I - Week 2 Vocabulary1. Conscientious – adj. Meticulous; careful2.  Abyss – n. An immeasurably deep void3. Escapade – n. a usually adventurous action4.  Innocuous – adj. Not harmful or offensive counter

to approved conduct5. Languid – adj. slow and relaxed6. Dejected – adj. Sad and depressed7. Adhere – v. Believe in and follow the practices of8. Emblem – n. A distinctive badge, design or device 9. Disheveled – adj. Untidy; disordered10. Kindle – v. Arouse or inspire

Warm UpDirections: Read & silently respond for 5 minutes.

PAIN-FREE GRAMMAR REVIEWParts of Speech

Nouns

Nouns Person Place Thing Idea

Common vs. Proper Determines capitalization Proper nouns name specific…

People: Mom Places: England Things that have formal names: Dead Poets’

Society Events: New Year’s Eve

Always capitalized

Note: Capitalize adjectives that are forms of

proper nouns: French bread, Texan beauty queen.

Common vs. Proper Common nouns refer to informal,

generically named… People: poet Places: country Things: movie Events: holiday

not capitalized

Concrete vs. Abstract Concrete nouns occupy space or

can be detected by the senses: My dog, Buster, wagged his tail as he sniffed the wind.

Concrete vs. Abstract Abstract nouns name an idea, a

quality, or a characteristic. Love is the center of all great

friendships. Attraction and devotion are key

elements of a good marriage.

Collective Nouns look like a singular word but

name a group It can be considered singular or

plural, depending on the meaning. the family that couple the audience the board (of directors)

Why does this matter? You will need to decide from context

whether the collective noun is singular or plural, and make sure all associated verbs and pronouns match in number.

Example I asked the board for its

approval. (not “their approval”) (Here, “board” is singular, because the board is acting as a unit.)

Example I asked the board to raise their

hands if they approved. (not “its hands…it approved”) (Here, “board” is plural, because the individual members raise their hands individually.)

Example The family decided to take its

vacation in the mountains this year. (Family acting as one unit, taking its vacation.)

Example The family may write their

signatures in the special guestbook in the lobby. (Family members are writing their names as individuals.)

Review

Collective Nouns Review The council spent all its/their time

debating the new budget. The class raised its/their

hand/hands to show Mrs. Rennie it/they understood collective nouns.

Pronouns

Pronoun a word that replaces another noun in a

sentence. Common Pronouns:

I, me, we, us, you, she, her, him, it, they, them

*Note: This occurs so that the sentence will not be repetitive, and so that it will “flow” better.

Examples1. Brandon is a dancer, and he likes to

dance on a regular basis. 2.  I am tired of Jordan’s verbal abuse. I

can not take it any more. 3.  The apple is mine.

That’s easier to say than…The apple is Ashley Rennie’s

Independent PracticeDirections: Copy the sentences, underline

the pronoun, and then circle the noun that it replaces.

1.  Allie, are you going to the party tonight?

2. Rob said that he would be absent today.

3. Nick left his candy wrapper on the ground.

Independent Practice ContinuedDirections: Copy the sentences, and fill in the

blank with the correct pronoun.

4. Lauren spends much of ____________________ time in Carolina Beach.

5. Stephanie would ____________________ please be quiet?

6. All of Harris’s friends sent him _____________________________ best wishes.

Adjectives

Adjectives Describe nouns and pronouns

Ex. clean, happy, free

We have a respectful class. This is an awesome song.

Independent PracticeDirections: Copy the sentences, circle the noun that is

modified/described, and underline each adjective. Example: There once was a funny student.

1. A strange creature crept out of the water.

2. A steady diet of candy is bad for your health.

3. Many people watched as the new record was set.

4. Jada wasted the first wish because she had not given the matter enough thought.

Adjective Punctuation

Punctuation Rule When using several adjectives in a row,

use commas when necessary. Examples:

My big fat Greek wedding was a disaster.

(no commas needed)My energetic, playful, mischievous Doberman puppy knocks things over.

(some commas needed)

How can you tell when to use commas?

If you could change the order of the adjectives without making the list sound funny…

OR If you could put the word “and” between

2 adjectives… then you NEED commas between them.

Order Test My Greek fat big wedding was a disaster.

(no commas needed because rearranging

them sounds dumb) My mischievous, playful, energetic

Doberman puppy knocks things over. (commas needed because the adjectives

they separate could go in any order)

“And” Test You would not say:

My big and fat and Greek wedding was a disaster. (so no commas needed between these

adjectives)  But you COULD say:

My energetic and playful and mischievous Doberman puppy knocks things over. (anywhere you could put “and,” put a comma)

Verbs

Verb a word that expresses action or a state

of being.  Examples: run, sing, dance, dunk Also: is, am, are, were, was

Tenses Verbs have different tenses: past,

present, future Sleep

Yesterday, James slept in class. I never sleep in class.  Most likely, James will sleep in class

tomorrow.

A good trick: Whenever you are trying to figure out

whether a word is a verb or not, always try this trick:

I ________________ We __________________ You ___________________ He/She ________________

*If it makes sense, it’s a verb!

Adverb – a word that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another verb.     *Adverbs answer the questions such as: “how” “when” “where” “how much”   *Also… most adverbs usually end in –ly.   Examples: really, coldly, rarely, early, very, every, always     1. Nick is a very good student.     2. Mr. Bowen is usually nice to students.       3. The cafeteria food is usually very good.       *It is important that we know all of these parts of speech so that we can construct complex and descriptive

sentences. Our goal in this class is to become effective communicators. These are all tools that will allow us to be more free, and allow us to make more meaning with our speech.

Literary Devices1. Foreshadowing 2. Imagery 3. Simile 4. Metaphor 5. Extended Metaphor 6. Characterization7. Dramatic irony8. Verbal irony9. Situational irony10. Personification 11. Hyperbole

12. Dialogue 13. Alliteration 14. Allusion 15. Anaphora 16. Allegory 17. Symbol 18. Theme 19. Diction 20. Mood 21. Tone