IARU Global Challenges 2014 Cornell Governance gaps
19
1 A PARTNER WITH The Global Gap What can be done when governance does not add up? Image: © Edward Elgar 2014 Dr Sarah Cornell Copenhagen, October 2014
-
Upload
sarah-cornell -
Category
Environment
-
view
69 -
download
0
Transcript of IARU Global Challenges 2014 Cornell Governance gaps
1
A PARTNER WITH
The Global Gap
What can be done when governance does not add up?
Image: ©
Edw
ard Elgar 2
01
4
Dr Sarah CornellCopenhagen, October 2014
2
A PARTNER WITH
Image: ©
Edw
ard Elgar 2
01
4
Read Victor Galaz’s
book!
The Global Gap
what can be done when governance does not add up?
Dr Sarah CornellCopenhagen, October 2014
Planetary Boundaries spotlight…
• Research needs: integrating multiple issues; embedding complexity and resilience theory into Earth system science.
• Policy needs: forums for responding to global processes, with a global evidence base
• Implementation gaps: problematic environmental trends are not being reversed.
• Equity gaps: resource constraints unavoidably turn the focus onto resource sharing.
Rockström and 27 co-authors (2009) ‘A Safe Operating Space for Humanity’: research article in Ecology & Society, discussion article in Nature.
Climate change & ocean acidification
Biodiversity loss
Perturbed biogeochemical cycles (N and P)
Systemic chemical pollution
• Freshwater abstraction
• Land use and land cover change
• Atmospheric physics/chemistry
Global science and policy address:
Which processes?
Elmqvist, Cornell, Öhman et al. 2013. Global Sustainability & Human Prosperity. SRC report for Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/en/publications
Global problems Social Impacts Assessments
Climate (and ocean acidification)
Environmental hazards (storms, floods, droughts), food and water security, health
IPCC Assessment Reports 1990, 1995, 2001, 2007, 2013/14.IPCC 2012 SRES.UN HDR 2007/8 Fighting climate change.Gattuso & Hansson Ocean acidification, OUP
Biodiversity destruction ‘Loss of ecosystem services’ –food/fuel/fibre resources, waterquality, environmental hazards,regulating and cultural services
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005. IPBES Sub-Global Assessments repository,ipbes.unepwcmc-004.vm.brightbox.netCardinale 2012 Science 336 552–553.Reich et al. 2012. Science 336 589–592.CBD 2010. Global Biodiversity Outlook 3.TEEB 2010. FAO reports 2010 (genetic resources, forests), 2012 (SOFA, SOFIA).UNEP 2012 Global Environment Outlook 5
Biogeochemical cycles(N&P – and more)
Environmental, health and economic problems: nutrientlosses, air and water pollution, land and ecosystem degradation
Sutton et al. 2013. Our Nutrient WorldGESAMP 1990. State of Marine Environment.
Chemical pollution Direct human health and wellbeing effects, indirect impacts through ecological impacts. (‘PBT’ substances, endocrine disruptors)
UNEP 2013. Global Chemicals Outlook UNEP 2013. Costs of inaction AMAP 2009. Arctic Pollution 2009. Depledge et al. (2013) Marine Environmental Research 83, 93–95.
–
Elmqvist, Cornell, Öhman et al. 2013. Global Sustainability & Human Prosperity. SRC report for Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/en/publications
–
Elmqvist, Cornell, Öhman et al. 2013. Global Sustainability & Human Prosperity. SRC report for Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/en/publications
**
**
n/a
–
[*]
Climate change
Ocean acidification
Biodiversity loss
Biogeochem-ical cycles
(N&P)
Chemical pollution
Science + policy with interface,
not enough action
Science + policy, new interface, sliding targets
Regional IEAs, local policy,
science mobilisingfor new interface
Science patchy, policy does not
‘add up’
Science PolicyDecision
landscape
Climate Earth systemknowledge, local gaps
Global agreementon targets
and metrics
Big science
Biodiversity Local knowledge, system gaps
Global agreement on targets
and metrics
Concerned coalitions
Biogeochemistry Gaps in local and system knowledge
Partial regional agreements,
emerging issue
Many differentplayers
Chemical pollution Local knowledge, system gaps
Partial agreements, weak metrics
Big business
Science for policy?
World Database of Protected Areas – protectedplanet.net
BIODIVERSITY: Geographical gaps + worldwide lack of will?
Come to the biodiversity session
tomorrow!
Approaches to defining a planetary boundary for biodiversityGlobal Environmental Change (2014)Mace, Reyers, Alkemade, Biggs, Chapin, Cornell, Diaz, Jennings,Leadley, Mumby, Purvis, Scholes, Seddon, Solan, Steffen and Woodward
‘Ignorance gives rise to planetary threats’
New hazard identification strategy needed- Screening- monitoring - management
• Science needs: state, trends, and
process knowledge
• Policy needs: evidence of the problem,
evidence-base for response(s) –
measurement, monitoring
PTB Environment, Absolute Background Report
Global sustainability requires global information:
Society’s changing role in
monitoring and measuring
sustainability…
Ph
oto
: Im
pre
nsa
do
Car
ajás
ARR
Citizen science –new dialogues, a new ‘social contract’ for science?
Citizen science –new dialogues, a new ‘social contract’ for science?
Global information as a sustainability issue
• Meeting people’s needs, within environmental limits(Brundtland Report)
• Complex problems benefit from multiple knowledge inputs
The IPBES is developing a Multiple Evidence Base approach, in dialogue
with the CBD
Global information as a sustainability issue
• Meeting people’s needs, within environmental limits(Brundtland Report)
• Complex problems benefit from multiple knowledge inputs – a richer picture
• There is no substitute for meaningful engagement between information providers and users, with deepened dialogue and mutual learning.
