarietiesforspecific processing requirement will be difficult.

Lack of scientifically trained manpower to handle the processing machinery. Mostly mechanics or mistries operate and control the operation, hence new innovations are difficult to percolate.

Lackofsupportinginfrastructuralfacilitiessuchaslaboratories/cars/buses/trailorsetc.

Opportunities

Growing agricultural production in the country, andgreater acceptability to the processedproductsprovideshugepotentialfortechnologydevelopment.

Enhancedincome,nucleusfamilystructure,timepressureonworkingcouples,widerreachofthe television and print media in homes and so on have reflected in the increased demand for processedfoods,ReadyToCook(RTC)andReadytoEat(RTE)foodproducts.

Existingagroprocessingequipmentisnotcapableofproducingthedesiredqualityproductforupperclasssegmentandexportandhencetechnologiesneedtoupgradetheexistingprocessinginfrastructure.

WithincreasinginterestinexportsthereexistsenoughopportunitiesforcollaborativeworkbyCIPHETatnationalandinternationallevel.

WithincreasedincomeofIndianmiddleclassandexposuretointernationalprocessedproductsthroughprintandelectronicmedia,marketfordomesticprocessedproducthasincreasedandhencemanyupcomingentrepreneursarewillingtotakeupagroprocessingofvalueadditionentrepreneurship.


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Due to increased interest of private sector in food trade and processing due to congenial environmentandmarketfriendlypoliciesofthegovernment,thereisagreateropportunityforfastercommercializationoftechnologies.

The crops of Indian origin due to their unique aroma and flavour are being sourced by developed countriesatpremiumprice.Hencetheirvalueadditionandprocessingforexportisgettingattentionofprivateplayersaswellaspolicymakers,whichincreasedopportunityinthissectornexttoonlyITsector.

Threats

Lackof awareness among theconventionalprocessors aboutquality and safety codesandstandards.

Relativelyhighcostandlowqualityoffarmproduceforprocessing,lackofvarietiesamenableforprocessing

Longandfragmentedsupplychain,tinyandfragmentedholdingsandlowtechnology,

Inferior agri-inputs, inappropriate variety, inefficient farm management and cost of logistics.

Highcostofpowerandinadequateorinappropriateavailability.

Costly and inefficient transportation of raw and finished products

Comparatively high cost of packaging of finished produce

In AS&PE, there has been shortage of scientific manpower at national level and hence research in newer areas is difficult to initiate.

7. Perspective WithgrowingconcernfornutritionalandfoodsecurityandgreateremphasisonconsumerneedsaswellasresultsofWTOagreement,therearetremendouschallengesposedonpostharvesttechnology. The population is increasing. The Indian Agricultures contributes only 25% of GDP butitsustains67%ofpopulation.HigherproductionandproductivitybuiltpressureonPHTforlossreduction,betterhandlingandstorage,valueaddition,packaging,transportandmarketingofvarious agricultural produce andproducts includingby-products and residues for domestic andinternationalmarkets.Lossestotheextentof10%and25-40%areestimatedinfoodgrain,fruitsandvegetablesrespectively,whichisequivalenttoRs.5,900,000million.Thevalueadditionisonly2%infruitandvegetablescomparedto80%incountrylikeUSAandMalaysiaand7%inothercommoditiescomparedto100%inothercountries.Presentexportmarket(shareonly1.2%)isforprimarygoodsonly,whichfetchverylowprice.Thechangingtrendsinfoodhabits,curiosityabouthealth benefits and functional characteristics of Indian varieties, has suddenly developed interest of developed countries in them. Hence it is a right opportunity to develop our R & D processing industrytoprocesstherawproducetointernationalstandardandquality.


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9. Programme and Projects Based on the thrust area identified, the futuristic programmes up to 2025 in the PHT sector are presentedinthefollowingtables

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Sl No. Issues Strategies

1. Post harvest technologies for loss - Development of need based post reduction. harvesttechnologiesforsafestorage, handlingandmarketing. - Development of agro-processing technologiesfordifferent commoditiesforadoptionatrural leveltominimizepostharvestlosses.

2. Value addition technologies. - Development of technologies for valueaddedproductsusingnoveland innovativeapproaches.

3. Technology transfer, - Design and development of agro- entrepreneurshipdevelopmentand processingmachinesformassscale marketing. productionformultilocationaltestings. - Develop technology based one week

Entrepreneursdevelopment programme (EDP)

4. Byproduct utilization and Waste - Develop technologies for converting managements. byproductsintovalueaddedproducts.

- Development of complete protocol for waste management.

5. Improvement of agricultural - Design and development of efficient storage

structures. structures for cereals, oilseeds & horticultural produce.

6. BiotechnologyinPHTsector. - Useofenzymetechnologyinmillingofcereal,pulse & oilseeds as well as for refining.

- Development of processed products based onbiotechnologicalapproach

7. Environment control for higher productivity. - Design and fabricate agricultural structures for animals, poultry and fisheries sector.

8. Livestock produce processing - Development of technologies for product developmentfromlivestockproduceusinginnovativeapproaches.

8. issues and strategies

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Short term

Sr. Thrust area Research gaps Research programmes Expected outputNo.

1 Postharvest Thepostharvestlossestothe Assessmentofpost-harvestlossesandsuggesting Reductionoflossesby technologiesfor extentof10%wereobservedin remedialmeasuresforvariouscommodities. 80%atvariousstageof lossreduction foodgrainand20-40%oftotal Development of equipment and package of practices post harvest in different productionlossesduetospoilage foronfarmcooling/chillingoffruitsandvegetables a g r i c u l t u r a lcommodities. atvariousstagesofpostharvest Development of drying technologies for agricultural storageofperishables. produceforbetterqualityandsafety Development of technology and pilot plant for organiccoatingofselectedfruitsand vegetablesforbettermarketappealandincreased shelflife. Development of post harvest package for longer shelf lifeandlongdistancetransportofselectedfruits,cut vegetables and cut flowers. Development of PCR and ELISA based kits for rapid detectionofE.ColiO157:H7andSalmonellainrawand processedfruitsandvegetableproducts,dairyand meatproductsstoredunderdifferentconditions. Development of methods for rapid detection of mycotoxinsincerealsandcerealbasedproductsand techniques for detoxification. Development of technique/instruments for nondestructive evaluationofinternalqualityoffruits. Package for longer shelf life of meat, poultry and fish. Development of cool chain system for horticultural produce. Development of MAP/evaporatively cooled storage

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technology for fruits & vegetables Technologies for coarse cereals & minormillets Refinement of technology for processing of oilseeds.

2. Valueaddition Thelevelofprocessingisvery Development of high quality novel products from Va l u e a d d i t i o n t o different technologies low,only2%infruitsand coarsecereals,pulsesandwheat. commodityenhanceto vegetables.Thepresentexport Onfarmprimaryprocessingofhorticulturalproduce, levelof20%. isofprimaryprocessedgoods. spicesandcondiments,medicinalandaromaticplants Thereareuntappedpotential tosortqualityrawmaterialforvalueaddition. ofcropsofIndianoriginfor Design and development of efficient equipment valueaddition. andprocessofoilexpellingfromregularaswellas forestbasedoilseeds. Development of quick cooking Indian ethnic food itemsandsproutedgrainsandprocessfor enhancingtheirshelflife. Evaluationofcurrentstatusofkhandsariindustry and measures to improve its efficiency. Applicationofbio-technologyandnano-technology infoodprocessingforvalueadditionandpreservation Technology for extraction of oleoresins, bio flavours, bio-coloursandbioactivecompoundsfromagricultural cropsandtheirbyproducts Extractiontechnologyformedicinalandaromaticplants foressentialoilandbio-activecomponentsof commercialimportance. Development of technology for pilot scale production of fermentedbeveragesfrommilk,wheyandothersubstrates. PostHarvestManagementandvalueadditionofarid legumeslikeguargumforhigherrecoveryand

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valueaddedproducts Development of novel ready to eat extruded products from blend of coarsecerealsandotherfoodingredients. Lowtemperaturegrindingofspicesand condimentstopreservethevaluableessential ingredientsandshelflifestudies. Methods for conservation of nutrients, flavour and texturethroughhighpressureprocessingtechniques for value added products from fruits & vegetables. Development of equipment and pilot plants on ultra filtration and membrane filtration technology for liquid foods/juicesandvalueaddedproducts. Application of modern technologies such as NIRS, computertomography,mangnecticresonanceimaging, computervision,imageprocessingforprecisionquality sortingandgradingofagriculturalandfood productsfortheirpostharvestmanagement. Studiesonpollutioncontrolandworkenvironmentin agro-processingsector. Evaluationofexistingprocessingenterprisesfortheir energy use efficiency and suggesting remedial measuresforsustainablegrowthofpostharvestsector Development of technology for functional and health foods. Modernizationofpulsemillingtechnologyforimproved recoveryandreductioninpollution. Development of technology for production of potato starch and flour at pilot plant scale. Development of package of technology (mechanical andchemical)forprocessingofoilseedsofforest originanddevelopingvalueaddedproducts

3. Technology Traditionaltechnologystill Development of mobile processing unit for cereals, More entrepreneurs

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transfer, beingfollowedinPHsector. jaggery,livestock,pulses,oilseedsandmajorfruits invalueaddedproducts. entrepreneurship About80%ofwheatismilled andvegetables,andfishprocessing. The g rowth o f PHsector developmentand inindigenousmills.Thegrowth Dissemination & promotions of technologies developed should be enhanced 20% marketing in post harvest sector has at CIPHET through Entrepreneurship Development from present . More rural beenrecordedverylow Programme (EDPs). employment. (1to20%). Applicationoftechnologyincubationservicesforthe prospective entrepreneurs for confidence building andtestmarketing. HRD and training programmes on PHET for nationalandinternationalorganizations. Providingconsultancyservicestoagenciesand entrepreneursforestablishingfoodprocessing industries. Development of technologies & facilities for prototype multiplication.

4. Byproduct Untappedpotentialofhuge Development of technology and pilot plants for E f f e c t i v e a n d sustainable utilizationand biomassresources. bioethanolproductionusingcorncob,stalks, useofbiomass. wastemanagement damagedgrains,vegetablewastesandwhey. UtilizationofAgriculturalbiomassforthe productionofbiofuelthroughcatalyticconversion. Applicationofbiowasteindevelopmentof packagingmaterials. 5. Improvementof Exportshareoffruits CAandMAandultralowO2 storage for perishable More profit to the agricultural andvegetablesis goodsandsuperatmosphericO2levelsforpreservation e n t r e p r e n e u r s a n dquality structures only1.2%. offruitsandvegetablesandtheirproducts. productforexport.The

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Applicationofevaporativecoolingconceptto enhancementofexport theanimalsheltersfortheircomfort. shareby20%. Development and standarisation of pollution controlmeasuresinanimalsheltersandprocessing industries. Development of micro-processor based temperature controlstrategiesinconventionalandmoderngrain storagestructures. Development/evaluation of nano cooling technologybasedrefrigeratedstoragestructuresfor bulkandretailstorageandtransport. Development and standarisation of polyhouses foroffseasoncultivationandprocessingof horticulturalproduceincludingmedicinaland aromaticplants.

6. Biotechnology Greateremphasisongenetically Applicationofenzymetechnologyforreductionof Processandtechnology in PHT sector architectured products, use of off flavours and anti nutrients in processed foods. for value added biotechnology,largerroleof Development of novel fermented products from products. microorganismleadfoodwill coarsecerealsandpulses. callforchangeonemphasis Improvementofmicrobialstrainsforreductionin on PHET. processing time and enhanced quality of final productssuchasfruitbeverages,cheese,soysauce, tempehetc.

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1. Valueaddition Thelevelofprocessingis Processandequipmentforpre-treatment Va l u e a d d i t i o n t odifferent technologies verylow,only2%infruits ofoilseedsforhigheroilrecovery,improved c o m m o d i t y t o b eenhanced and vegetables. The present filtration and refining, higher energy efficiency to level of 40%. The exportisofprimaryprocessed formajorandminoroilseedsprocessing. enhancement of exportof goods.Thereisuntapped Development and standardization of value added products. potentialofcropsofIndian semi-automaticjaggerymanufacturingplant. originforvalueaddition. Characterizationofcommercialvarietiesof sugarcaneforproductionofhighquality jaggeryandrecovery,exploringotherplant basedsweetenersforjaggerymanufacture. Development or adoption, testing and evaluationofimprovedmechanicalextraction system/crushersforsugarcanejuice. Development of extruded products from different cerealsandotherfoodgrains. Lowtemperaturegrindingofspices andcondimentsandtheirshelflifestudies. Advancedextrusionprocessingforproducing specialtyfoodcrops. Methods for conservation of nutrients, flavour and textureofvalueaddedproductsthroughhighpressure processingtechniques. Evaluationofexistingprocessingenterprisesfor their energy use efficiency and suggesting remedial measuresforsustainablegrowthofpostharvestsector. Studiesonpollutioncontrolandworkenvironmentin agroprocessingsector. Development of technology for isolation and

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characterizationofbioactiveagentsfortheir applicationinneutraceticals/health/foods.

Minimalprocessingofhighvaluefruits & vegetables. Development of sorter based on machine vision system.

2. Improvementof Traditionalpackageofpractices CAandMAandultralowO2storageforperishable Enhancementof agricultural isbeingfollowed.Exportshare goodsandsuperatmosphericO2levelsfor shelflife. structures isonly1.2%offruitsand preservationoffruitsandvegetablesandtheir vegetables.Controlledand products. modified atmosphere packaging Applicationofevaporativecoolingconcepttothe forincreasedshelflifeof animalsheltersfortheircomfort. perishablefoodmaterialswould Development of micro-processor based temperature achievegreaterimportancein controlstrategiesinconventionalandmodern domesticaswellasexportmarket. grainstoragestructures. Development/evaluation of nano cooling technologybasedrefrigeratedstoragestructures forbulkandretailstorageandtransport.

3. Environment Areaundergreenproduction Development of environment control system A v a i l a b i l i t y o f agricultural controlfor isveryless.Improvedanimal forsurfacecoveredcultivationandstandardization produceduringoff higher andpoultryshelterswouldbe ofgreenhousedesignfordifferentagro-ecological season. productivity requiredforexploitingthehighest environment. geneticpotentials. Development of prediction models for green house environmentundervariousagro-climaticconditions Environmentalcontrolmeasurestolivestock,poultry andaquacultureproduction Development of cost effective equipment and tools topromoteaquaculture.

4. Technology Traditionaltechnologystill Development of agro-processing cluster for catering Increased transfer, beingfollowedinPHsector. torequirementsofmegacitiesonbrandedfarm ent repreneurship invalue entrepreneurship About80%ofwheatismilled products. addedproducts.The

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development inindigenousmills.Thegrowth IPRmanagementandconsultancy. growthofPHsector andmarketing inpostharvestsectorhasbeen Development of extension literature, detailed should be enhanced to recordedveryless(1to20%). manufacturingdrawings,feasibilityreports,video 40%frompresent.More film and multimedia etc on developed technologies. rural employment.

5. Byproduct Untappedpotentialofhuge Technologyforfuel-alcoholsfromagricultural Effectiveandsustainable

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1. Valueaddition Thelevelofprocessingisvery Development of milling technology for pulses for Va l u e a d d i t i o n t o different technologies low,only2%infruitsand downstreamfoodandindustrialproductsincluding commodityenhancedto vegetables.Thepresentexport useofbyproductsforhigherrecovery,energy levelof80%.The isofprimaryprocessedgoods. efficiency,andlowerdustandnoisepollution. enhancement of exportof Thereareuntappedpotential Development of pilot plants for production value added products. ofcropsofIndianoriginfor ofvalueaddedproductsincludingoleoresins valueaddition. fromsurplusandwasteproducessuchaschillies, potato,betelleaf,ginger,tomato(crush),apple, garlic,kagzilime,bananaandjackfruitetc. Optimizationofmachine,operationaland materialparametersforpreparationof traditional/ethnicfoodslikesattuanddevelopment ofpilotplants. Development of new value added products, equipmentandpilotplantsforliquidfoods/juices including use of ultra filtration and membrane filtration technology. Applicationofmoderntechnologiessuchasnear infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), computer Tomography, mangnecticresonanceimagingcomputervision, imageprocessingforprecisionpostharvest managementqualitysortingandgradingof agriculturalandfoodproduct. Technologyforextractionofoleoresins,bio flavours, bio-colour and bioactive compounds fromagro-produceandbyproducts. Fresh–cut,readytoeatcook,minimalprocessed products. Evaluationofexistingprocessingenterprises for their energy use efficiency and

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suggestingremedialmeasuresforsustainable growthofpostharvestsector. Studiesonpollutioncontrolandwork environmentinagroprocessingsector.

2. Improvement Traditionalpackageof Development of low cost cold chain transport Enhancement of shelf life ofagricultural practicesisbeingfollowed. andstorageforselectedfruitsandvegetables. and ava i lab i l i ty o fvalue structures Exportshareisonly1.2%of CA/MAandultralowO2storagefor addedproducts. fruitsandvegetables.Controlled perishablegoodsandsuperatmospheric and modified atmosphere O2levelsforpreservationoffruitsand packagingforincreased vegetables. shelflifeofperishablefood Applicationofnanotechnologicalstorage, materialswouldachievegreater intelligentpackaging,vacuumpackagingfor importanceindomesticaswell fresh,minimallyprocessandvalueadded asexportmarket. products. Transportsimulationforbulkhandling andimprovementsinpackagingmaterial.

3. Environment Areaundergreenproduction Development of low cost equipment for Cost effective green controlfor isveryless.Improvedanimal waterandnutrientsmanagementthrough houseproduction. higherproductivity andpoultryshelterswould micro-irrigationsysteminthegreenhouse. berequiredforexploitingthe Development of dryers for drying of high highestgeneticpotentials. valuecrops.

4. Livestock Theprocessinglevelis Development and adoption of tools and The enhancement of produce 6%onlyinpoultryand machineryfordressingofsmallanimals valueaddedproducts processing only1%valueadded andpoultry. fromlivestocksproduce productsfromlivestocks. Development of techniques and devices by 20%. fortransportationandhandlingofeggs and egg products, poultry and fishery. Development of canned and frozen meat, poultry and fish products.

5. Biotechnology Greateremphasison Development of technologies for production Process and technology

VISION

- 2025 - CIPH

ET PERSPEC

TIVE PLAN


N - 2025 - C

IPHET PER

SPECTIVE PLA

N


inPHTsector geneticallyarchitectured offoodadditivesuchasbiocoloursand forvalueaddedproducts. products, use of bioflavours through microbial fermetation biotechnology,largerrole andtheirextractionusingchromatographic ofmicroorganismlead andelutiontechniquesandincludingstudies food will call for change on flavor encapsulation. onemphasisonPHET. Optimizationofparametersforcommercial productionofAgriculturallyImportant Enzymessuchasglucoamylase,cellulases, xylanases,pectinaesandproteasesboth throughsolidstateandsubmergedfermentation anduseofbiotechnologicaltoolstoimprove theiractivity.

6. Technology Traditionaltechnology Database generation on equipment, processes Increased transfer, stillbeingfollowedinPH manufactures,codesandstandardsandproject entrepreneurshipfor entrepreneurship sector. About 80% of files and impact assessment studies. value added products. developmentand wheatismilledinindigenous Valueadditioninhumancapitalthrough ThegrowthofPHsector marketing mills.Thegrowthinpost knowledgeenhancementoffarmproducers, shouldbeenhanced80% harvestsectorhasbeen scientistsandentrepreneursandextension frompresent.Morerural recorded very less (1 to 20%). field officials. employment. Liaisoning with industries, financial institutions, Govt. line departments, National and International Agenciesforsharingofknowledgeandinfrastructure andTOT. Establishmentofprototypedesignand manufacturing using CAD, CAM for commercialization, resourcegenerationanduserfriendlyandsafetechnology.

7. Byproduct Untappedpotentialof Moderntechniquesforconversionofbiomassinto Effectiveandsustainable utilizationand hugebiomassresources. fueloils useofbiomass.

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10. AiCRP on PHT

10.1 MandateTo develop location and crop/commodity specific post harvest technologies for minimization

ofquantitativeandqualitativelossestoproduceinagricultureandalliedsectors.

Toadaptanddevelopimprovedpostharvestprocessesandequipmentforvalueadditiontootherfarmproduceatruralthresholdforhigherincomeandgenerationofruralemployment.

To develop processes and equipment for economic utilization on bio-wastes and by-products.

To conduct operational research and multi-location trials on developed technologies toidentify technical, financial, managerial and social constraints for better market acceptability totechnologies.

Toestablishneedbasedagro-processingcentres.

To assess, refine and transfer proven technologies.

10.2 ObjectivesTostudytheprevailingpostharvestpracticesandidentifyunitoperations,equipmentandtheir

componentsthatneedimprovementorsubstitution,adequacyandinadequacyoftheprevailingpractices.

Todevelopandadopt farm levelcleaners,gradersanddryers forcereals,pulses,oilseeds,plantation crops, tubers, other field crops, livestock produce and fish.

Todevelopsimpleprocesses,lowcostequipmentandpilotplantsforfarm/villagelevelprocessingoffoodgrains,oilseedsandothercropsforruralconsumption,aswellassellingvalueaddedproductstosemi-urbanandurbanareasforbettereconomicreturns.

Todevelopsimpleprocessesandequipmentatfarm/villagelevelforbettereconomicutilizationof bio-wastes and by-products as food/feed/fuel etc. for increasing profitability of the commodity andincomeofthefarmer.

Toundertakestudiesontechnicalfeasibilityandeconomicviabilityofonfarm/villagelevelprocessingindustriesandotherenterprises.

To field evaluate laboratory proven technologies and carry out operational research trials on thedevelopedtechnologiesforvillagestoidentifytechnical,managerialandsocialconstraintsandtakeremedialmeasuresbeforereleasingforpopularization.

Facilitatingcreatingofpostharvesttechnologyconsciousnessandtransferofproventechnologiesinselectedvillagesandmonitoringitseffectsoneconomicsandsocialdevelopment.


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Togenerateincomeandemploymentinruralareasthroughadoptionofproventechnologiesandequipmentthroughestablishingagro-processingcentres.

10.3 Thrust Areas for R&D1. Adoption/developmentofneedbased,demanddriventechnologiesforreductioninpostharvest

lossestoproduceinagricultureandalliedsectors.

2. Development of need based agro-processing centres in production catchments.

3. Prototypeproduction,commercializationoftechnologiesandTOT.

4. Trainingofgrowers,researchers,extensionworkersandindustryworkers.

5. Environmentalup-gradationinprocessingindustriesandworkerssafety.

6. Technology refinement, multi-location trials and commercialization.

7. Improvementintheworkenvironmentinagroprocessingindustries

8. Foodqualityandsafetyanalysis

9. Prototypeproductionfacilitiesformassmultiplication.

10. Entrepreneurshipdevelopment trainingprogrammes forentrepreneurs,womenruralyouth,farmersetcincludingthetribalareas.

11. Study of prevalent processes and equipment used for jaggery & khandsari from sugarcane, palmandsweetsorghum.

12. Characterizationofcommercialsugarcanevarietiesforqualityjaggery.

13. Development and adoption of improved mechanical crusher (s) for higher (above 70%) juice recovery.

14. Development/adoption and evaluation of energy efficient improved furnace(s) and concentration pansandtheirmultilocationtrial.

15. Development of mechanical filters and popularization of herbal clarificants in jaggery manufacturing.

10.4 Centres of PHT1. Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra)

2. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (Karnataka)

3. Acharya N. G. Ranga Agriculture University, Bapatla (Andhra Pradesh)

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4. Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneshwar (Orissa)

5. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)

6. Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad (Uttar Pradesh)

7. Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh)

8. AssamAgriculturalUniversity(Jorhat(Assam)

9. JunagadhAgriculturalUniversity(Junagadh(Gujarat)

10. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (West Bengal)

11. PunjabAgriculturalUniversity,Ludhiana(Punjab)

12. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttaranchal)

13. RajendraAgriculturalUniversity,Pusa(Bihar)

14. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur (Chattisgarh)

15. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Srinagar (J&K)

16. MaharanaPratapAgriculturalUniversity,Udaipur(Rajasthan)

17. AligarhMuslimUniversity,Aligarh(UttarPradesh)

18. CCSHaryanaAgriculturalUniversity,Hisar(Haryana)

19. Kerala Agricultural University, Tavanur (Kerala)

20. Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP)

21. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai (Tamil Nadu)

22. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Durgapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan)

23. West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata (West Bengal)

24. University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur (Karnataka)

25. Regional Sugarcane & Jaggery Research Station, Kolhapur (Maharashtra)

26. AssamAgriculturalUniversity,Buralikson(Assam)

27. RegionalAgriculturalResearchStation,Anakapalle(AndhraPradesh)

28. VivekanandParvartiyakrishiAnusandhanshala,Almora(Uttaranchal)

29. CentralInstituteofAgriculturalEngineering,Bhopal(MadhyaPradesh)

30. CentralAridZoneResearchInstitute,Jodhpur(Rajasthan)

31. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod (Kerala)

32. Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, (Kerala)

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33. IndianInstituteofSugarcaneResearch,Lucknow(UP)

Strengthening New Centres with equipment and other facilities

1. AligarhMuslimUniversity,Aligarh

2. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

3. CCSHaryanaAgriculturalUniversity,Hisar

4. Y. S. Parmer University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan

5. Tamil Nadu Vetennary & Animal Sciences University, Chennai

6. RajasthanAgriculturalUniversity,Bikaner

7. West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata

8. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

Up-gradation of FTE centres and sub-centres to R&D centres

ANGRAU, Bapatla

NDUAT, Faizabad

RAU,Pusa

AAU, Khanapara

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Proposed New CentresName of Centre Crops/Animals/FisheriesCentralAgriculturalUniversity, Fruits andVegetables (Apple, Plum, Peach, Citrus,Guava,College of Agril Engg & PHT, Ginger, Peas, Large cardamom), Medicinal herbs andGangtok (Sikkim) exportable flowers

GAU,Anand(Gujarat) Milkprocessing,productdevelopment,medicinaland aromaticplants

BSKKV, Dapoli (Maharashtra) Horticulture and allied products

IndianAgriculturalResearch Fruits,VegetablesandCerealsInstitute,Division of PHT, New Delhi

SKUAS&T, Jammu (J&K) Oilseeds, floriculture & fruits

ICARComplex,Barapani(Meghalaya) Oilseeds,gingerandhorticulture

NERIST, Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh) Pineapple, paddy, bamboo

UBKV, Coach Bihar (WB) Paddy, pineapple, potato, vegetables

BirsaAgril.Univ.,Ranchi(Jharkhand) Lac,riceandpulses

DRR, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) Paddy processing, by-product utilization

DWR, Karnal (Haryana) Wheat and value added products

CSAUA&T, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) Mango, guava, papaya, medicinal plant, cereals

CSKKV, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh) Rice, vegetables, floriculture

Annamalai University Annamalai (Tamil Nadu)

PanjabUniversityChandigarh(Punjab)

Development of AiCRP on PHT centres as core/lead centreUAS,BangaloreTNAU, CoimbatorePDKV, AkolaOUA&T, BhuabaneswarJAU,JunagadhGBPUA&T, Pantnagar TNVASU, ChennaiAAU, Jorhat, KhanaparaWBUA&FS, Kolkata These centres would be upgraded for training & human resources development, computer aided design (CAD), design of equipment and prototype.

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10.5 Brief Research AchievementsNo. Centre Technology Status Commercialized / Transferred

1. PDKV 1. PKV mini dal mill Commercialized Akola 2. PKV chilli seed extractor Commercialized

2. VPKAS 1. Vivek thresher-cum-pearler Commercialized Almora

3. RARS 1. Preparationofcanejaggery Commercialized Anakapalle cubes/blocks 2. Processforjaggeryofimproved Technologytransferredto qualityfromimmature,overaged, jaggeryfarmers/processors scaleinfestedanddroughtaffected canejuice 3. Double grating Anakapalle jaggery Technology transferred to furnace for increased heat use efficiency jaggery farmers/processors4. UAS 1. 2-in-1Maizesheller-cum- Commercialized Bangalore Sunflower thresher 2. Arecanutdehusker Commercialized 3. 3-in-1miniGroundnutdecorticator, Commercialized Sunflower thresher and Maize sheller 4. Pedaloperatedcoconutdehusker Commercialized

5. CIAE 1. Multipurposegrainmill Commercialized Bhopal 2. PedalcumPoweroperatedgrain Commercialized cleaner 3. CIAE Dhall mill Commercialized 4. Groundnutdecorticator,handoperated Commercialized 5. Solarcabinetdryerforvegetables Commercialized

6. OUAT 1. OsmodehydratedPineapple Commercialized Bhubaneswar slices/ringsandtidbit

7. TNAU 1. House hold insect trap Commercialized Coimbatore 2. FourRollerSugarcaneCrusher Commercialized 3. BottlingofSugarcanejuice Commercialized 4. Householdpaddyparboilingunit Commercialized 5. Mini Dahl Mill Commercialized

8. AAU 1.Valueaddedproductsfromginger Technologytransferredto Jorhat someSHGs

9. JAU 1. FeedBlockMaking Technologytransferredtosome Junagadh Machine NGOs and Farmers 2. Cleaner-cum-Graderfor Technologytransferredtosome Cumin NGOs and Farmers 3. On-FarmFruitGrader Technologytransferredtosome NGOs and Farmers 4. Agriculture wastes-fired dryer for Technology transferred to some Red Chillies NGOs and Farmers

10. CPCRI 1. Development of Shell fired Copra Technology t ransfer red to farmer- Kasargod Dryer cum-processors

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2. Processforproductionofcoconut Commercialized chips 3. Productionofsnowballtendernut Commercialized 4. Design of solar cum electrical dryer Technology transferred to with biofuel as third source of energy Kerala Agro Industries Corps

11. IIT 1. Grain puffing machine Commercialized Kharagpur 2. Bamboo Cement Bin Commercialized (forpaddystorage) 3. Recirculatorytraydryer Commercialized 4. Dehydrated vegetables Commercialized 5. RipeBaeldrinkandUnripemangodrinkCommercialized12. RS&JRS 1. Liquid Jaggery Production Technology transferred to farmer- Kolhapur Process cum-processors 2. Modified Electronic / Digital Technology transferred to Thermometertoindicatethe farmer-cum- strikingpointtemperature processors 3. Churnerfordefrothing Technology transferred tofarmer- duringjaggerymaking cum-processors 4. ModifiedHardnesstester Technology transferred tofarmer- forsolidjaggery cum-processors 5. CaneJuiceBoilingPan Technology transferred tofarmer- cum-processors

13. IISR 1. Drying-cum-storage bin for jaggery Commercialized Lucknow

14. PAU 1. Single Drum Rotary Screen Commercialized Ludhiana GrainPre-cleaner 2. Farmlevelfruitandvegetable Commercialized washingmachine

15. GBPUAT 1. Pantnagar Mini Dhal Mill Commercialized Pantnagar

16. YSPUH&F 1. Technology for extraction of Commercialized Solan kerneloilfromapricotstones/seeds

17. CTCRI 1. Handoperatedcassava Commercialized Trivandrum chippingmachine 2. Cassavarasper Commercialized 3. Motorisedchippingmachine Technologytransferredto entrepreneurs 4. Peelingknife Technologytransferredto entrepreneurs

18. MPUAT 1. Maizedehuskersheller Commercialized Udaipur 2. Garlicbulbbreaker Commercialized 3. Processtechnologyfor Commercialized Garlic flakes & powder 4. Technologyforgingerand Technology transferred to

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Inadditiontothese,AgroProcessingCentres(APC)arebeingestablishedandmonitoredby several AICRP on PHT centres, viz. CIAE Bhopal, TNAU Coimbatore, PAU Ludhiana, PKV Akola, UAS Bangalore, MPUAT Udaipur, JAU Junagadh, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, OUAT Bhubaneswar and ANGRAU, Bapatla

On the recommendations ofParliamentaryStandingCommittee, a nation-wide concurrentsurveyhasbeenundertakenbyallthecentresofAICRPonPHTfortheAssessmentofthePostHarvestLossesofCropsandCommodities.Thisworkcovers42majorcrops/commoditiesinabout120districts(1200villages)spreadover14agro-climaticzones.Mostofthecentreshavemadesatisfactoryprogressincompleteenumerationofselectedvillages,selectionoffarmers,selectionofdifferentchannelsofpost-harvestoperationandcollectionofdatabyenquiryaswellasbyactualobservation through statistically valid methodology. Data entry, scrutiny and analysis are being

Ourcentreshavesofarcommercialized31technologies,transferred16technologiestofarmer–processors-entrepreneursandhaveanother65technologiesreadyforcommercialization.


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10.6 Human Resource Development of AiCRP on PHTS.No Area Discipline/Project No. of

scientists

1. Storage of cereals / oilseeds / pulses AS&PE/Agri. Entomology 32. Milling of food grains and oilseeds AS&PE/Chem.Engg. 53. Packaging technology AS&PE /FS&T/Horticulture 24. Food Technology AS&PE/F&N/FS&T 25. Drying of food grains AS&PE/Chem. Engg. vegetables/fruits6. By-products utilization AS&PE/Biotechnology/ 4 Microbiology/Biochemistry7. Post Harvest Technology of AS&PE/Horticulture 2 Plantation/TuberCrops.8. Livestock produce processing AS&PE/ FS&T 5 /Microbiology/Biochemistry9. InformationTechnology Computer Applicationsin 5 Agriculture/otherdisciplines10. W/Stechnology(Advancesin Workshopstaff 4 turning / fitting / welding/ milling /heattreatment)11. Laboratorypractice/techniques Lab.Staff 512. ComputerApplications Admn staff 15 i) Word processing, Database ii)Accounting iii)Operatingsystems

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11. AiCRP on APA

11.1 Mandate Themandateoftheprojectistodevelopplasticulturetechnologieswithmajoremphasistosurface covered cultivation techniques, packaging, storage, transportation,water conservationtechniques in agriculture, and appropriate technology for aquaculture / inland fisheries sector. It also envisages the field evaluation and operational research of well proven technologies to transfer theperfectedtechnicalknowhowtofarmersandentrepreneurs.

11.2 ObjectivesThe specific objectives are as follows:

To study adaptability of different plasticmaterials for various applications in agriculturalproductionandpostharvestactivities.

Toidentifynewerareasofplasticapplicationswhichwilladd to thequalityofproductionandenhancetheproductivityusingtheavailableresourcesandtodevelopfurther,appropriatetechnologiessuitedtodifferentsectionsofthesociety.

Topreparematerialsforinformationdisseminationandtransferofproventechnologies.

Toorganize short-term trainingprograms for extensionworkers, technicians, farmers andresearch workers engaged in the field of plasticulture.

Tocarryoutoperationalresearchonlaboratoryproventechnologiesandtomodifythemtoacclimatizedparticularagro-climaticconditions.

Toliaisewithplasticindustrypromotingapplicationsofplasticsinagriculture.

Toprovideconsultancyservicestousersaswellasagenciespromotingplasticulture.

11.3 Thrust Areas for R&D Theresearchprogrammesofallthecooperatingcenterswerethoroughlydiscussedandwereassignedtoindividualcenters.Thefollowingemergedasmajorthrustareas:

i) Technology for environment control structures & surface covered cultivation

ii) Plastics technology for preservation, packaging, handling and storage ofAgriculturalproduce.

iii) Adoption of plastics for aquaculture engineering &fish packaging.

iv) WaterHarvesting,storageandconveyancesystem

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v) Technologyforpressurisedirrigationsystems.

vi) Alternatematerialforagriculturalmachines/equipment

vii) Human Resource Development for Plasticulture.

viii) Liaison with industry &Advisory Services.

11.4 Centres of APA PC unit at Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering andTechnology (CIPHET),Ludhiana.

Cooperating centersi) CentralInstituteofPostHarvestEngineeringandTechnology(CIPHET),Abohar(Punjab)ii) PunjabAgriculturalUniversityLudhiana(Punjab)iii) Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Shala (VPKAS), Almora (Uttranchal)iv) CentralInstituteofFreshwaterAquaculture(CIFA),Bhubaneswar(Orissa)v) Choudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya(CSKHPKV), Palampur

(HimachalPradesh)vi) ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam - 793 103 (Barapani) (Meghalaya)vii) Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences & Technology Srinagar (J&K)viii)BirsaAgriculturalUniversityRanchi(Jharkhand)

ix) JunagadhAgriculturalUniversityJunagadh(Gujarat)

STRENgTHENiNg OF CORE CENTRES CIPHET

CIFA

ICAR Campus for NEH Region

Proposed New Centres

PDKV, Akola(MH)

CIAE,Bhopal(MP)

TNAU, Coimbatore (TN)

UAS, Bangalore(KARNATAKA)

11.5 Brief Research Achievements1) Design and fabrication of Portable carp hatchery for commercial seed production2) Development of plastic made low cost devices for freshwater fish culture a) Floating cages for commercial fish culture made up of

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i) HDPE ii)FRP b) Translucent FRP pools for fish rearing c) Seed rearing tubs for catfish culture d) ClosedLoopWaterFiltrationUnitforAquarium e) FRP Transportation tank for live fishes f) Openenclosurebreedingsystemforcarps3) Technique for fish culture during low temperatures using polyhouse 4) Design of low cost bamboo green house for off-season vegetable production in hills5) Assessmentofcultivarsandagronomicpracticesforeconomicuseofgreenhousespacefor

nurseryvegetableproduction.6) Design and assessment of plastic hoppers for multi-crop planters7) Development of Orifice meter for fertigation8) Lowcostdesignsforliningofsmallwatertanksinuplandsofmid-hills9) Development of low cost filter 10) Design of microtube based gravity fed drip irrigation for hilly terraces.11) Technologies for efficient use of precious water resources in uplands using drips / pipe

irrigations.12) Assessmentofplasticmulching(includingbiodegradableplastic)forvegetable/fruit

production

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13) Development of plastic thermocole beehives

The adoptionof plasticmaterial provides anopportunity to develop equipments/ systems/structures of great importance as far as quality production and high value crop aquacultureprogrammesareconcerned.Todevelopallthesegadgetsengineeringskillsarerequiredindesigningvariousstructuresofgreenhouse,lowtunnels,systemsforwatermanagementi.e.dripirrigationsystemandother appliances. Also, efforts are required to standardize these equipments undervariousagro-climaticconditionsandindevelopingenvironmentalcontrolmeasures.Theagricultureproducecanonlyfetchhigherpriceseitherfordomesticuseinthecountryoratexportslevel,whenanintegratedapproachandrelevanttechnologyareusedatpre-harvestandpost-harvesttechnologylevels. Atpresent,greatemphasishasbeen laid todeveloppost-harvest technologyofstorage,


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11.6 Human Resource Development and Transfer of Technology Plan of AiCRP on APAS. No. No. of Persons Area of training Institute where training will be given

A. National1 5 Greenhousetechnology IARI,JainIrrigation,Indo (environmentalcontrol/ American designofstructure)2 3 Plasticpackagingfor IndianPlasticsInstitute, agriculturalproduce CFTRI3 3 EnvironmentalStudyfor CIPHET Agro-ProcessingIndustrySub Total 11

B. International1 3 Coveredcropcultivation InstituteofBeltsvilleAgricultural greenhouse,lowtunnels ResearchCentre,Maryland, U.S.A.2 2 Controlledatmosphere OhioAgriculturalResearchand storage and Packaging of Development Centre, Wooster of fruitsandvegetables theOhioStateUniversity, U.S.A.3 1 AquacultureEngineering InstituteofAgriculture Engineering, Silso, U.K.4 2 Bio-environmental UniversityofIllinois(U.S.A) EngineeringSub Total 8

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12. Linkages, coordination and execution arrangements Interdisciplinarylinkageswithintheinstitute,sisterICARInstitutes,SAUs,CSIRlaboratories,otherresearchorganizationsinthecountryandabroad,farmers,manufacturers,processors,tradesector,BISanddevelopmentalagencieswouldberequiredtobedevelopedandstrengthened.

A. WiTHiN THE COUNTRY

(a) With other Ministries / department at Central / State levels1. Post harvest loss reduction technologies FCI, CWC, MFPI, NHB, NDDB, NHRDF, 2. Value addition technology DFRL, TMO&P, NOVOD Board, MNES, HBTI,

NRCM3. Improvement of agricultural structures IGMRI, Hapur & Ludhiana, FCI, CWC, SLIET,

Punjab Warehousing Corporation, NHB, NAFD, NHRDF, BARC, IGMRI, MFPI., CDRI, ICT Hyderabad.

4. Environmental control for higher Department of Science & Technology, Ministry of

productivity Food Processing Industries, DRDO, MPEDA, APEDA

5. Livestockproduceprocessing MinistryofFoodProcessing,MOA,6. Technology transfer, entrepreneurship MOA, NHB, MFPI, MHRD, NABARD, State development and marketing Governments, MARKFED, TRIFED, IIM

Ahemdabad(b) With sister organizations1. Postharvestlossreductiontechnologies CIAE,IARI,CFTRI,IITs,IASRI,IIPR,2. Value addition technology IIT, Kharagpur, IITs, RRLs, IIVR, ILRI, IIP, CFTRI,

PHTS Centres, NRC Seed Spices, Ajmer, CPRI, Shimla DRR, Hyderabad

3. Improvementofagriculturalstructures CIAE,Bhopal,CPRI,CIRB,CIRG,IARI,CARI4. Environmentalcontrolforhigher IVRI,CARI,IARI,CPCP,AICRPonPHT,IIT, productivity Kharagpur, IIHR, CSSRI, CSWR&TI5. Livestock produce processing IVRI, CIRG, CARI, NRCM, CIFT, NDRI6. Technology transfer, entrepreneurship SISI, AICRPs on PHTS and APA, CIAE, KVIC, development and marketing NRDC.(c) With state agricultural universities1. Postharvestlossreductiontechnologies ConcernedSAUs2. Valueadditiontechnology ConcernedSAUs3. Improvementofagriculturalstructures ConcernedSAUs4. Environmentalcontrolforhigherproductivity ConcernedSAUs5. Livestockproduceprocessing ConcernedSAUs6. Technologytransfer,entrepreneurship AllSAUs developmentandmarketing(d) With Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)1. Post harvest loss reduction technologies M/s Shirke Structural Industries, Pune, NIJJER

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Agro,PepsiFoods,ITC2. Valueadditiontechnology PIL,Akola,HindAgro, JainFood,HLL,Cargil,

AllanaFoods,VenketsawaraHatcheries3. Improvementofagriculturalstructures M/sJainIrrigation,Jalgaon,4. Environmentalcontrolforhigherproductivity HindAgro,BAIF5. Livestockproduceprocessing HindAgro,6. Technology transfer, entrepreneurship KVKs (under NGO), State Consultancy development and marketing Organizations, SFAC, NAIM, Jaipur7. Post harvest management Grain mandies, F&V marketsB. INTERNATIONAL1. Storage & bulk handling systems Name of Institutes/Organization will be decided

after2. Coveredcropcultivation corresponding interacting with concerned

institutes3. Floriculture intheparticularcountryundertheauspicesof4. Processing of fruits and vegetables DARE/ICAR.5. Feedsandfodders6. Modified Atmosphere Packaging and StorageofPerishableFoodProducts7. Ricemilling8. Wheatmilling9. AdvancedExtrusionProcessing Technology10. Handling,storageandmarketingoffresh agrocommodities11. Soya & other oilseed products12 Advancetechnologiesforextractionof oils,oleoresins,biocoloursandbioactive compoundsfromagro-produceand by-products13 Processingofhorticulturalproducts.14. Handling & processing of livestock products and fisheries15. Biotechnologyinfoodprocessing16. Technologyforrapiddetectionand controlofbio-toxins,chemical contaminantsandheavymetalsin

Toachieveitsgoal,theproposedprogrammewillbeexecutedbytheteamoflearnedscientistsinCIPHETalongwithitsAICRPsincollaborationwithvariousnationalandinternationalorganizations.CIPHEThasbeendevelopingco-operationwithother institute andUniversities inpostharvestsector.Allstakeholderswouldbeinvolvedasapartnerintheprogramme.Agroprocessingclusterfor post harvest technology incubationwill be developed for effective transfer of technologyandentrepreneurshipdevelopment.AllprogrammeswillbecoordinatedbyCIPHETthroughitsestablishedlinkageswithorganizationsandusersoftechnology.

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13. Critical inputs13.1 FundsThe requirement of funds for CIPHET for consecutive five year plan up to 2025 is described below intable5.

Table 5: Proposed budget of CiPHET for the Xi-XiV Five-Year Plans (Rs. Lakh)

Head XI XII XIII XIV TotalCIPHET (2022-2025)

A. Recurring Pay & Allowances 100 150 200 150 600TA 60 90 120 90 360HRD 30 50 100 90 270Contingencies 500 700 800 600 2600Total (A) 690 990 1120 930 3730

B. Non-Recurring Equipment 700 1000 1000 500 3200Works 500 300 500 400 1700Library 70 80 100 70 320Total (B) 1270 1380 1600 970 5220

Total (CIPHET) 1960 2370 2720 1900 8950AICRP on PHT 8290 9950 11940 7880 38060AICRP on APA 415 472 545 375 1807Grand Total 10665 12792 15205 10155 48817

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Table 6: Additional Manpower Requirement to meet the ratio of 1:2:3 among PS: SS: S

Discipline Scientist Senior Principal Total Scientist Scientist

AS&PE 6 4 1 11FMP - 1 1 2Food Nutrition 1 - - 1Microbiology(Agri) 1 - - 1MechanicalEngineering 1 - - 1AgriculturalEconomics - 1 - 1PlantPathology 1 - - 1CivilEngineering 1 - - 1AgriculturalStatistics 1 1 - 2FoodScienceandTechnology 2 1 1 4LivestockProductionTechnology 1 1 - 2Biochemistry 2 1 - 3AgrilExtension 1 1 - 2Biotechnology(Plantscience) - 1 - 1AquacultureEngg 2 1 - 3Fisheriestechnology 1 1 - 2Total 21 14 3 38

13.2 Personnel To achieved envisaged vision following addition scientific man power will be required.

VISION

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11.3 Human resource developmentHuman Resource Development Training of Scientists in priority areas of technology of CiPHET

S. No Area Discipline/Project No. of scientists 1. Storage of cereals / oilseeds / pulses AS&PE/Agri. Entomology 9 2. Handling of cereals / oilseeds / pulses AS&PE/Chem.Engg. 9 3. Milling of food grains and oilseeds AS&PE/Chem.Engg. 10 4. Packaging technology AS&PE /Horticulture 6 5. Drying of food grains vegetables / fruits AS&PE/FST 6. By-products utilization AS&PE/FMP/Microbiology/Biochemistry 12 7. Processing of spices and condiments AS&PE/FMP 6 8. Post Harvest Technology of Plantation Crops. AS&PE/Horticulture 3 9. Computer aided design AS&PE/Elect. & Instt./FMP / Mech.Engg. 20 10. Testing of post harvest equipment AS&PE/FMP 15 11. IndustrySimulationandPolicyanalysis Alldisciplines 20 12. FruitsandVegetablePathology PlantPathology 3 13. Electronic instruments Elec. & Instn./AS&PE/FMP 6 14. Instrumentation & control for data collection Elec. & Instn./FMP 6 15. InformationTechnology ComputerApplicationsinAgriculture/ 15 otherdisciplines 16. Livestock Produce Processing AS&PE/LPT 15 17. Statistical Design for Agric. Research All discipline 6 18. Soil & water Management SWE 3 19. Biological control of insect pests & weeds Agronomy 3 20. Quality Control & World Food Standards AS&PE/ Bio-chemistry / FST 3 Foodanalysis 21. W/Stechnology(Advancesinturning/ Workshopstaff 12 fitting / welding/ milling / heat treatment)

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N - 2025 - C

IPHET PER

SPECTIVE PLA

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22. Operation & Maintenance of equipment Workshop Staff / Lab. Staff. 12 (eg.Transformer/electricalswitchgear/pumps/ motors/generatorsetc.) 23. CAD & CAM Mech., Engg/FMP., Technical staff 6 24. W/SMetallurgy Workshopstaff 6 25. Laboratorypractice/techniques Lab.Staff 15 26. Instrumentation techniques Workshop staff & lab staff 15 27. ComputerApplications Tech.,Administrativestaff 30 i)Wordprocessing ii)Accounting iii)Operatingsystems 28. AdministrativeProcedures Admn.Staff 15 29. Procurement/FinancialManagement/ Admn.Staff 12 PersonnelManagementNote: The name of institutes and course duration will be finalized after due discussion/correspondence/approval.56


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14. Risk analysis TheresearchstrategyofCIPHETwillbedirectedtowardsPostharvestandvalueadditioninagricultural produces including livestock and fisheries, which is well known to have uncertainties duetoitsdiversityrequirement.Thefollowingrisksareassociatedinachievingenvisagedvision.

Shrinkingingovernmentfundingandconstraintinrecruitments.Theimplementationofvisionprogrammewoulddependonavailabilityofmultidisciplinarymanpowerandadequatefundsupport.Whilelatterhadbeenwellsupportedbycouncil,theformerevenremainedaconstraint.Scientific manpower non-availability can affect realization the vision

Commercialization of post harvest and value addition technologywould depends on thequalityrawmaterial,pricebehaviorwhichwouldbeguidedbymarketingandclimate/weatherfactors.

AcceptabilityofprocessedandvalueaddedproductsamongtheIndianconsumersoverfreshproducts

Stiffcompetitionfromforeigntechnologiesforprocessedandvalueaddedproductsamongpotentialentrepreneursandexistingprocessingindustry.

Inconsistentsupplyofqualityrawmaterialforvalueaddedproducts.

Variableproductionandproductivityduetochangeinenvironment

Disparity in consumption pattern in Indian population.

15. Project review, reporting and evaluation arrangement All the research projects to be undertaken at CIPHET would be need based. Profile of the purchasers and users of the technology will be required to be developed through extensive fields studies.About80percentoftheresearchprojectswillbeproblemsolvinginnature.However,in20percentcases,projectswillneedtobetakeninfrontierareasoftechnologysupportedbyin-depthreviewofliteratureandstructureddiscussionwithexperts.ActivitymilestonesinalltheprojectswillberequiredtobedevelopedontimescaleandrepresentedthroughPERTchart.

Matrix mode would be used for management of research projects. During the Perspective Plan: Vision2025,followingwouldbethemajorprogrammes:

Postharvesttechnologiesforlossreduction

Valueadditiontechnologies

Technologytransfer,entrepreneurshipdevelopmentandmarketing

ByproductutilizationandWastemanagement

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Improvementofagriculturalstructures

BiotechnologyinPHTsector

Environmentcontrolforhigherproductivity

Livestockproduceprocessing

Hence,projectsandsub-projectswouldbeundertakenundertheseprogrammes.Projectbasedbudgetingisenvisagedforeffectivesupporttoprogrammes,theirmonitoringandcontrolasenvisagedbytheICAR.

TheprogressoftheprojectswillbereviewedandevaluatedperiodicallybyrespectiveheadsofDivisions and Director through review meetings. It will also be reviewed by the Institute Research Council, Institute Management Committee, Research Advisory Committee and higher officials of theICAR.Long-termreviewswouldbeundertakenbytheQuinquennialReviewTeamandSocialAuditteamsconstitutedbytheCouncilfromtimetotime.

16. Resource generation In addition to the financial support from ICAR, the Institute would endeavour to generate part of itsfundsrequirementthroughitsownefforts.Itisenvisagedthatbytheyear2025,CIPHETwouldbeabletogenerate15-20percentofitsannualbudgetthroughsaleoftechnicalservices,consultanciesandcontractservicesforprocessprotocol,productandmachinerydevelopment.Importantoneshavebeendescribedbelow.

Technical Services

Testing Facilities

CIPHET would have a wide ranging scientific instruments, equipment and offer referral lab facilitiesfortestingofavarietyoffoodmaterials,agriculturalproductsandforprocessingmachinery.These facilities besides their use in R&D, would also be available to private parties, processors, manufacturers, researchers fromdifferent Institute/Universities for testingof theirproducts andmachineryagainstpaymentoftestcharges.CIPHETwillhaveaTestingCellforsuchwork.

Project Feasibility Reports With multi-disciplinary team of scientific and technical experts at its disposal, CIPHET would bewellequippedtodevelopprojectfeasibilityreportsindifferentareasofpostharvestengineeringandprocessingtechnologies.Theexpertisewouldbeavailabletogovernmentorganizations,privateentrepreneursandoverseasclientsonpaymentofcharges.

Training

CIPHETwouldorganize trainings at national aswell as international level.Thesewill beorganizedtoimprovetheskillsofscientists,teachers,researchers,managers,technicians,extensionworkersandindividuals.Itwouldincludetrainingonadvancedanalyticaltechniques,computeraided

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design,operationandmaintenanceofprocessingmachinery,advancedcoursesonprocessingofcereals,pulses,oilseeds,horticulturalproduceandothercrops.TheInstitutealsoproposestoinitiatetechnology based entrepreneurship development programmes based on R & D results obtained at CIPHET.

Consultancy Services and Contract Research

Consultancyserviceswillbeavailabletogovernmentorganizations,privateparties/industryandtoforeignagenciesonpaymentbasis.Thesewouldincludeperformanceauditingofexistingorganizations andprocessingplants, re-engineering, demand assessment, product development,packaging,preparationofpromotionalmaterial,designofnewmachinery,processes,processplants,foodplantsanitation,installationofqualitycontrolprocedures,wastetreatment/recyclingandsoon. In case the need is for taking up short term R&D projects in the above areas, these would be acceptedatascontractresearch.

Technology incubation Centre in Agro Processing Clusters

ThefacilityofpilotplantswillbeopenedtoCIPHETtrainedentrepreneursorclientslicencedwithCIPHETtechnologies,sothattheycanproducethevalueaddedproductsandfortestmarketingand also till the confidence is built to make the enterprise sustainable.

Hardware Technologies and Materials

Materials, Processed Products and Machinery

EffortswouldbemadetoutilizeallthelandavailabletotheInstituteforgrowinghighvaluecrops and generate adequate resources through sale of nursery, cut-flowers, fruits, HYV seeds value addedproductsandsoon.Pilotplantsandagro-processingcentreintheInstitutewouldalsobeutilizedforprocessingofagriculturalmaterialsintovalueaddedproductsforsale.TheInstitutewouldalsogenerateabout5percentofitsbudgetthroughsaleofimprovedprocessingmachinerytoprivateentrepreneurs,governmentagencies,universitiesandforeignagencies.

Literature and Drawings

TechnicalbulletinsandotherliteraturepublishedbyCIPHETwouldbeavailableonsale.Thiswouldaddtotheresourcegenerationforsustainingitsdevelopmentactivities.Also,manufacturingdrawingsofvariousimprovedpostharvestprocessingmachineswouldbeavailableoncostbasistotheinterestedpartiesformassmanufacturing.

Others

TheInstitutewouldutilizeopportunitiesforresourcegenerationthroughvariousothersourcesaswell.ThesemayincluderevolvingfundschemeofICAR,saleofpatents,hiringoutsomeofthespaceforcanteenandtobankinthecampus,guesthousefacilities,royaltiesonbooks,entryfeeforPostHarvestEngineeringandTechnologyIndustrialPark,registrationfeeforspecialseminarsandconferences,feeforuseofspecializedpackagesoncomputerandsoon.

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17. OutputPackageofpracticesforminimalprocessingoffruitsandvegetablesatfarmers’level.

Processes and pilot plants for development of nutritious value added end products fromagriculturalproduceandbyproducts.

Food processing incubation center for hands on training for development of confidence in entrepreneurs.

Technologyforsafestorageoffoodgrainsandcoolchainforfruitsandvegetablesandmarineproducts.

Increasedproductionofprocessablevarietyofgrain,fruitsandvegetables.

Theprotocols/methodfornondestructivedeterminationofinternalqualityoffruits.

Value added novel products from meat, poultry and fisheries.

HighqualityIndianethnicreadytocookandreadytoeatfoodproducts.

Application protocol for plant based enzymes for reduction in off flavour, anti nutritional factors andforuseofpretreatmentforhigherrecoveryintheprocessingofpulsesandoilseeds.

Pilotplantsofproductionofenzymesforfoodprocessingapplications.

TestingprotocolsforevaluationofqualityofprocessedGMfoods.

Qualitystandardforvalueaddedproductsandhygieneinruralagro-processingunits

Scientifically designed animal shelters for comfort of milch and animal for meat.

Bioethanolfromagriculturalresidueforfueluse.

Intelligentpackagesforstorageofvalueaddedproductsusingnanoandbiotechnologies

18. OutcomeEnhancementoffarmer’sincomeleadingtoruralprosperityandreductioninpoverty.

New ventures of employment generation in post harvest and value addition sector.

Morefoodsecurityduetoreductioninpostharvestlosses.

Increasednetpercapitaavailabilityoffood.

Availabilityofnutritiousprocessedfoodwilleradicatetheproblemofmalnutrition.

Enhancementofforeignexchangebyhigherexportofvalueaddedqualityproducts.

Increased availability of specialty foods and industrial rawmaterial hence enhanced agroprocessingactivity.

Sustainablerurallivelihoodduetoincreasedpostharvestactivityinruralcatchments.

Bioethanolforreducingthedependenceonnonrenewablesourceofenergyandthussavinginvaluableforeignexchange.

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19. Concluding remarks Indiaproduces750milliontonnesofrawfoodmaterialannually.Therearepostharvestlossestothetuneof10-40%dependinguponthecommodity.Thelevelofprocessingisapproximately40%withaveragevalueadditionof10%.Thecuttingedgetechnologieslikebiotechnology,nano-technology,non-thermalprocessinghavepotentialtouseinpostharvestsector.Thevalueadditionin the Indian post harvest sector is one of the largest in the world and attracts nearly 6.3% of GDP and13%ofthecountryexports.Therefore,thepresentstatusofpostharvestsectorwasanalyzedintheperspectiveplanandkeepinginviewitsstrength,weaknessandopportunities,CIPHEThassetitsgoal.EvidentlyCIPHEThastoworkonwarfootingtosupportPHsectorasIndiamaybecomeamajorvalueaddedfoodproducerandsupplierby2025soastogenerateruralincome,employmentand foreign exchange in a big way. It is the time for CIPHET to shift its demand driven R&D works forreducingcosts,enhancingqualityandsafety,developingandintroducingworldclasstechnology,promoting synergybetween rural level processing to organizedprocessors/export.Accordingly,itisnecessarytoincreasethelevelofprocessingandvalueadditionshareintheglobaltradeanddrasticallyreductioninwastage/valuelossandbuildexcellentqualityimageforIndianethnicfoodsproducts.Itwouldalsorequiresinglewindowapproachtoserveallstackholdersengagedinthehandlingofagri-produce,processing,marketing,infrastructuredevelopment,foodsafetyregulationetc. In order to fulfill aforesaid Vision 2025, the various programs/projects were identified addressing thekeyissuesinpostharvestsectortorealizethepotentialofbiodiversityinIndia.Aftersuccessfulimplementation,thevalueadditionoffoodproductsisexpectedtoincreasefromcurrent10%to35%andprocessinginfruitsandvegetableincreasedfrom2to35%by2025.


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Acronym

AAU AssamAgriculturalUniversityADG Assistant Director GeneralAEZ AgriExportZoneAGRI AgricultureAICRP AllIndiaCo-ordinateResearchProjectAPA ApplicationofPlasticsinAgricultureAPC AgroProcessingCentreAPEDA Agricultural and Processed Foods Export Development AuthorityARFIS AgricultureResearchandFinancialInformationSystemARIS AgricultureResearchInformationSystemAS&PE Agricultural Structure & Process EngineeringATIC AgriculturalTechnologyInformationCentreBAIF BharatiyaAgroIndustriesFoundationBARC BhabhaAtomicResearchCentreBIS BureauofIndianStandardsBSKKV Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi VidyapeethCA ControlledAtmosphereCAD Computer Aided DesignCAM ComputerAidedManufacturingCARI CentralAvianResearchInstituteCIRB CentralInstituteforResearchonBuffaloesCFTRI CentralFoodTechnologicalResearchInstituteChem ChemicalCIAE CentralInstituteofAgriculturalEngineeringCIFA CentralInstituteofFreshwaterAquacultureCIFT CentralInstituteofFisheriesTechnologyCIPHET Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering & TechnologyCIRG CentralInstituteforResearchonGoatCPCRI CentralPlantationCropsResearchInstituteCPRI CentralPotatoResearchInstituteCRRI CentralRiceResearchInstituteCSAUA&T Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and TechnologyCSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchCSSRI CentralSoilSalinityResearchInstituteCSWR&TI Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training InstituteCWC CentralWarehousingcorporationDARE Department of Agricultural Research and Educationdb Dry basisDDG Deputy Director GeneralDFRL Defence Food Research LaboratoryDRDO Defence Research and Development OrganizationDRR Directorate of Rice ResearchDWR Directorate of Wheat ResearchEC EvaporativeCooledED Entrepreneurship DevelopmentEDP Entrepreneurship Development programmeElect ElectricalELISA EnzymeLinkedImmunosorbentAssayEngg Engineering

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F&V Fruits & VegetablesFCI FoodCorporationofIndiaFMP FarmMachineryandPowerFST FoodScienceandTechnologyFSTA FoodScienceTechnologyAbstractGDP Gross Domestic ProductGMP GoodManufacturingPracticeGovt. GovernmentHBTI HarcourtButlerTechnologicalInstituteHLL HindustanLeverLimitedHP HimachalPradeshHRD Human Resources DevelopmentHYV High YieldingVarietiesIARI IndianAgriculturalResearchInstituteIASRI IndianAgriculturalStatistics ResearchInstituteICAR IndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearchIGMRI IndianGrainStorageManagementandResearchInstituteIIHR IndianInstituteofHorticulturalResearchIIM IndianInstituteofManagementIIP IndianInstituteofPackagingIIPR IndianInstituteofPulseResearchIIT IndianInstituteofTechnologyIIVR IndianInstituteofVegetableResearchILRI IndianLacResearchInstituteInstn InstrumentationIPR IntellectualPropertyRightsIT InformationTechnologyITC IndianTobaccoCompanyIVRI IndianVeterinaryResearchInstituteJ&K Jammu and KasmirJNKVV Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa VidyalayaKVIC Khadi and Village Industries CommissionKVK Krishi Vigyan KendraLPT LivestockProductionTechnologyMA Modified Atmosphere MAP Modified Atmosphere PackagingMech MechanicalMFPI MinistryofFoodProcessingIndustryMH MaharashtraMNES Ministry of Non-conventional Energy SourcesMP MadhyaPradeshMPEDA Marine Products Export Development AuthorityNABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentNATP National Agriculture Technology ProjectNDDB National Dairy Development BoardNDRI National Dairy Research InstituteNERIST North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & TechnologyNGO Non-Governmental Organization NHB National Horticulture Board NHRDF National Horticultural Research and Development FoundationNIAM National Institute of Agricultural MarketingNIRS Near Infra Red Spectroscopy

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NOVODB National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development BoardNRC National Research CentreNRCM National Research Centre on MeatNRCOG National Research Centre on Onion and GarlicNRDC National Research Development Corporationpa perannumPAU PunjabAgriculturalUniversityPC ProjectCoordinatorPERT ProgrammeEvaluationandReviewTechniquePH PostHarvestPHET Post Harvest Engineering & TechnologyPHT PostHarvestTechnologyPLW PhysiologicallossinWeightPS PrincipleScientistR&D Research & DevelopmentRTC ReadytoCookRTE ReadytoEatS ScientistSAARC SouthAsianAssociationforRegionalCooperationSAU StateAgriculturalUniversitySFAC SmallFarmersAgri-BusinessConsortiumSISI SmallIndustriesServiceInstituteSS SeniorScientistSWE SoilWaterEngineeringSWOT StrengthWeaknessOpportunityThreatsTA TravelingAllowanceTMO&P Technology Mission on Oilseeds and PulsesTN TamilnaduTOT TransferofTechnologyUP UttarPradeshWTO WorldTradeOrganisation

Units

g gramha Hectaret TonnekW Kilowatt.m MeterRs. Rupeescm centimetermm Millimeterkg KilogramSS StainlessSteelmg MilligramW WattC Centigradeh Hour

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ICAR - CIPHET · researchable issues are identified, strategies drawn and programmes indicated to...

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