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Prepared by Lawrence Kok

Video Tutorial on Properties of Transition Metals, Complex ions and splitting of d orbitals for colour formation .

Transition Metals – d block elements with half/partially filled d orbitals

Properties of Transition metals • Coloured Complexes

• Variable oxidation states• Catalytic Properties

• Complex ions

Taken from:http://elementalolympics.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/variable-oxidation-states-and-catalysts/

Taken from:http://alevelchem.com/aqa_a_level_chemistry/unit3.5/s354/02.htm

Taken from:http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/transition/features.html

Properties of Transition Metals – Variable Oxidation State

Properties of Transition Metals – Complex ions formation

Drawing complex ion• Overall charged on complex ion metal• Metal ion in the center (+ve charged)• Ligands attached• Dative bonds from ligands

Complex ions with diff metal ions, diff ligands, oxidation state and overall charged

How to name Complex ions and its ligands

Naming of Copper (II) Complexes

Strong ligand displaces weaker ligand

Complex ions with different ligands – different colours

Copper with ligand water – BlueCopper with ligand ammonia – Deep BlueCopper with ligand chloride - Yellow

Cobalt with ligand water – PinkCobalt with ligand chloride - Blue

Taken from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2003/rogers/998/chemlab.htm

Properties of Transition Metals – Coloured Complexes

Why transition metals ion complexes have different colour?Why Titanium (III) ion is violet ?

Splitting of 3d orbitals by ligands – allow electronic transition from lower to higher state

Colour formation due to splitting of 3d orbitals by ligands

Ti 3+ transmit blue/violet region BUT absorb green/orange/red

Ti 3+ violet due to absorption of green/yellow region to excite electrons to higher orbital level

Cu 2+ transmit blue/violet region BUT absorb green/orange/red

Cu 2+ blue due to absorption of green/yellow to excite electrons to higher level

Transition metal have different colours due to• splitting of 3d orbitals• presence of ligands which causes splitting• partially filled 3d orbitals

CuSO4 (anhydrous) without ligands - Colourless

Why some are colourless ?

Cu 2+ anhydrous – colourlessCu 1+ hydrous – colourlessZn 2+ hydrous – colourlessSc 3+ hydrous – colourlessCu 2+ hydrous - colour

Zn 2+ ion with ligand water - Colourless

Sc 3+ ion with ligand water - Colourless

Cu 2+ ion with ligand water – Colour Blue

Cu 1+ ion with ligand water - Colourless

Taken from:http://comp.chem.umn.edu/itccd/Catalytics.html

Catalyst speed up reaction by

Taken from:http://gcserevision101.wordpress.com/chemistry-c3/

Uses of catalyst

Video on colour formation due to different ligands with different metals ionClick here to view

Acknowledgements

Thanks to source of pictures and video used in this presentation

Thanks to Creative Commons for excellent contribution on licenseshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/

Prepared by Lawrence Kok

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