I. Physical Properties Gases Gases. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory b Particles in an ideal gas… have...
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I. Physical PropertiesI. Physical Properties
GasesGases
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A. Kinetic Molecular A. Kinetic Molecular TheoryTheoryA. Kinetic Molecular A. Kinetic Molecular TheoryTheory
Particles in an ideal gas…• have no (very small) volume.• have elastic collisions. • are in constant, random, straight-
line motion.• don’t attract or repel each other.• have an avg. KE directly related to
Kelvin temperature.
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C. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesC. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesGases expand to fill any container.
• random motion
Gases are fluids (like liquids).
Gases have very low densities.• lots of empty space
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C. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesC. Characteristics of C. Characteristics of GasesGasesGases can be compressed.
• lots of empty space
Gases undergo diffusion & effusion.• random motion
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D. TemperatureD. TemperatureD. TemperatureD. Temperature
Always use absolute temperature (Kelvin) when working with gases.
ºF
ºC
K
-459 32 212
-273 0 100
0 273 373
32FC 95 K = ºC + 273
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E. PressureE. PressureE. PressureE. Pressure
area
forcepressure
Which shoes create the most pressure?
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7
Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric PressureAtmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressureis the pressure exerted by a column of air from the top of the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth.
Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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E. PressureE. PressureE. PressureE. Pressure
Barometer• measures atmospheric pressure
Mercury Barometer
Aneroid Barometer
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E. PressureE. PressureE. PressureE. Pressure
Manometer• measures contained gas pressure
U-tube Manometer Bourdon-tube gauge
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E. PressureE. PressureE. PressureE. Pressure
KEY UNITS AT SEA LEVEL
101.325 kPa (kilopascal)
1 atm
760 mm Hg
760 torr
14.7 psi
2m
NkPa
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F. STPF. STPF. STPF. STP
Standard Temperature & PressureStandard Temperature & Pressure
0°C 273 K
1 atm 101.325 kPa-OR-
STP
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G. VolumeG. VolumeG. VolumeG. Volume
Volume- The space occupied by the gas. They have an indefinite volume, they will fill any container.
Units of measure: L liter or ml milliliter
At STP, one mole of gas occupies 22.4 L of volume