I. ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

CONTENT STANDARD

The learners demonstrate an

understanding of

the formation of the universe

and the solar system

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

The learners:1. State the different hypotheses

explaining the origin of the

universe.

2. Describe the different hypotheses

explaining the origin of the solar

system.

COSMOLOGY is the branch of science that

studies the origin, evolution

and fate of the universe

ACTIVITY #1 :

JUMBLED WORD VISUAL CLUE ANSWER

A G R

E L

LARGE

A S G GAS

ACTIVITY #1 :

JUMBLED WORD VISUAL CLUE ANSWER

A R S

T S

STARS

SUDT

LODUSC

DUST

CLOUDS

ACTIVITY #1 :

JUMBLED WORD VISUAL CLUE ANSWER

SPL

TANE

PLANETS

L X G

A A Y

GALAXY

The UNIVERSE is a

(1) _________ unimaginable

expanse of (2) ___________,

(3) _________, (4) _________,

and consists of (5)_________

and (6)____________.

large

gasstars dust clouds

planetsgalaxy

UNIVERSE is large unimaginable

expanse of gas, stars, dust

clouds, and consists of

planets and galaxy.

Big Bang Theory

Steady State / Infinite Universe Theory

Pulsating Universe Theory

SOLAR SYSTEM is the gravitationally bound

system comprising the Sun

and the objects that orbit

around it, either directly or

indirectly.

SOLAR SYSTEM it is in constant motion, with

the planets and their moons,

comets, asteroids and other

space objects revolving

around the Sun.

The masses of the planets are

also concentrated in the Gas

Giant planets Jupiter, Saturn,

Uranus, and Neptune.

• The large mass of these

planets comes from

their absolute sizes, not

their densities.

• The inner planets are by far the most dense.

TERRESTRIAL (Inner Planets)

• made of materials with high melting points

such as silicates, iron , and nickel

• rotate slower, have thin or no atmosphere

Mercury Venus Earth Mars

JOVIAN(Outer Planets)

• gas giants

• rotate faster

• have thick

atmosphere

PLANET BIYO

is a minor planet named after a

Filipino teacher, Dr. Josette Biyo

Planet

13241

Found in

the Main

Asteroid

Belt

between

Mars and

Jupiter

1) MERCURY

• INNERMOST AND

SWIFTEST PLANET• ALBEDO 0F 6%

• DAYLIGHT & DARKNESS BOTH LAST 88

DAYS

• TEMPERATURE RANGE OF -300F TO 800F

• VERY LITTLE ATMOSPHERE

2) VENUS• SIMILAR IN SIZE, DENSITY AND MASS

TO EARTH

• THICK CLOUD OF

CARBON DIOXIDE• SURFACE TEMPS OF 900F DUE TO GREENHOUSE

EFFECT

• ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS 90 TIMES THAT OF EARTH

• IF EARTH IS HEAVEN THEN VENUS IS HELL

4) MARS

• WHITE POLAR ICE CAPS

• HAVE GREAT RIFT VALLEY

• VERY DRY PLANET

• REDDISH ROCK, SAND AND

SOIL

5) JUPITER

• 2 1/2 TIMES LARGER THAN ALL

OTHER PLANETS COMBINED

• 1 DAY LASTS 10 HOURS DUE TO FAST ROTATION

• HURRICANE-LIKE STORM SYSTEMS

WITH WINDS OF 1000 MPH - GREAT

RED SPOT• SURFACE OF LIQUID HYDROGEN OCEAN

• SOME MOONS [61] AS LARGE AS MARS

MOONS OF JUPITERDISCOVERED BY GALILELO

61? TOTAL MOONS• CALLISTO

• GANYMEDE

• IO

• EUROPA

6) SATURN• 29 1/2 YEARS TO

MAKE ONE

REVOLUTION

• SYSTEM OF

RINGS• HIGH WIND SPEEDS

1000+ MPH

7) URANUS

• SURROUNDED BY POLAR CIRCLING RINGS

• KNOWN AS THE GREEN PLANET

• METHANE IN

ATMOSPHERE• ROTATES ON ITS SIDE

8) NEPTUNE

• TWIN PLANET TO URANUS• BY POLAR CIRCLING RINGS

• KNOWN AS THE GREEN PLANET

• METHANE IN ATMOSPHERE• ROTATES ON ITS SIDE

9) PLUTO• MAY NOT BE A PLANET

BUT A TRANSITION

BETWEEN COMET AND

PLANET • AVERAGE TEMP OF -350F

• LARGE DIRTY

ICEBALL• 248 YEARS TO ORBIT SUN

MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

1) COMETS

2) ASTEROIDS

3) METEOROIDS

MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

COMETS Often compared to large, “dirty snowballs”

Composition:

• Frozen gases

• Rocky and metallic materials• Frozen gases vaporize when near the Sun

• Produces a glowing head called the coma

• Some may develop a tail that points away from

Sun due to radiation pressure and the solar wind

ORIENTATION OF A COMET’S

TAIL AS IT ORBITS THE SUN

Figure 22.27

HALE-BOPP

SUNSINGER

MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

ASTEROIDS• Irregular shapes AND Origin is

uncertain • Most lie between Mars and Jupiter

• Small bodies – largest (Ceres) is about 620 miles in

diameter

• Some have very eccentric orbits

• Many of the recent impacts on the Moon and Earth

were collisions with asteroids

THE ORBITS OF MOST ASTEROIDS LIE BETWEEN

MARS AND JUPITER

Figure 22.25

MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

METEOROIDS• are called meteors when they enter Earth’s

atmosphere

• are called as meteorites when they are

found on Earth

• A meteor shower occurs when Earth

encounters a swarm of meteoroids

associated with a comet’s path

References

• Earth and Life Science