IASON – INTELLIGENT ACTIVATED SLUDGE OPERATED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY
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IASON – INTELLIGENT ACTIVATED SLUDGE OPERATED
BY NANOTECHNOLOGY
Fleit, E. and Melicz, Z. (BUTE)Zrínyi, M., Filipcsei, G. and László,
K. (BUTE)Dékány, I. and Király, Z. (SZTE)
Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Department of Sanitary & Environmental
Engineering
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Problem exposition Problem exposition (colloids vs wastewater (colloids vs wastewater
treatment)treatment) Do we know enough (from each other)?Do we know enough (from each other)? State-of-the-art in wastewater treatmentState-of-the-art in wastewater treatment „„High-tech low-tech” dilemmasHigh-tech low-tech” dilemmas Hungarian contextHungarian context One new idea in old environment – One new idea in old environment –
IASONIASON ResultsResults ConclusionsConclusions Innovation chain (lessons learned)Innovation chain (lessons learned)
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Do we have mutual Do we have mutual problems?problems?
Dissolved Colloidal Quasi-colloidal Settleable Particle size (µm) <0,08 0,08-1,0 1-100 >100
Organic material (%) COD 25 15 26 34 TOC 31 14 24 31
Grease 12 51 24 19 Protein 4 25 45 25
Carbohydrate 58 7 11 24 Rate of
oxidation 0,39 0,22 0,09 0,08
Definitely we do…
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A typical colloid problem: A typical colloid problem: foaming and scum (cream) foaming and scum (cream)
formation (on full scale)formation (on full scale)
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URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE (HUNGARY):UNPRECEDENTED INVESTMENTS
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1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Access to sewerageAccess to sewerage
Access to sewerage including population living Access to sewerage including population living on sewered areas but not using this serviceon sewered areas but not using this service
Access to public water supplyAccess to public water supply
PPopulation supplied by public taps located opulation supplied by public taps located along streetsalong streets
% of the total population
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Wastewater treatment in Hungary - 1990
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Wastewater treatment in Hungary - 2003
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Wastewater treatment in Hungary - 2015
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Hungarian Wastewater Master Plan: Hungarian Wastewater Master Plan: strategy with dilemmas strategy with dilemmas
Scheduling (scenarios) Cost efficiency (taking EU technologies without adoption) Emissions and water quality impacts
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Long-term (but hidden) links Long-term (but hidden) links between wastewater treatment between wastewater treatment
and colloid sciencesand colloid sciences Late lessons from early Late lessons from early
warnings…warnings… Colloid size substrates (foams, Colloid size substrates (foams,
creams, emulsions, etc.) creams, emulsions, etc.) Colloid size reactants (biofilm, Colloid size reactants (biofilm,
ESP, activated sludge flocs, etc.)ESP, activated sludge flocs, etc.) Kinetic and financial problemsKinetic and financial problems
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Starting point – Starting point – a key element in biological a key element in biological
wastewater treatment remains wastewater treatment remains uncontrolleduncontrolled
Suspended cell bioreactors Suspended cell bioreactors (activated sludge systems)(activated sludge systems)
Particle size distribution ?Particle size distribution ? Diffusion limitation ?Diffusion limitation ? Ratio of floc and filament Ratio of floc and filament
former bacteria ?former bacteria ? Technological functions ?Technological functions ?
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A novel concept - IASONA novel concept - IASONI – I – IntelligentIntelligentA – A – Artificial Artificial S – S – SludgeSludgeO – O – Operated byOperated byN - N - NanotechnologyNanotechnology
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An example: the Bardenpho process
AnaerobicAnoxicOxic
Raw wastewater
Treatedeffluent
IASON process control
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Project objectivesProject objectives Control and design of floc size Control and design of floc size
distribution and settleability distribution and settleability (density) (density)
Control of substrate and electron Control of substrate and electron acceptors (Oacceptors (O2 2 and/or NOand/or NO33) within the ) within the flocfloc
Biofilm formation Biofilm formation (nitrification/denitrification)(nitrification/denitrification)
Direct regulation of technological Direct regulation of technological functions in microscopic dimensions functions in microscopic dimensions by nanotechnology (microreactor by nanotechnology (microreactor development)development)
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Wastewater bacteria on microscopic carrier materials (PVA-PAA/starch) (biofilm development after 1 week)
100 m
A
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The first step: immobilization on designed microreactors
Immobilization with adsorption Ionic bounds Covalent bounds Cross-linking Matrix entrapment Microcapsulation Combined methods Heterotrophic bacteria
(South-Pest WWTP) onPVA-PAA hydrogels (400x)
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Growth of selected (technological aims) bacteria on hydrogels
Nitrifying bacteria100x
Budapest Sewerage Works
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Comparative respirometric experiments (AS and IASON)
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Activated sludge (mixed culture)Colonizated PVA-PAA
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Nitrification efficency of biomass grown on PVA-PAA gels
Continuous upflow reactor
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Development of active microreactors
1. day 2. week 3. week
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Functioning of autotrophic system (upon 3 weeks of biofilm developmen)
Nyers
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Tisztított
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NH3-N NO2-N NO3-N oP
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Nyers
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IASON - future nanotechnological design objectives
Establishment of microscopic size reactors (contolled gradients)
Solid carrier material (hydrogel)
SubstrateOxygen
Aerobic layer
Anaerobic/anoxic layerEnd-product
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Conclusions
„„Traditional” technologies/pollutantsTraditional” technologies/pollutants Changes of wastewater composition (rapid)Changes of wastewater composition (rapid) New type of pollutantsNew type of pollutants Conceptual change and novel opportunitieConceptual change and novel opportunitie Nano- and biotechnologyNano- and biotechnology Design of wastewater compositionDesign of wastewater composition Professional background (R+D and Professional background (R+D and
education)education)