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Name Date ---------

~ sEcnoN Qu•z Kennedy and the Cold War Section 1

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the name or term that best matches the description. A name or term may be used more than once or not at all.

a. hot line e. flexible response i. Nikita Khrushchev b. Bay of Pigs f. John F. Kennedy j. Cuban missile crisis c. Berlin Wall g. Richard M. Nixon k. Limited Test Ban Treaty d. Fidel Castro h. massive retaliation

1. He accepted Soviet aid for Cuba.

2. This involved an invasion of Cuba.

3. He lost the 1960 presidential election.

4. This separated East Germany from West Germany.

5. He squared off against Kennedy during the Berlin crisis.

6. This barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

7. This military strategy was adopted during the Kennedy presidency.

8. This was a direct communication link set up during. Kennedy's presidency.

9. His religious beliefs were an important issue of the 1960 presidential campaign.

___ 10. This strategy was intended to broaden America's range of options during international crises by "strengthening and modernizing the military's ability to fight a nonnuclear war."

B. Extended Response Briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper.

Discuss the results of any two Soviet-American confrontations during the Kennedy presidency.

370 Unit 6, Chapter 20

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~ SECTION QUIZ The New Frontier Section 2

A. Terms and Names If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true.

Example: Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the assassination of President

Kennedy. t,-ve

Example: Fidel Castro was shot and killed by a nightclub owner named Jack

Ruby. Lee Harvey Oswald

1. Once elected president, Kennedy set out to transform the vision he had

outlined in his campaign into a legislative agenda called the Fair Deal.

2. Because Kennedy was elected by a slim margin, he lacked a popular mandate.

3. The Peace Corps is a program in which the assistance of U.S. volunteers is

offered to the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

4. The Alliance for Progress offered economic and technical assistance to help

Communist countries improve their_living standards.

5. In 1963 the Ruby Commission concluded that President Kennedy's assassination

was not part of a conspiracy.


Identify some of the promises that Kennedy never had a chance to fulfill and the two main reasons that he was unable to fulfill those promises .

The New Frontier and the Great Society 371

Name ------------------------------------------------ Date

~ sEcnoN Qu•z The Great Society Section 3

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term that matches the description. Not all terms will be used.

a. Baker v. Carr e. Miranda v. Arizona b. The Warren Court f. Gideon v. Wainwright c. Civil Rights Act g. Medicare and Medicaid d. reapportionment h. Immigration Act of 1965

i. Economic Opportunity Act j. Brown v. Board of Education k. Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1. Great Society

l. This created the Job Corps, VISTA, and Project Head Start.

2. This banned prayer in public schools and brought about change in federal and state reapportionment and the criminal justice system.

3. In this case, the Supreme Court established the principle of "one person, one vote."

4. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that all suspects must be "read their rights" before questioning.

5. These provided free or low-cost medical insurance to welfare recipients and most Americans age 65 and older.

6. This provided federal aid to help public and parochial schools purchase textbooks and new library materials.

7. This term refers to the way in which states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them:

8. In this case, the Supreme Court required criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it.

9. This replaced the national origins system with a new quota system that allowed more people from outside of Europe to settle in the United States.

_____ 10. This legislative program summed up President Johnson's vision for America.


What do you think were the most important accomplishments of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society and the Warren Court? Why were they important?


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~ CHAPTER TEST The New Frontier and the Great Society

Form A

Part 1: Main Ideas

Write the letter of the best answer. ( 4 points each)

1. John F. Kennedy, the Democratic nominee for President in 1960, was a senator from

a. NewYork. b. California. c. Texas. d. Massachusetts.

2. Kennedy appointed his brother, Robert, to serve as a. secretary of state. b. attorney general. c. secretary of defense. d. a justice of the Supreme Court.

3. The hot line established in 1963 did all of the following except a. link the White House and the Kremlin. b. make communication in a crisis easier. c. ease Cold War tensions. d. bar nuclear testing.

4. The Peace Corps, a program of volunteer assistance to developing nations, was

a. proposed by Kennedy and failed. b. proposed by Johnson and failed. c. proposed by Kennedy and succeeded. d. proposed by Johnson and succeeded.

5. After investigating the assassination of JFK, the Warren Commission concluded that

a. Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. b. Jack Ruby acted alone. c. there was evidence of a conspiracy. d. the CIA was involved.

6. The Economic Opportunity Act did all of the following except a. offer foreign aid to Latin American countries. b. give underprivileged preschoolers a head start. c. encourage poor people to join in public-works programs. d. create a training program for youth.


Name

7. Lyndon Baines Johnson, who became president when Kennedy was assassinated, was

a. never elected president by the people. b. an experienced politician. c. mistrusted because he was a Catholic. d. opposed to the Great Society.

8. Medicare, a federal program established for Americans age 65 and over, was intended to provide

a. housing. c. education. b. transportation. d. health insurance.

9. The Immigration Act of 1965 a. stopped immigration from European countries. b. stopped immigration from non-European countries. c. ended quotas based on nationality. d. began quotas based on nationality.

10. Decisions of the Warren Court were ---a. of little importance to the average American. b. praised by liberals. c. praised by conservatives. d. an obstacle to change in election districts.

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to answer questions 11-15 on page 375. Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

Test Form A continued

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___ 11. How many Soviet missiles sites are shown? a. four c. six b. five d. seven

___ 12. How many U.S. air bases are shown? a. two c. four b. three d. five

___ 13. Which of the following locations in the United States is closest to Cuba?

a. Miami c. Swan Island b. Cape Canaveral d. KeyWest

___ 14. Which statement about the U.S. blockade is true? a. The air patrol covered a larger area than the naval blockade. b. The naval blockade covered a larger area than the air patrol. c. The air patrol and naval blockade covered the same area. d. There was no naval blockade.

___ 15. Which U.S. air base is closest to the Soviet missiles? a. Puerto Rico c. Key West b. Miami d. Guantanamo

Part 3: Interpreting Political Cartoons

Test Form A continued

Use the cartoon to answer questions 16-20 on page 376. Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

-published in Chicago Tribune, June 1961


Name Test Form A continued

___ 16. Who is the taller man in the cartoon? a. Lyndon Johnson b. Nikita Khrushchev c. John Kennedy d. Robert Kennedy

17. Who is the shorter man? ---a. Lyndon Johnson b. Nikita Khrushchev c. John Kennedy d. Robert Kennedy

18. What does each man have in his hands? ---a. a yard stick b. a tape measure c. a pencil d. masking tape

___ 19. What is· the expression on the face of each man? a. sad b. happy c. triumphant d. serious

20. Which event is least related to this cartoon? ---a. the Kennedy assassination b. the Berlin crisis c. the Cuban missile crisis d. the Cold War relationship of the United States and the Soviet Union

Part 4: Extended Response

Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

21. Name two laws that were passed as part of the Great Society and explain the purpose of each law. Think About:

• discrimination • "war on poverty" • health insurance • standards in the automobile industry

22. Explain how the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban missile crisis, and the Berlin crisis each placed the United States in conflict with the Soviet Union. Think About:

• Castro's ties to the Soviet Union • placement of missiles in Cuba • reasons for the construction of the Berlin Wall


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Form B

Part 1: Main Ideas

If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. (4 points each)

Example: The first president of the United States was George Washington.

trve

Example: John F. Kennedy resigned from office following the Watergate Scandal.

Richard Nixon

1. A decisive factor in the election of 1960 was television coverage of the

Eisenhower endorsement.

2. Concerned that reliance on nuclear weapons limited U.S. military options, the

Kennedy administration developed the flexible response policy. __________ _

3. For several days, the Berlin Wall crisis brought the world uncomfortably close to

the brink of nuclear war.

4. The Alliance for Progress was a foreign aid program for Latin American.

countries.

5. The Kennedy family reminded many Americans of the romantic and optimistic

vision presented in the Broadway musical My Fair Lady. ------~------

6. In the moments before an assassin's bullet ended his life, President Kennedy

waved to cheering crowds of Houston citizens.

7. Johnson's VI~TA program was sometimes called the "domestic Peace Corps"

because it organized volunteers to help people in the United States.

8. Medicare extended health insurance to those on welfare.

9. The Warren Court upheld prayer in public schools.


Name Test Form B continued

10. The reapportionment of election districts shifted political power from urban

to rural areas.-----------------------------

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (2 points each)

___ 11. According to the map, how many U.S. aircraft carriers were used to reinforce the blockade?

a. three c. five b. four d. six

___ 12. Approximately how wide was the area of the air patrol at its widest point?

a. 200 miles c. 800 miles b. 400 miles d. 1200 miles

___ 13. In which part of Cuba were the Soviet missiles located? a. southwestern c. northwestern b. southeastern d. northeastern

___ 14. Which place outside the area of the air patrol had a U.S. air base? a. Miami c. Key West

· b. Puerto Rico d. Guantanamo

___ 15. Which country outside the area of air patrol was closest to the westernmost U.S. naval blockade?

a. Mexico b. Honduras


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Use the map on page 378 to answer the following questions ln complete sentences. Write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (5 points each)

16. What effect would the U.S. base on Guantanamo have on the blockade?

17. According to the map, what European nation might be concerned with the events of the Cuban missile crisis? Why?


Test Forrn B continued

Use the cartoon to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (2 points each)

___ 18. What are Kennedy and Khrushchev doing in this cartoon? a. dancing c. threatening each other b. measuring each other d. fighting

___ 19. In which way are the two men most alike? a. how tall they are c. how they wear their hair b. what they are doing d. what kind of books they like

___ 20. Why are there two books on the ground? a. The men were reading but have now lost interest in the books. b. The men are meeting in a library. c. The men plan to write down the information they gather. d. The books have no significance.



Name -----------------------------------

___ 21. Which of the following best describes the men's facial expressions? a. angry c. serious b. excited d. upset

--- 22. What is suggested by the way the two men are posed? a. They are afraid of each other. b. They know each other well enough to stand close together. c. They are trying to get away from each other. d. Each one barely notices the other is there.

Use the cartoon to answer the following questions in complete sentences. (5 points each)

23. How does this cartoon illustrate Kennedy and Khrushchev's relationship?

24. Why do these leaders need to be precise in examining each other?


Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

25. What were the major achievements of the Great Society? What were some of its flaws? Think About:

• education and economic programs • reforms of Social Security, immigration, and civil rights laws • costs and abuses of programs

26. The Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban missile crisis, and the Berlin crisis all occurred during the Kennedy presidency. During which of these events was Kennedy most effective? Explain your answer. Think About:

• results of the Bay of Pigs invasion • how the Cuban missile crisis was resolved • how the Berlin crisis was resolved


Test Form B continued

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Form C

Part 1: Main Ideas

Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

1. Which was not a factor working against Kennedy in the 1960 election? a. age c. debate performance b. religion d. serious policy differences with his opponent

2. What was the main purpose of the flexible response military strategy? a. to enable the United States to fight limited wars around the world b. to decrease the number of nuclear weapons c. to prepare for the Bay of Pigs invasion d. to reduce defense spending

3. What contributed to the end of the Cuban missile crisis? a. America's secret promise to remove missiles from Turkey b. the discovery that the missiles had been removed c. Castro's promise to restore democracy d. Castro's promise to break with the Soviet Union

4. What was the main reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall? a. to embarrass America b. to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin c. to reduce Cold War tensions d. to demonstrate the success of communism

5. Which was not a result of Kennedy's New Frontier initiatives? a. expansion of the military c. the Peace Corps b. acceleration of the space program d. higher taxes

6. How did America react to news that the Soviet Union was the first to put a man in space?

a. indifference b. pride in human achievement

c. determination not to lose the space race d. threats of military action

7. Which of the following reflects the findings of the Warren Commission? a. Oswald and Ruby were part of a conspiracy. b. Oswald acted alone. c. Cuban exiles were involved. d. The FBI was involved.

8. What was one result of Johnson's Great Society initiatives? a. a balanced budget b. reduction in the power of the federal government c. a conservative backlash d. increased taxes


Name Test Form C continued

9. What was the major factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Goldwater in 1964?

a. Johnson's domestic agenda b. Goldwater's liberalism c. Johnson's determination to fight communism in South Vietnam d. Goldwater's call for the use of nuclear weapons against Cuba and Vietnam

___ 10. Which of the following groups was intended to benefit the most from the Great Society programs?

a. minorities and the poor c. farmers and laborers b. white, middle-class families d. businessmen

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to answer the following questions in complete sentences. (4 points each)


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11. What was the role of the U.S. navy during the Cuban missile crisis, as shown on the map?

12. Based on the map, how did the U.S. Navy and Air Force work together during the Cuban missile crisis?


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13. Why did the air patrol not include Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands?

14. How does the map show why the United States was concerned about Soviet missiles in Cuba?

15. How does the map show why even a small island like Puerto Rico can be strategically important to the United States?


Use the cartoon to answer questions 16-20 on page 384 in complete sentences. ( 4 points each)


Test Form C continued


Name

16. Who are the two men in the cartoon? What are they doing?

17. Why does each man have a pencil and a notebook?

18. How do you interpret the facial expression each man wears?

19. What is the symbolic meaning of what the two men are doing?

20. How does this cartoon apply to the events of the Cuban missile crisis?


Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

21. What were some of the major decisions of the Warren Court, and how do they affect our lives today? Think About:

• prayer in public schools • the issue of censorship • reapportionment of election districts • rights of criminals

22. Contrast the presidential election of 1960 with that of 1964 in terms of issues and results. Think About:

• the candidates in each election • their positions on issues • margins of victory • each winner's ability to get proposals enacted


Test Form C continued

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