I. Prelude II. World War I III. The Allied Peace Settlement IV. Economic Disasters V. Politics in...

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences

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I. Prelude

II. World War I

III. The Allied Peace Settlement

IV. Economic Disasters

V. Politics in the Democracies

VI. The Western Tradition in Transition

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins


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I. PreludeA. The Balkan CrisesRussia v. AustriaBosnia and Herzegovina

1912, Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria

v. Turks

First Balkan War, 19121913, Treaty of Londoncreation of Albania

Second Balkan War, 1913

Serbs v. Bulgarians



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I. Prelude

B. Assassination at SarajevoJune 28, 1914

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip

Austrians mobilize

C. The Inevitable WarRussians mobilize, July 30Germany

von Schlieffen plan1914, Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary,

Bulgaria, Turkey



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II. Total War

27 countries

A. 1914-1916September, 1914, First Battle

of The Marne> war of attrition1915, DardanellesGallipoli

B. StalemateVerdunSommeGermans: 550,000 casualtiesBritish, French: 650,000Jutland (5/31-6/1/16)

C. The Home Frontrationing



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II. Total War

D. The Home FrontRationingPropaganda

E. United States

1914, Americans neutralGerman submarines v. British

blockadeLusitania> 1917, America enters

F. Germany’s Last Drive1917 — Eastern Front collapses> 1918, Treaty of Brest-LitovskRussia and GermanyJuly, 1918, FriedensturmField Marshall Foch

October, 1918, Kaiser abdicates

November 11, Compiègne



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Germany, Weimar Republic

A. Idealism and RealitiesFrance, Georges Clemenceau,

PremierBritain, David Lloyd George, Prime MinisterItaly, Vittorio Orlando, Prime

MinisterU.S., Woodrow Wilson, PresidentFourteen Points, January, 1918

James Balfour, Great BritainNovember, 1917Israel, Palestine

B. League of NationsApril, 1919World CourtInternational Labor Organization



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C. SettlementsSaar BasinMandates

Treaty of VersaillesGermany and Russia excludedGermany responsiblereparations$32.5 billion

D. TreatiesTreaty of St. Germain, 1919AustriaCzechs, Poles, Slavsno anschluss

Treaty of Sèvres, 1920Ottoman Empire dividedMustafa Kemal

(D. Treaties)Treaty of Lausanne, 1923Turkey

Treaty of Trianon, 1920Hungary

Treaty of Neuilly, 1919Bulgaria

E. Costs of the War

LossesRussians, 2-3 millionGermans, c. 2 millionFrench, 1.5 millionEnglish, 1 million

Austro-Hungarians, 1.2 million Turks, 325,000



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IV. Economic DisastersA. The Debt Problem

U.S.1914, debtor, $3.75 billion1919, creditor, $10 billion

B. Weimar Germany1914, 4.2 Marks/Dollar1922, 40001923, 4.2 trillion1922, Germany defaults

C. InflationFranc, 1/10Austria, prices up 14,000

timesHungary, 23,000Russia, 4 billion times

D. Consequencesautarky

Dawes Plan, 1924

Young Plan, 1929

E. The Great CrashOctober 29, 1929

F. World Depression> protective tariffsdevaluation



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A. Western SocietyCinema

AutomobilesFord, Model T

Franz Kafka (1883-1924)The MetamorphosisThe Trial

Thomas Mann (1875-1955)

Magic Mountain

Oswald SpenglerDecline of the West



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B. Britain, 1919-39David Lloyd George, 1919-22

Ramsay MacDonald, LabourPrime Minister, 1924

Zinoviev letter, 1924> conservatives, Baldwin

1924-29, BaldwinIrish Free State, 1921

Statute of Westminster, 1931Dominions of Canada,

AustraliaNew Zealand, South Africa

C. Interwar FranceMaginot mentality, 1930s1936 — Popular FrontLéon Blum (1872-1950)



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D. Eastern EuropeCzechoslovakia1918PolandMarshal Josef Pilsudskifrom 1926-351935 — to fascismBaltic States, 1918Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia

E. Portugal and SpainPortugalAntonio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-

1970)Minister of Finance, 1928> recoverySpain1931, king abdicates1936, Franciso Franco



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F. The United States1928, Herbert Hoover

1932, Franklin RooseveltNew Deal

G. Interwar Latin AmericaGood Neighbor Policy, from

1933



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VI. The Western Tradition in Transition

A. Science and Society

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)conditioned reflexes

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)psychoanalysis

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)1905 — photons1906 — Relativity theory

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)1911 — nucleus

B. ModernismStéphane Mallarmé (1842-98)

Paul Verlaine (1844-96)

Claude Debussy (1862-1918)Prelude to the Afternoon of a

Faun

Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)

(B. Modernism)Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)

12-tone system

C. New Directions in the ArtsPablo Picasso (1881-1974)

CubismLes Demoiselles d'Avignon,

1907Guernica

Henri Matisse (1869-1954)

Georgio de Chirico (1888-1978)

René Magritte (1898-1967)

Salvador Dalí (1904-89)

Man Ray (1890-1976)

Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)

Architecture - International style

I. Prelude II. World War I III. The Allied Peace Settlement IV. Economic Disasters V. Politics in...

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