I. Science is not A collection of never-changing facts or beliefs about the world.
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Transcript of I. Science is not A collection of never-changing facts or beliefs about the world.
What is Science?
I. Science is not
I. Science is not
• A collection of never-changing facts or beliefs about the world.
II. Science is
II. Science is
• A way of knowing.• An organized way
of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.
II. Science is• A process. In the other
words, a systematic series of actions directed at some end.
• Is subject to change and uncertainty– Scientists utilize current
technologies to acquire the best understanding of the natural world.
III. Scientific Methodology
III. Scientific Methodology
• Is a series of actions that are utilized to acquire knowledge of the natural world.
III. Scientific Methodology
• Involves– Observing and asking
questions• Scientists use their
senses to carefully notice and describe events.• Scientists ask
questions that no one has asked.
III. Scientific Methodology
• Involves • Making inferences and forming hypothesis• An inference is a logical interpretation
that is based on prior knowledge.• A hypothesis is a testable statement
that is tested by observations or experiments.
III. Scientific Methodology
• Involves – Designing controlled
experiments• In a controlled
experiment one variable is changed while others are kept constant or controlled.
III. Scientific Methodology
– In a controlled experiment one variable is changed while others are kept constant or controlled.• The independent variable is the one that is
deliberately changed and may effect the experimental outcome.• The dependent variable is the one that is kept
constant and changes in response to the independent variable.
III. Scientific Methodology
• Designing controlled experiments– Controlled experiments
have control and experimental groups.• The control group is used
for comparison.• The experimental group
is exposed to the variable that is being tested.
III. Scientific Methodology
• Involves – Collecting and analyzing
data• Data are detailed records
of experimental observations or gathered information.
The main types of data areQuantitative
• Includes numbers obtained from counting or measuring.
Qualitative
• Includes descriptions of what the senses have detected.
III. Scientific Methodology
• Involves– Drawing conclusions• Conclusions are
drawn from experimental data that supports, refutes, or revises the tested hypothesis.
Experiments
Experiments
• Are not always possible.– Animal behavior
experiments require field observations that disturb animals as little as possible.
– Certain types of experiments are not ethical. • Guatemalan subjects of US medical
experiments