IAB5E REPORTS-RAPPORTS AIPC-IVBH REPORTS

Volume 88

IABSE SYMPOSIUMSHANGHAI 2004

Metropolitan Habitats and infrastructure

REPORT RAPPORT BERICHT

Organised by the Chinese Group of IABSEIn conj - — "- "•-=-- " 6—i——i n g SocietyJCCES)Institu ULB Darmstadt eering.CCESAnd Ti

16138495

#

Table of Contents

Preface 4Table of Contents 5List of Authors 17

Keynote Lectures

Mikael W. BRAESTRUP, Denmark 24Constructing Durable Strait Crossings: Recent Danish Experience

J.Y. Richard LIEW, Singapore 30Design Criteria for Buildability of Multistory and Large Span Structures

Holger SVENSSON, Germany •/ 36Bridge Competitions

Koichi TAKANASHI, Japan 42Residential Complex with a Pleasant Living in Hot and Humid Regions

Man-Chung TANG, USA 48San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Concepts and Alternatives

Shiling ZHENG, China 54

Better Building, Better City

Planning and Evaluation of Bridges (1B)

Landmark Footbridges in the Urban Environment 60

/. FIRTH, UKUrban Bridge Design—The Death of Flow of Forces Design 62J.A. SOBRINO, M.D.G. PULIDO, SpainProgram Management for the Replacement of the Cooper River Bridge 64R. CLAIR, C. DWYER, B. JOHNSON, et al, USAU Shape Prestressed Concrete Decks for Railway Viaducts 66D. DUTOIT, J.C. CHUNIAUD, S. MONTEN, et al, FranceCombined Railway and Highway Cable-Stayed Bridge 68Q.H. FANG, ChinaRoute 9 Highway Bridge in Hong Kong, China — Design and Construction 70N. HUSSAIN, C. WONG, P. THOMPSON, Hong Kong, China

Exploring Bridge Style & Improving Urban View 72C. JIN, Y LIU, Y. CHEN, et al, Hong Kong, ChinaStonecutters Bridge - From Planning to Construction 74A.K.K. Ng, Hong Kong, ChinaTwo New Bridges over Highway near Riga 76A. PAEGUTIS, LatviaDesign Basis for Cable Stayed Bridge over Yamuna River, India 78F. PEDERSEN, A. TYAGI, DenmarkBridges over Save River in Zagreb, Croatia 80J. RADIC, D. KOLIC, CroatiaMain Technical Properties of the Yiling Yangtze River Bridge 82C. SHAO, Q. DENG, ChinaSome Considerations on Aesthetic Aspect of Urban Viaducts 84Y. SUYOLCU, A.I. UNAY, E. KARAESMEN, TurkeyDesign of the Main Spans of the Chongqing Caiyanba Bridge 86M.C. TANG, J. SUN, USAPedestrian Steel Arch Bridge with Composite Elements • • 88H. ZOBEL, M. WROBEL, W. KARWOWSKI, et al, Poland IPlastic Assessment of Slab-and-Beam Bridges : 90D. ZWICKY, SwitzerlandProbabilistic Estimation of Safety Factors for Suspension Bridges 92E. DRAGOMIRESCU, T. MIYATA, H. KATSUCHI, et al, JapanSimplified Seismic Performance Evaluation for Steel Arch Bridges 94Z. LU, T. USAMI, H. GE, JapanProposed Bridge in Shanghai Chongming Rivercrossing Project 96L PAN, Y.LU,J. HUANG, et al, ChinaAesthetics of Urban Bridges 98J. RADIC, Z. SAVOR, D. KOLIC, et al, Croatia

Planning and Evaluation of Structures (1S)

Bioclimatic Design in the Inner City-Strategies for Corporate Buildings 100A.C. ALIMCHANDANI, IndiaFuture Engineering Structures for the Urban Habitat and Infrastructure 102M. SCHLAICH, GermanyNew Buildings Influenced by Existing Subway Tunnels 104M. ACHERMANN, GermanyA Method to Evaluate Road Link Vulnerability 106B. ADEY, E. BRUHWILER, SwitzerlandTendering and Estimation of Buildings with Lifecycle Management 108H.J. BARGSTADT, A. BUCKLING, GermanyEnvironmental Considerations in Buildings Design 110MM DARWISH, AM DARWISH, Egypt

It

Transrapid Development in Germany—Built by the Chinese 112J. FEIX, R. BRYLK, GermanyElevated Transportation Structures for Old Metropolitan Habitats 114A. GHOSHAL, N. BANDYOPADHYAY, IndiaDesign and Construction of an Expressway Interchange in Singapore 116P.M. HO, L ZHAO, SingaporeIntegrating Informal and Formal Areas in Riode Janeiro 118J.C. LACERDA, BrazilMetropolitan Impact of New High-Speed Infrastructures in Barcelona 120A. LOPEZ-PITA, F. ROBUSTE, C. CASAS, et al, SpainThe First Turn of Mini-Metro in Moscow 122D. PANPHILOV, RussiaPlanning of Transportation System in Indian Metropolises 124B.C. ROY, IndiaStudy of Metropolitan Kiosks in Terms of Architecture and Environment 126E. SENER, S. SATIR, TurkeyMEGA-Structures for the Rehabilitation of a Hazardous Waste Landfill 128H. TSCHAMPER, D. COURTIN, SwitzerlandMetropolitan Habitat on Railway Infrastructure 130Th.S. DE WILDE, NetherlandsFunction and Aesthetics of the New Taipei Transit System 132D. FLECKENSTEIN, K.T, SU, GermanyEnvironmental Limit Values for Habitat and Infrastructure Works 134M. CLERICO, G. PIZZO, G. SOFFREDINI, ItalyAirport Connection of High-Speed Lines 136A. LOPEZ-PITA, F. ROBUSTE, L UBALDE, SpainTraffic Noise Pollution and Traffic Noise Mitigation 138K.S.P. DESILVA, P. DOUGLAS, AustraliaPhysical Safety Aspects of Infrastructure in Metropolitan Habitats 140S.I. SUDDLE, Netherlands"Multistorey Dock" for Amsterdam Zuidas? 142L.I. VAKAR, Th.S. DE WILDE, E.L. MEGENS, Netherlands

Design and Analysis of Bridges (2B)

Prefabricated Hybrid Frame Bridges for Metropolitan Traffic Routes •• 144U. CASTRISCHER, GermanyDong Hai Bridge - Design and Construction 146R. HUANG, ChinaLupu Arch Bridge, Shanghai 148Y. LIN, Z. ZHANG, B. MA, et al, ChinaStonecutters Bridge - Detailed Design 150K. FALBE-HANSEN, L HAUGE, S. KITE, Hong Kong, China

/////A

Hong Kong - Shenzhen Western Corridor and Deep Bay Link 152J. LEE, A. KONG, E. CHAN, Hong Kong, ChinaA Full-Scale Experiment on Vibration Mitigation of Stay Cable 154L SUN, C. SHI, H. ZHOU, et al, ChinaA New Program for the Design of Cable-Stayed Bridges 156E. ANDERHEGGEN, P. PEDROZZI, SwitzerlandWind-Induced Oscillation of an Inclined Circular Cylinder 158S. CHENG, H. TANAKA, PA. IRWIN, CanadaRefined Seismic Design of a Bridge Structure on Soft Soils 160P. CHUNG, USAVehicle Traffic Loads and Bridge Network Renewal Requirements 162G. FU, USABehavior of CFRP Prestressed Concrete Beam 164N.F. GRACE, USADong Hai Bridge-Wave Load Study for Low Pier Foundations 166X. HUANGFU, A. YAN, H. LIU, Hong Kong, ChinaFull Aeroelastic Model Tests for Stonecutters Bridge 168M.C.H. HUI, A. LARSEN, K. FALBE-HANSEN, Hong Kong, China jWind Buffeting Analysis of Long-Span Bridges •'• 170D. JANJIC, H. PIRCHER, AustriaNew Technologies in China's First Jointless Integral-Abutment Bridge 172X. JIN, X. SHAO, et al, ChinaDesign and Testing of Stay Cables of Stonecutters Bridge 174K.C.F. KWOK, C.K.P. WONG, Hong Kong, ChinaMultispan Balanced Cantilever Bridges: Egnatia Motorway 176S. LAMBROPOULOS, G. KONSTANTINIDIS, etal, GreeceModelling of Ship Impact on a Bridge Foundation 178D.M. LEE, N. PEIRIS, Hong Kong, ChinaCalibration of Vehicular Live Load Site Factors for Bridge Design 180A.D.DELEON, PortugalShanghai's Viaducts and Metropolitan Traffic 182J. LI, Y. ZUO, ChinaCast-in-Place Concrete Cable-Stayed Bridges in USA 184M. LOIZIAS, USADecked Precast and Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges 186Z. MA, J.L. HULSEY, USAAnalysis of Dynamic Response of Bridges under Moving Trains 188M. MAJKA, M. HARTNETT, D. O'DWYER, IrelandSupport Modeling of Skewed Slab-Girder Bridges 190S. MALEKI, IranDesign of Cable Supported Bridges Using Topology Optimization 192K. MEISS, GermanyPerformance Evaluation System for Bridge Concrete Slabs 194A. MIYAMOTO, K. KAWAMURA, H. NAKAMURA, etal, Japan

Seismic Reponses of Metropolitan Bridges and Flyovers 196O.K. MOHAPATRA, IndiaDuctility of Prestressed Segmental Girders with Unbonded Tendons 198J. MOLLER, L STEMPNIEWSKI, GermanyDesign of the New San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge 200M. NADER, R. MANZANAREZ, G. BAKER, USAExperimental Study on Lateral Forces Induced by Pedestrians 202S. NAKAMURA, H. KATSUURA, K. YOKOYAMA, JapanSeismic Analysis and Proposed Retrofit Design of Cable-Stayed Bridge 204A. OTSUKA, Y. FUJINO, H. KIKKAWA, et al, JapanSoil-Structure Interaction of Integral Bridges 206F ROLLER, J. STUDNICKA, CzechThe NewBadalona Railway Bridge—a Structure for the City 208J. ROMO, A. PEREZ, R. MONTERROSO, SpainUltrasonic Impact Treatment of Welded Joints 2105. ROY, J. W. FISHER, USAStructural Optimization of Extradosed Bridges 212F. SAAD, Egypt jDesign and Analysis of Aluminium Bridges 214F. SOETENS, I.V. STRAALEN, NetherlandsSeismic Design for Long Span Bridges — the US Practice 216J. SUN, M.C. TANG, USADesign of the Main Spans of the Seohae Grand Bridge 218M.C. TANG, D. JANG, USAControl of Longitudinal Movement of Long Span Cable Stayed Bridge 220Y. YAMASAKI, C. SHEN, JapanAnalysis and Design of Steel Orthotropic Decks 222Q. YE, G.N. FANJIANG, USADesign and Construction of Movable Bridges in the US 2246. YIN, P.M. SKELTON, R.S. MOSES, USAThe Saguenay River Suspended Bridge 226A.R. ZAKI, V. CHANDRA, M. VIRLOGEUX, et al, CanadaModel Test and Analysis on Buckling of Steel Box Arch of Lupu Bridge 228Z. ZHANG, X. WANG, J. ZHAO, et al, ChinaBehavior and Retrofit Study of Highway Steel Bridge Fatigue Cracking 230Y. ZHAO, W.M.K. RODDIS, USAWind Direction Effect on Buffeting Response of a Long-Span Bridge 232L.D. ZHU, Y.L XU, ChinaDisplacement-Based Seismic Design for Bridge Columns 234X. ZHU, Y. Nl, ChinaSeismic Analysis of Equipment Mounted on Structures 236A.P. ASFURA, USAAn Integral Composite Bridge in Trento, Italy 238B. BRISEGHELLA, E. SIVIERO, T. ZORDAN, Italy

io if

Temporary Live Loads on Artificial Structures 240S. BOKHANOVA, RussiaAdjustable Deck Solutions for "Veneto Strade" Flyovers 242B. BRISEGHELLA, T. ZORDAN, ItalyRecent Advances on Design Theory of CFST Arch Bridges 244B. CHEN, ChinaPiers' Impact Protection of Runyang Bridge 246C. CHEN, ChinaThe Integer Design and Innovation Technology of Maocaojie Bridge 248M. CHEN, ChinaEarthquake-Damaged RC Bridge Piers with FRP Wraps 250YS. CHUNG, C.K. PARK, E.H. LEE, et al, KoreaAn Investigation into Routes for Very Heavy Load Traffic 252B.M.H. DJORAI, NetherlandsAerodynamics Characteristics of New-Type Super Long Span Bridge 254K. FUMOTO, J. MURAKOSHI, K. HATA, et al, JapanCollision Protection for Piers on Main Navigational Channel 256R. HUANG, Q. DENG, A. YAN, China jAnalysis of Double Main Box-Girder Bridge with Sharp Curvature ••••/ 258M. INOUE, Y. KURATA, K. AOKI, JapanAerodynamic Study of the Neva Twin Cable-Stayed Bridge 260/. KOLYUSHEV, R. KIVILUOMA, RussiaReasonable Construction States of Tied-Arch Bridge 262C. LI, G. ZENG, Y LIU, ChinaHighway Bridge Design Load and Locality of Truck Loads 264J.V.DELINDT, G.FU,USALong-Span Bridges with Continuous Rigid Frame and Flexible Arch 266S. LUO, A. YAN, Z. LIU, ChinaNew Bridges on the Hungarian Reach of Danube River 268G. MEDVED, HungaryFatigue of Steel Plate Panels due to Repeated Out-of-Plane Deflection 270D. PATERSON, B.T. YEN, J.W. FISHER, USATemperature Induced Deformations in Match-Cast Segments 272G.A. ROMBACH, Ra'ed ABENDEH, GermanyRayleigh's Damping in Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Bridges 274B. SONG, S.HAO, Y. CHEN, ChinaFeatures of Steel Cable—Stayed Bridges 276P. SYCHEV, RussiaPC Composite Box-Girders with Corrugated Steel Webs 278S. WAN, J.B. CHEN, W.B. YU, et al, ChinaProbability Based Assessment of Serviceability Limit States in Bridges 280D. WI&NIEWSKI, A.A. HENRIQUES, P.J.S. CRUZ, PolandFlexural Calculation Mode for Composite Box Girder 282W. WU, J. YE, S. WAN, China

mil// ^ ^

Shear Lag Effect in Box Girder of Cable-stayed Bridge 284Y. XIANG, Y. YAO, J. WANG, ChinaLoad Capacity Analysis for Concrete-Filled-Steel-Tube Arch Bridge 286Q. YAN, C. SU, L LI, ChinaReconstruction of L'Acadie Elevated Roundabout 288A.R. ZAKI, O. JOLV, S. DEMIRDJIAN, CanadaDesign and Construction of East Ocean Bridge Non-Navigation Channel 290J. ZHANG, J. HE, H. YUAN, ChinaDesign of Nielsen System A-Shaped Tied Arch Bridge 292S. ZHANG, Q. LI, ChinaUltimate Load Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridges 294H. ZHAO, X. SHAO, G. LIU, et al, China

Design and Analysis of Structures (2S)

Encased Composite Beams in Hogging Bending Zone 296J. HEGGER, C. GORALSKI, S. RAUSCHER, GermanyFoundation Stiffness and Aerodynamic Behaviour of a Building 298L MAERTENS, J.L. GOVAERTS, BelgiumSupporting the Concurrent Conceptual Design of Buildings 300J. MILES, D. BOUCHLAGHEM, C. ANUMBA, et al, UKStructural Safety and Reliability of Post-Tensioned Floor-Slabs 302U. ALBRECHT, G. RAYNARD, GermanyRecent Advancement in Tall Earthquake Resistant Structures 304H.U. BAUMANN, USAActive Vibration Isolation of Structures with Vibration Sensitive Equipment 306C. BLOCK, H.P WOELFEL, GermanyHolistic Design and Analysis for an Out-of-Codes Tall Building Structure 308J. CHEN, J. DING, Y. PAN, et al, ChinaInterfacial Stresses in Beams Strengthened with Composite Plates 310J. DENG, M.M.K. LEE, UKDesign of Large-Span Roof of Capital Museum's New Building 312Z. FAN, ChinaRisk and System Analysis Model in Geotechnical Engineering 314S. HINTZE, M. CARLSSON, H. STILLE, SwedenRehabilitation of the Roof Structure at a Sports Center in Belgrade 316M. KOMNENOVIC, B. STEVANOVIC, SCGAcceptance Criteria for the Design of High-Rise Buildings 3180. KUBLER, M.H. FABER, M. FONTANA, SwitzerlandStorey-Based Buckling of Multi-Storey Unbraced Frames 320Y LIU, L XU, CanadaTo Probabilistic Reliability Assessment Methods Applicable in Codes 322P. MAREK, D. PUSTKA, Czech

12 i f

Reinforcing Methods for Prefabricated Timber- Framed Walls 324M. PREMROV, P. DOBRILA, SloveniaAnalysis for Prestressed Concrete Bridge 326Q. HUANG, H. WU, Z. WANG, ChinaDisaster Mitigation of Gas Explosions in Buildings 328H. SCHMIDT, C.A. GRAUBNER, GermanyForm Finding for Compression-Only or Tension-Only Structures 330J.W. TANG, Y XIE, P. FELICETTI, AustraliaOptimization of Adaptive Structures 332P. TEUFFEL, GermanyBeam-Column Connections in Multi-Story Steel Frame 334X. WANG, Y. LIANG, Q. LI, et al, ChinaReliable Structural Damage Assessment Using Energy Density Spectra 336K.K.F. WONG, Y. WANG, SingaporeThe Petuelring Tunnel in Munich, Germany 338O. WURZER, R. WULF, GermanyGiant "CD" Canopy of Beijing Zhongguancun Software Plaza 340T. ZHANG, F. LIU, China IEvaluation for Weak-Beam-Strong-Column Designed Frames •' 342Y ZHAO, T. ONO, X. LIU, JapanSeismic Interaction of Wall and Frame in Tall Buildings 344G. GHODRATIAMIRI, M. ROUHI, IranLoad Carrying Behaviour of Cable Clamps 346M. BECHTOLD, H. SAAL, GermanyAnalysis and Experimental Studies of Building Glass Facade : 348J. BUJNAK, J. ODROBINAK, SlovakiaNon Linear Analysis and Design of Externally Prestressed Beams 350A. CAUVIN, M. GIUDICI, ItalyFire Resistance of Steel Columns with Partial Loss of Fire Protection 352M. FONTANA, M. KNOBLOCH, SwitzerlandCases of Early Thermal Crack Calculations in Hot Regions 354Z. HATUSH, M. TAWIL, A. KHOJA, LibyaDurability of GFRP-Concrete Bonded Interfaces 356J. JIA, T.E. BOOTHBY, C.E. BAKIS, USACrowchild Trail Improvement Project in Calgary, Canada 358J. JIANG, T.F. ROGERS, CanadaAnalysis of a New Type of Communication Guyed Masts 360Z. KAMAITIS, A. JUOZAPAITIS, D. JATULIS, LithuaniaNonlinear Finite Element Analysis Applied to Concrete Structures 362J. KOLLEGGER, C. PREISINGER, AustriaHistoric Buildings Under Earthquake Load 364W. KUHLMANN, Germany

mim ̂ 13

Innovative Systems for a Sustainable Architechture and Engineering 366M. MEZZI, P. VERDUCCI, J.J. LIU, ItalyDevelopment of Transport Mode Choice Model with Neural Network 368M. MAHMUD, BangladeshStrengthening of Steel Plates in Tension with CFRP Strips 370K. NOZAKA, T. FURUKAWA, K. SUZUKAWA, JapanStability Concepts in Design of Stadia in Germany 372/. RETZEPIS, GermanyNonlinear Analysis of Flexural Reinforced Concrete Structures Strength 374V. SHMUKLER, I. LUCHKOVSKY, UkraineLocal Buckling in CFRP Sandwich Panels 376Y. TATEISHI, S. YAMADA, JapanDeflection Curve of Shear Wall-Braced Frame Structures 378S. WANG, ChinaTheXizhimen Exchange Traffic Hub Project in Beijng, China 380J.M. WEILL, FranceDesign and Research of Gymnasium Structure in Zhejiang University 382K. WU, Y. ZHUANG, J. XU, China /Seismic Behaviour of Steel-Concrete Mixed Structures 384X. YAN, Y. ZHANG, H. HUANG, et al, ChinaSeismic Performance of Prestressed Composite Beams 386W. XUE, J. LI, ChinaComputer Aided Design for Tension Membrane Structures 388T.H. ZHANG, S.L. MCCABE, USA

Construction and Materials of Bridges (3B)

Viaduct Construction in Downtown of Shanghai 390L ZHOU, J. LI, Y. ZUO, ChinaSuspension Bridge Cable Replacement 392/. HOSSAIN, P. SLUSZKA, USAFoundation Pit of Runyang Bridge North Anchorage 394L. Jl, F. SUI, R. SONG, ChinaSteel-Free FRP Composite Deck System 396G. MOUSSA, L. ZHAO, USAFirst Cable Stayed Stress-Laminated Timber Footbridge in Brazil 398E. PLETZ, C. CAUL JR, F.A.R. LAHR, etal, BrazilModular Expansion Joints for World's Largest Bridges 4 0 °T. SPULER, G. MOOR, SwitzerlandConstruction Control of Lupu Arch Bridge 402Y. ZANG, D. SUN, J. GONG, ChinaConnections of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bridge Decks 404A. ZHOU, T. KELLER, Switzerland

1 4

Construction Control Technique of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge 406C. CHEN, D. YAN, ChinaA Long-Span PC Cable-Stayed Bridge 408T. CHEN, D. HAN, ChinaExperiments on Shear Connections of Girders with Prefabricated Slabs 410C. CHUNG, C. SHIM, et al, KoreaLifecycle Evaluation of Base-Isolated Rubber Bearings 412K. SATOH, Y. ITOH, A. YAZAWA, et al, Japan

Construction and Materials of Structures (3S)

Current Trends in Tall Building Construction 414S. KIND, GermanyProduct and Process Models on Construction Sites 416J. REINHARDT, J.H. GARRETT Jr.,B. AKINCI, USAProgressive Collapse of Buildings after Failure of a Story j 418D. BUZZINI, A. DAZIO, M. FONTANA, Switzerland /Concrete Damage under Repeated Loading and High Temperatures 420T. CHEN, X. GU, Z. SHEN, et al, ChinaTransrapid - A High Speed Magnetically Levitated Train System 422H. FALKNER, V. HENKE, GermanyConcrete Beam with CFRP Tendons and Steel Reinforcements 424Z. FANG, T.I. CAMPBELL, ChinaA Large-Span Roof System Made of High-Strength FRP 426P. FENG, L YE, R. BAO, et al, ChinaTimber-Innovations in Composite Construction - Connecting Techniques 428M. GEROLD, GermanyTextile Reinforcement within Self Compacting Concrete 430J. HEGGER, J. NIEWELS, N. WILL, GermanyHigh Efficient Dehumidification System for Main Cables 432Y HOU, SwedenSafety of Laminated Glass Structures after Initial Failure 434A. KOTT, T. VOGEL, SwitzerlandOptimisation of Embodied Energy in Domestic Construction 436S. TING, S. DE SILVA, AustraliaHigh Strength Steel-Concrete Composite Box Columns 438B. UY, AustraliaNew Architectural Design of Glass-Steel-Composite Structures 440N. ALBRECHT, H. SAAL, GermanyImproved Quality of Concrete Surfaces by a Vertical Compaction 442Y. ALVARSSON, SwedenQuality Assurance during Construction Process 444H.J. BARGSTADT, S. WEYHE, Germany

15

Product Innovation and Improved Performance of Concrete 446G. HOFFMANN, GermanyMoment Resisting Connections with Post-Installed Reinforcement Bars 448J. KUNZ, B. HAMAD, LiechtensteinPrestressed Concrete Beams with Additional Compression and Tension 450X. MOU, Q. WANG, W. XIE, ChinaAFRP Reinforced Frame Structure Under Seismic Load 452M. TANG, J.YU, Y. WEI, ChinaGuideway System of the Monorail Kuala Lumpur 454R. VON WOLFEL, M. BRAUN, GermanyConcrete Column Shortening due to Creep and Shrinkage 456C.Y. WONG, K.S.P. DE SILVA, AustraliaStatic Behaviour Reactive of Powder Concrete Beams 458G. XIAO, R. GAO, P. STOREVEN, ChinaThermal Stress Analysis of Polymer Strengthened Concrete Structure 460W. XU, J. YU, Y. WEI, ChinaFiber Bragg Grating Sensing for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Structures 462S. YAM AD A, H. NAKAZAWA, I. KOMIYA{ etal, Japan

Maintenance, Operation and Life Cycle Consideration of Bridges (4B)

Structural Monitoring Systems Based on Fiber Optics 464J.R. CASAS, P.J.S. CRUZ, V. VILLALBA, SpainBridge Strengthening with Prestressed CFRP Plate Systems 466M. BASLER, W. LIMIN, R. CLENIN, SwitzerlandEvolution of Stay Cable Monitoring Using Ambient Vibration 468R. GEIER, AustriaMaintenance in the World's Longest Suspension Bridge 470M. OKUDA, I. YAMADA, JapanLoad Testing of a Large Viaduct 472L.O. SANTOS, J. RODRIGUES, M. XU, PortugalAsset Value and Maintenance Necessity Level of Bridges 474M. SATO, S. MIKAMI, K. IKEDA, et al, JapanFatigue Cracking in Steel Bridge Piers in Tokyo Expressway 476M. SHIMONISHI, T. KONISHI, Y. NAKANISHI, et al, JapanStructural Health Monitoring Approach for Stonecutters Bridge 478K.Y. WONG, M.C.H. HUI, Hong Kong, ChinaEvaluation and Rehabilitation of Existing Steel Truss Bridges 480Y.E. ZHOU, USABridge Assessment: Material Degradation for Repair and Strengthening 482M. CONTALDO, Italy

16 if

Fatigue Damage in Steel Bridges Techniques and Retrofits 484J.C. MCGORMLEY, PL POPOVIC, USAConcrete Bridge Instrumentation for Seismic and Long-Term Monitoring 486/. ROBERTSON, G. JOHNSON, K. AKI, USARemaining Service Life of a 96 Year Old Riveted Truss Bridge 488C. WANG, W. CHEN, A. CHEN, China

Maintenance, Operation and Life Cycle Consideration of Structures (4S)

Structures and Monitoring • 490H. FALKNER, M. TEUTSCH, GermanyRepair and Renewal of Existing Structures in Seismic Zones 492C. BOB, S. DAN, RomaniaInspection, Repair and Post-Repair Fatigue Behavior 494X. CHENG, J.W. FISHER, B.T. YEN, et al, USA IPrediction Method for Life Cycle Costs of Administration Buildings 496C.A. GRAUBNER, G.W. RIEGEL, GermanyCrack Monitoring with Electrically Conductive Film Sensor 498H. KUMAGAI, H. INADA, Y. OKUHARA, JapanNumerical Analysis of Anchor Piles for Deep Excavations 500F. RACKWITZ, GermanyPublic-Private-Partnerships for Integrated Urban Infrastructures 502S.J. EIBL, GermanyRetrofitting of Buildings Using Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Techniques 504B.K. LIM, Z. SONG, ChinaEstimating Ultimate Strength of U-Shaped Steel Girders in Shear 506K. TAMADA, K. ONO, N. NISHIMURA, JapanComplex Maps of the State of Concrete Structures 508A. WAWRUSIEWICZ, Poland