I NTRO TO V ET T ECH Cellular Biology. U NIT M AP : F OLLOW A LONG IN YOUR PACKET WHAT ARE YOU...
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Transcript of I NTRO TO V ET T ECH Cellular Biology. U NIT M AP : F OLLOW A LONG IN YOUR PACKET WHAT ARE YOU...
UNIT MAP: FOLLOW ALONG IN YOUR PACKET
WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING?Objectives:
1. Id basic cell structures and functions2. Detail and Explain mitosis in mammalian
repro3. Connect basic cell biology to clinical practice
KNOW UNDERSTAND DO!Know
Basic Cell parts
Basic cell functions
Cell purposes in mammals and vet care
Understando Relationships
between partso Function
purposeo Importance of
cell biology in vet medicine
Do Label and explain cell
parts and relationships
Demonstrate types of cellular fxn’s
Explore clinical practices within vet medicine
KEY LEARNING: BASIC CELL BIOLOGY
Unit EQ: Why is it important to understand cell biology?
Concept : At Work
Lesson EQ:
How can cells malfunction?
Vocab
Benign
Malignant
Pathologist
Concept : Functions
Lesson EQ: How do cells influence body reactions?
VocabActive transportMetabolismOsmosis
Concept : Make-Up
Lesson EQ: What are the basic parts of all cells?
VocabHydrophilicHydrophobicEnzymes
BIG IDEAS!
All cells are made of Molecules: smallest part of an
item that still retains chemical properties
Biochemistry is the study of these molecules in living creatures
LIPIDS/ FATS
Combine Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen Poorly dissolvable in water
Makes it float Phospholipids
Similar to lipids Only have 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphate
group IMPORTANT!
Causes one side to Hydrophilic : attracted to water Hydrophobic : Not attracted to water
CARBOHYDRATES
Supply energy and structure to the cell Monosaccharide, disaccharides and
polysaccharides Genetic material in cells has 5 carbons
Ribose and deoxyribose GLUCOSE: energy for cells, routinely monitored
Diabetes = unbalanced glucose levels Polysaccharides
Combination of many monos Example: Starch aka glycogen
Taken into cell and used for energy Assembled into long chains + protein = glygoproteins Assist in building the cell structure
PROTEINS
Key role in structure and function of cells 50% of animal weight
Large molecules of many amino acids Type of Protein
Enzyme: protein molecules that speed chemical reactions
Antibodies: infection fighting proteins Measured to diagnose in clinical practice
NUCLEIC ACIDS Provide plans for the
construction of different proteins
Made up of different nucleotides Nucleotides= 5 carbon sugar,
phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base 3 Nitrogen Bases code for specific
amino acids Order provides genetic info on that
animal Bases differ
DNA and RNA: sugar backbones with alternating phosphates
DNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine ( C ), Guanine (G), Thymine (T)
RNA: Adenine (A), Cytosine ( C ), Guanine (G), Uracil (U) Pattern of bases determines
protein etc.
ACTIVITY BREAK
Did you get all that?
Make a concept map in the form of a relationship web connecting vocabulary together and explaining the relationship between the words on the line that you have drawn connecting the words together
VOCAB: DNA, RNA, Enzyme, Protein, Nucleic Acid, Lipid, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Carbohydrate, Amino Acid, Polysaccharide, Monosaccharide, Antibody
ABC’S OF CELL STRUCTURES
Cell Membrane Centrosome Cytoplasm Golgi body Lysosome Mitochondria Nuclear Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Vacuole
C’S
Cell Membrane Separates the intracellular and
extracellular components Semi permeable
Centrosome Associated with nuclear
membrane during prophase in the cell cycle
Cytoplasm Gel like substance found within
the cell, mostly water, normally clear, adds in the movement and functions within the cell
G, L, M
Golgi Body integral in modifying, sorting, and
packaging these macromolecules for cell secretion
Lysosome Contain hydrolase enzymes that break
down waste products within the cell Mitochondria
maintenance of cellular energy supplies
THE 3 N’S Nuclear Membrane
The double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm
Nucleus cellular organelle of eukaryotes
that is essential to cell functions (as reproduction and protein synthesis)
Nucleolus granular body composed of protein
and RNA in the nucleus involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and the formation of ribosomes.
R’S
Ribosomes component of cells that
assembles specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule
Rough ER ER covered in ribosomes.
Secretes specified proteins
S AND V
Smooth ER functions in several
metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates
Vacuole Isolating materials that
might be harmful or a threat to the cell and Containing waste products
MAJOR FUNCTIONS WITHIN CELLS
Metabolism Anabolism Catabolism Homeostasis
Diffusion Osmosis
Equilibrium Active transport Endocytosis
SOME ISM’S Metabolism:
chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life
Reactions occurring within cells TWO TYPES
Anabolism: The phase of metabolism in which simple substances
are synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue
Smaller molecules are combined into larger ones Catabolism:
The metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a release of energy
Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones (glycogen break down for energy)
Homeostasis
Definition: the tendency of a system to maintain internal stability
Maintenance of ECF (Extra Cellular Fluid) Allows for normal concentrations of
molecules in spite of external conditions
Movements within cells Diffusion: intermingling of
molecules Types
Osmosis Osmosis is the passage of water
from the region of high water concentration through a semi permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration
Active transport Movement of a molecule through a
membrane against its concentration gradient, using a carrier protein and energy from ATP
Endocytosis cells absorb molecules (such as
proteins) by engulfing them.
Activity Break !
Homeostasis and Transport Worksheets Break into groups Answer assigned questions using the internet Regroup and swap information to complete the
worksheet questions
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Begins within the nucleus on the basis of the DNA structure During transcription, info within the DNA is
transferred to a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) that moves into the cytoplasm
STEPS1. RNA polymerase (enzyme) binds to DNA. DNA 2x
helix separates exposing gene2. Enzyme finds promoter ( T-A-C bases in a row)3. Enzyme moves along DNA “reading”. Makes a
complimentary RNA strand ( “matching”) 4. Enzyme reaches terminator series ( A-T-T) 5. mRNA detaches and DNA 2x helix reconnects
TRANSLATION Occurs in Ribosomes Steps
mRNA codons (which code for specific amino acids) bound by ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA) with anticodon attach to mRNA tRNA carries amino acid specific to codon
Enzymes on ribosome allow for the release of amino acid from tRNA
Peptide bond is created between amino acid Process is repeated along mRNA creating
polypeptide Proteins (chains of amino acids) are processed
further within ER or used within the cytoplasm
VIDEO REVIEW
Biologix : Translation and Protein Synthesis 30 minutes
Protein Synthesis Worksheet Coloring material will be helpful! Go grab some!
ACTIVITY REVIEW!
TEST REVIEW Vocabulary: Define the following: Hydrophilic Hydrophobic, Enzymes
Active transport Metabolism Osmosis Benign Malignant Pathologist Depict Meiosis and Mitosis Know how to translate and transcribe DNA to mRNA to tRNA
(worksheet) List 1 defining characteristic of each of the 4 molecules discussed in
class List the parts of cell and what they “do” as their job How is protein synthesized? (there are 9 major steps) look in your
notes under protein synthesis and translation) How can cells malfunction? Why is it important to understand cell biology in clinical vet practice?