IAEA Safety Standards in EPR with overview of GSR Part 7

IAEA Safety Standards in EPR with

overview of GSR Part 7

Joint IAEA-KINS Regional Network Meeting on Radiation

Safety and Emergency Preparedness and Response

25 – 29 June 2018, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Incident and Emergency Centre , IAEA

Contents

• Safety Standards in EPR

– Overview

– Future standards

• EPR series

• Overview of GSR Part 7

IAEA Statute (1956)

Under Article III.A.6 of its Statute, the IAEA is authorized:

“To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies concerned, standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property (including such standards for labour conditions), and to provide for the application of these standards...”

Assistance Convention (1986)

Under Article 5, the IAEA is given the function:

“To collect and disseminate to States Parties and Member States information concerning … (ii) methodologies, techniques and available results of research relating to response to nuclear accidents or radiological emergencies; …”

Evolution of Safety Standards

1967

1969

1981

19851966

19861982

Image courtesy IAEA

Evolution (cont.)

1989

1996

1994

1987

2002

Image courtesy IAEA

Evolution (cont.)

2011

2007

2002

2015

Valid Safety Standards in EPR(Follow the long-term structure of IAEA Safety

Standards adopted in 2008)

2006

Image courtesy IAEA

2018

Safety Standards - Structure

SF

GSRs

GSGs

SSRs

SSGs

Safety Fundamentals

General Safety Requirements

Specific Safety Requirements

General Safety Guides

Specific Safety Guides

Safety Standards - Structure

Safety Standards in EPR

• FundamentalsSF-1

• RequirementsGSR Part 7

GS-G-2.1

GSG-2

GSG-11Recommendations

Safety Standards in EPR

An international consensus on what constitutes a high level

of safety for protecting people and the environment from

harmful effects of ionizing radiation…

Safety Standards – Levels

Safety Fundamentals

Fundamental safety

objectives and principles

for protecting people and

environment

Safety Requirements

Requirements that

must be met to ensure

protection of people

and environment

Safety Guides

Recommended

ways of meeting

the requirements

Safety Fundamentals

No. SF-1

• Establishes the fundamental

safety objective, safety principles

and concepts that provide the

bases for the IAEA’s safety

standards and its safety related

programme

• Published in 2006

• Cosponsored by Euratom, FAO,

IAEA, ILO, IMO, OECD/NEA,

PAHO, UNEP and WHO

Safety Fundamentals

No. SF-1

Principle 9: EPR

“Arrangements must be

made for emergency

preparedness and

response for nuclear or

radiation incidents.”


No. GSR Part 3

Relevant requirements in

Section 4 on Emergency

exposure situations

• Requirements level: ‘Shall’ or ‘What’ to be done

• Approved on September 2011 by IAEA Board of Governors

• Published 2014

• Co-sponsored by EC, FAO, IAEA, ILO, OECD\NEA, PAHO, UNEP, WHO


No. GSR Part 7

Establishes requirements for an adequate level of preparedness and response for a nuclear or radiological emergency, irrespective of its cause

• Requirements level: ‘Shall’ or ‘What’ to be done

• Approved in 2015

• Co-sponsored by FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, IMO, Interpol, OECD/NEA, PAHO, UNEP, UNOCHA, WHO, WMO, CTBTO

• Supersedes No. GS-R-2 issued in 2002

Details in the second part of the presentation

Safety Guides

No. GS-G-2.1

Provides recommendations on

implementation of specific safety

requirements established in GS-R-2

– Recommendations level: ‘Should’ or ‘How’ to be done

– Published in 2007

– Co-sponsored by FAO, IAEA, ILO, OCHA, WHO, PAHO

GS-G-2.1

Contents

• Basic concepts in EPR• Types of potential nuclear or radiological emergencies

• Overview of:• Radiation induced health effects

• Exposure pathways

• Protective actions and other response actions

• Hazard (threat) assessment and categories• Criteria for determining categories

• Defines concept of dangerous source and provides D-

values

• Lists typical facilities and activities per category

• Defines area and zone sizes and discusses the basis

GS-G-2.1

Contents /2

• Roles and responsibilities

• Defined at operator, off-site

and international levels

• All categories covered

• Guidance for a coordinating

mechanism

• National Coordinating Authority

• Guidance on integrated

planning

• All hazards approach

GS-G-2.1

Contents /3

• Further guidance provided on

infrastructural requirements • Including detailed description of recommended

emergency response facilities and locations, their

functions and characteristics

• Elaborated concept of operations for a

range of postulated nuclear or radiological

emergency• For categories I-V

GS-G-2.1

Contents /4

• Further guidance on how to implement

following functional requirements:

• Identifying, notifying and activating

• Taking urgent protective actions

• Keeping the public informed

• Managing the medical response

• Taking early protective and other actions

• Mitigating the non-radiological consequences

Safety Guides

No. GSG-2

GSG-2 provides guidance on criteria for taking protective actions and other response actions in a nuclear or radiological emergency

• Recommendations level:

‘Should’ or ‘How’ to be done


• Co-sponsored by FAO, IAEA,

WHO, PAHO, ILO

• Supersedes intervention

levels and generic action

levels from GS-R-2

GSG-2

Contents

• Elaborates framework for

emergency response

criteria at which specific

emergency response actions

need to be taken

• Defines system of:

• Generic criteria

• Operational criteria

• OILs, EALs, Observables

• Guidance values applicable for

emergency workers

ACTIONS

GENERIC CRITERIA

Operational

Intervention

Levels

(OIL)

Emergency

Action Levels

(EAL)

Observables/

Indicators

Abnormal facility

conditions

Conditions

on-scene

Field and laboratory

measurements

Intake,

I [Bq]

Equivalent dose

in tissue or

organ T,

HT [Sv]

Absorbed

dose in

tissue or

organ T,

DT [Gy]

RBE weighted

dose in tissue or

organ T,

ADT [Gy]

Radiation

fluence

F,

[cm-2

]

WR

RBER,T

Effective dose,

E [Sv]

Evaluation

of deterministic

effects

Evaluation

of stochastic

effects

Evaluation

radiation

detriment

WT

GSG-2

Contents /2

• Example of default OILs for:• Deposition

• Individual contamination

• Contamination of food, milk and drinking water

• Plain language explanations in support of the

criteria

Dose rate from skin

contamination

Dose rate above

ground

Food, milk and water

concentrations

GSG-2

Contents /3

• Guidance on EALs development including

example EALs for LWRs

• Suggested radii for inner cordoned area for

radiological emergency

Safety Guides

No. GSG-11

GSG-11 provides guidance on arrangements for termination of a nuclear or radiological emergency and subsequent transition to new exposure situation (either planned or existing)

• Recommendations level:

‘Should’ or ‘How’ to be done


• Co-sponsored by FAO, IAEA,

ICAO, ILO, IMO, INTERPOL,

OECD/NEA, OCHA, WHO,

WMO

GSG-11

Contents

• Defines phases of nuclear or radiological emergency

• Sets objective and prerequisites for terminating emergency

• Gives details on arrangements for transition phase

• Provides case studies, etc.

Safety Guides

What to expect in future

• Arrangements for Communications with the

Public in Preparedness and Response for a

Nuclear or Radiological Emergency (DS475)

– Recommendations and guidance on communicating

with the public in emergency preparedness and

response taking into account some particular

circumstances (e.g. coincident emergencies,

emergencies triggered by a nuclear security event,

transition phase)

– Expected completion: 2018, to be published 2019

Safety Guides

What to expect in future /2

• Preparedness and Response for an

Emergency during the Transport of

Radioactive Material (DS469)

– Revision of TS-G-1.2 issued in 2002

– Guidance and recommendations on

the implementation of the requirements

established primarily in GSR Part 7

and SSR 6 in order to prepare for and

respond to emergencies during the

transport of radioactive material

– Expected completion: 2019/2020, to be published 2020

• DS504 (Safety Guide on EPR, revision of

GS-G-2.1):

– Drafting stage

– Expected completion: 2021/2022

• DS505 (Safety Guide on Source,

environmental and individual monitoring,

revision on RS-G-1.8):

– Drafting stage

– Expected completion: 2021/2022

Safety Guides


Contents


– Overview


• EPR series


What is not a Safety Standard?

• Other Agency’s publications than Safety Fundamentals,

Safety Requirements and Safety Guides, for example:

– Safety Reports

– Accident Reports

– EPR Series

– TECDOC Series etc.

EPR Series and training materials

• To support the application of the IAEA Safety Standards in EPR:

– EPR Series give further technical guidance and tools to support the establishment of effective and efficient emergency arrangements by Member States

– EPR Training Materials provide material to be used for training purposes at the international and regional levels or as a basis for development of training materials at national level in various areas of EPR

EPR Series and training materials

Relevant operational arrangements

• Based on Early Notification and Assistance Conventions and IAEA Safety Standards

• Support the establishment of operational arrangements for notification, information exchange and assistance in EPR

EPR Series

What to expect in future

• EPR Protection Strategy

– Practical guidance for the development, justification and

optimization of a protection strategy and

– Implementation of reference levels and generic criteria

– Expected completion: end of 2018, to be published 2019

• EPR-Combined emergencies– Guidance for emergency occurring in combination with a

disaster caused by an extreme natural event


EPR Series


• EPR-NPP On-site– Arrangements for Operating Organization


• EPR-RAD OILs

– Operational Intervention Levels for Radiological

Emergencies and methodology for their derivation

– Expected completion: end of 2018, to be published 2019

Contents


– Overview


• EPR series


Structure

• Follows old GS-R-2 to the extent possible

– In line with guiding principles for revision

– Division among general, functional and infrastructural requirements kept

• Does not distinguish Response and Preparedness functional requirements

• Has no extensive cross-references

• Has improved consistency in terminology

Structure /2

• Follows the new format for IAEA

Safety Standards Series:

– Introduces additional Section on:

Interpretation, Resolution of conflicts

and Entry into force

– Introduces overarching requirements vs

associated requirements

Overarching vs Associated

requirements

Overarching

requirement

Associated

requirement

Overarching vs Associated

requirements /2

• Overarching requirements

– Emphasis on topic

– Assigned to the Government

• Associated requirements

– Detailed requirements associated with the

overarching requirement topic

– Wherever possible, assigned to relevant

organization unless responsibilities are on

several organizations simultaneously

• There is NO hierarchy among requirements!

GSR Part 7 Contents

• INTRODUCTION

• INTERPRETATION, RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS AND ENTRY INTO FORCE

• GOALS OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

• GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

• FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

• REQUIREMENTS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE

• Appendices:– Guidance values for emergency workers

– Generic criteria for use in EPR

• Annex: Applicability of paragraphs by category

GS-R-2 (2002) GSR Part 7 (2015)

General Requirements

Basic ResponsibilitiesEmergency management system

Roles and responsibilities

Threat assessment Hazard assessment

Protection strategy

Requirements for Infrastructure

Authority Authorities for emergency preparedness and

response (EPR)

Organization Organizations and staffing for EPR

Coordination of EP Coordination of EPR

Plans and procedures Plans and procedures for ER

Logistical support and facilities Logistical support and facilities for ER

Training, drills and exercises Training, drills and exercises for EPR

QA programme QM Programme for EPR

GS-R-2 (2002) GSR Part 7 (2015)

Functional Requirements

Establishing emergency

management and operationsManaging emergency response operations

Identifying, notifying and

activatingIdentifying and notifying a nuclear or radiological

emergency and activating an emergency response

Performing mitigatory actions Taking mitigatory actions

Carrying out urgent protective

actions

Assessing the initial phase

Taking urgent protective actions and other response

actions

Providing information and

issuing instructions and

warnings to the public

Providing instructions, warnings and relevant

information to the public

Protecting emergency

workers

Protecting emergency workers and helpers in an

emergency

Managing the medical

response

Managing the medical response in a nuclear or


GS-R-2 (2002) GSR Part 7 (2015)

Functional Requirements (cont.)

Keeping the public informed Communicating with the public throughout a

nuclear or radiological emergency

Carrying out agricultural

countermeasures,

countermeasures against

ingestion and longer term

protective actions

Taking early protective actions and other

response actions

Managing radioactive waste in a nuclear or


Mitigating the non-radiological

consequences of an emergency

response

Mitigating non-radiological consequences of a

nuclear or radiological emergency and

emergency response

Conducting recovery operations Terminating a nuclear or radiological emergency

-Requesting, providing and receiving international

assistance for emergency preparedness and

response

-Analysing the emergency and the emergency

response

Revised terminology

GS-R-2 (2002) GSR Part 7 (2015)Threat assessment Hazard assessment

Threat categories Emergency preparedness categories

Quality assurance programme Quality managementprogramme

Iodine prophylaxis Iodine thyroid blocking

Revised concepts

GS-R-2 (2002) GSR Part 7 (2015)

National coordinating authority National coordination mechanism

Threat category V Emergency preparedness category V

Intervention Protective actions and other response

actions

Protection strategy

Agricultural countermeasures,

countermeasures against

ingestion and longer term

protective actions

Urgent and early protective actions:

Protection of food-chain and water

supply systems

Prevention of ingestion of food, milk

and drinking water

Prevention of inadvertent ingestion

Protection strategy

GS-R-2 (2002)

Implementation of an

intervention (i.e.

single protective

action) on the base of

generic intervention

level of dose actually

avertable by taking

that action

GSR Part 7 (2015)

Implementation of

protection strategy (i.e. set of protective actions and

other response actions)

on the basis of

generic criteria for dose

projected and dose

received with account taken

of the reference level for

residual dose

Set reference level

of residual dose between

20 mSv - 100 mSv

Establish Generic Criteria of projected or

received dose warranting specific protective

actions and other response actions

Develop default operational criteria:

measurable parameters or observables

(e.g. OILs, EALs)

Protection Strategy /2

100 mSvEmergency

exposure situation

20 mSv

1 mSv

Existing exposure situation

Planned exposure situation

Reference level

of residual dose

Emergency Preparedness

Categories

Cat.

V

National Border

Cat.

IV

Cat.

I

Revised concepts (cont.)

GS-R-2 (2002) GSR Part 7 (2015)

Generic intervention levels in

terms of avertable dose

Generic criteria in terms of projected dose and

received dose

Generic action levels for

foodstuffs (for activity

concentrations)

Generic criteria for food, milk and drinking

water (in terms of projected dose and

received dose)

Operational intervention levels (for activity

concentrations) (contained in GSG-2)

Management system Emergency management system

Conducting recovery

operations

Transition from emergency

response to long term

recovery operations

Terminating a nuclear or radiological

emergency

Transition from an emergency exposure

situation to an existing exposure situation

or to a planned exposure situation

New or strengthened concepts

GSR Part 7 (2015)

Emergency planning distances

System for placing health hazards in perspective

Interface with nuclear security in EPR

Responsibilities of international organizations

Leadership in EPR

Fitness for duty of emergency workers

Helpers in an emergency

Reference levels for emergency exposure situation

Keeping international community and IAEA informed in an emergency

Analysis of the emergency and emergency response

International assistance in EPR

Periodic and independent appraisals

Compensation of victims for damage

Extended planning distance

(EPD)

Area around a facility in category I and

II in which monitoring would need to

be carried out following declaration of

a general emergency in order to

identify timely areas warranting

emergency response actions (such as

relocation) off-site

Ingestion and commodities planning

distance (ICPD)

Area around a facility in category I

and II in which effective emergency

response actions in relation to

restrictions on food, milk and drinking

water and non-food commodities are

warranted following declaration of a

general emergency

Interface with nuclear security in EPR (cont.)

GSR Part 7 (2015)

Applies for nuclear or radiological emergency irrespective of the cause

explicitly (which may be a nuclear security event)

Establishes requirements for coordination and integration of emergency

arrangements and response measures to circumstances surrounding a

nuclear security event at all levels to a greater extent

Addresses interfaces where emergency arrangements or the emergency

response may affect nuclear security systems and the nuclear security

systems may affect the emergency arrangements

Protecting sensitive/confidential information and data in EPR

Provides references to existing Nuclear Security Recommendations

publications where necessary

Requirements for

infrastructure

AuthorityOrganization and staffing

CoordinationPlans and

procedures

Logistical support

and facilities

Training, drills and exercises

QM programme

Requirements for infrastructure

• Broadened to cover EPR overall

• Details appropriate for guidance removed

• Strengthened:

– Giving authorities and discharging them

• Directing response actions

• Decision making

– Staffing and fitness for duty

– Recognition of limitations of analytical tools

– Emergency response facilities and locations

– Periodic and independent appraisals

Appendix I

• Guidance values for restricting exposure of

emergency workers in an emergency

response

– To provide a basis for operational guidance

Appendix II

• Generic criteria for doses:

– For which protective actions and other response actions are expected to be taken:

• Under any circumstances to avoid or to minimize severe deterministic effects

• If they can be taken safely, to reasonably reduce the risk of stochastic effects

– For which restriction of international trade is warranted with due consideration of non-radiological consequences

– For use as a target dose for the transition to an existing exposure situation

Annex

• To facilitate better association of the

requirements with category they apply for

Where to Get More

Information?

• IAEA Safety Standards and

EPR publications are available on-line in pdf

• Just search for the title!

Summary

• IAEA Safety Standards represent

international consensus

• EPR Series publication give practical

guidance

• GSR Part 7 replaces GS-R-2 and brings

much improved EPR

Thank you!

IAEA Safety Standards in EPR with overview of GSR Part 7

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