I- ! L~r 1,(

ApprvSd for public r10=01

Distribution _ _ -n~at e M IL IT A R Y

NN

N

< IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Mnpowereev

Z."

DTI.'

ELECT

MAR ~ 4 3 i

BestAvailable

Copy

UNCLASSIFIEDSECMIT CLASSIFICATION OF M7s PA-E

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEIa. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS

Unc lass ified NAZa. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTIONI AVAILABIUTY OF REPORT

NA Unlimited2b. DECLASSIFICATION I DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE

NA _4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)

NA NA

6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION [6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATIONOASD (FM&P) Fjiabe NA

I FI NAn

6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIPCode) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)

OASD (FM&P) MM&PP/O&EPM OASD (FM&P) MM&PP/O&EPMThe Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301-4001 The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301-

Be. NAME OF FUNDING /SPONSORING |8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (If applicable)NA I NA NA

c. ADDRESS (City, State, nd ZIPCode) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT

NA ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION NO.

NA NA NA NA11. TITLE (Include Security Classification)

Military Women in the Department of Defense (UNCLASSIFIED)

12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) NA

13ph PE F REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPOT Year., Month, Day) S. PAGE COUNTNAFROM TO April, 1983,-4 4 1

16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

Volume# I, i

17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)FIELD I GROUP SUB-GROUP Military Personnel, Women in the Military, DoD,

Armed Forces

19. ABSTRACT (Contlnue on reverse If necessary and identify by block number)

Publication provides current data on the status of women in all componentsof the Armed Forces. It makes selected demographic comparisons betweenmen and women as a means of providing an overview.

'20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONP1UNCLASSIFIEDIJNLIMITED 0 SAME AS RPT 0 DTIC USERS Unclassified

22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL '", pnf Po Fc O.,I/ MBOL

J.M. Gaieski, iacoIlSMC, O&EPM/FM&PA92. " may tieused u intilexhausted - N.IyLCATIQN OF THIS PAGE

MILITARY WOMENIN THE

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

APRIL 1983

_. DTICftELECTE

MAR 31i8

H

:*'.a '

D[,ll~ ST 1~ A " ,:t, : ,,

TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE

PREFACE ii

INTRODUCTION TO SECTIONS I AND II

SECTION I- OFFICER 2

Percentage of End Strength 3DoD Grade Distribution 4Service Grade Distribution 5Medical/Non-Medical Grade Distribution 6DoD Occupational Distribution 7Service Occupational Distributions 8Occupational Definitions 9Civilian Education Level- DoD 12Civilian Education Level - Services 13Continuation Rates - DoD Services 14

SECTION II- ENLISTED 15

Percentage of End Strength 16DoD Grade Distribution 17Service Grade Distribution 18DoD Occupational Distribution 19-3ervice Occupational Distributions 20Occupational Definitions 21Civilian Education Level - DoD 25Civilian Education Level - Services 26Average Time-in-Service at Promotion - DoD 27Average Time-in-Service at Promotion - Services 28Attrition 29Attrition by Sex and Service 30Attrition by Sex, Education, and Cause 31Retention - Net DoD 32Retention -Net Services 34

INTRODUCTION TO SECTION Iil 35

SECTION III- MEASURES OF PROGRESS 36

Enlisted Advancement 37Officer Advancement 42

PREFACE

The Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the men. Section III is a graphical portrayal of advance-Services (DACOWITS) requested the Office of the ment of military women and men for the last decade.Secretary of Defense (OSD) to provide an analysis of This section shows how women have progressed inofficer and enlisted summary data to answer the the military since entering in large numbers beginningquestion "How are women progressing (over time and in 1972-1973.compared to men)?" This booklet is intended tosatisfy that request. The concept is to produce a stan- A set of data of this magnitude has not beendard package of comparative data that can be up- condensed and made available as a body of informa-dated annually and used by the members of tion previously. The Defense Manpower Data CenterDACOWITS for general information and as a basis for culled data from sixty million individual records toforming more specific questions. This booklet also provide the information. Explanation of this data isserves as a supplement to the October, 1981 OSD offered but conclusions are not drawn. This bookletBackground Review: Women in the Military. represents a starting point in developing a standard

compilation of information that will be useful to theTwo types of "pictures" are needed to answer the members of the DACOWITS.basic question of how military women are doing com-pared to men and over time. The first type of picture Many people contributed to this booklet. John Brophy,is a snapshot-a static look at where women and men Evangeline Paredes, Bill Sachs, and Mary Lou Bluntare as of today. The second type is a moving of OSD and Robert Brandewie, Dennis Van Langen,picture-how did women get to where they are today. Alex Sinaiko, and Zee Ferris of the Defense ManpowerThis booklet provides both pictures. Section I is a Data Center deserve to be singled out. Please bringstatic look at women and men officers in the military errors or suggestions for improvement to the atten-by grade, occupation, Service, experience, education, tion of LTC Harry J. Thie, OASD(MRA&L)and other characteristics as of September, 1982. Sec- MP&FM/O&EPM, The Pentagon, Washington, D.C.tion 1i is a similar portrayal for enlisted women and 20301.

Acoesslon For

NTIS UJRA&tDTIC W

Jujit if' iuat I n-..

Av ' •

'Dist

INTRODUCTIONTO SECTIONS I AND il

OFFICER AND ENLISTED

Military women in all Services are fulfilling vital Unfortunately, little effort was made during this periodmilitary requirements with the same high degree of to empirically determine the best way to utilizecompetence as military men. Today, over 190,000 of- women based on skill, mission, and readiness re-ficers and enlisted women account for about 9% of quirements.the active force compared to 1972 when 45,000women made up 1.5% of the active force., -*The decade of the 1980s starts a third phase in which

more clearly defined requirements for women inWhen one reviews the history of women' in the uniform are being established in all Services. Thesemilitary, several phases ate apparent. The first, which requirements are being developed based 9 he pro-involved the temporary utilization of women on a yen capability of women in manning spgelfic militaryrelatively large scale in WWI and WWI), was based on requirements. In recognition of theytal role womenthe notion of "freeing a man to fight." At the peak of play in sustaining the readiness of-ur military forces,WWI, approximately 49,000 women were in uniform, the Services have incread-fie number of women in73% of whom were in the Army or Navy Nurse Corps., uniform from 150,00 190,000 over the last threeAll were returned to civilian status in 1919. During' years. Our projecto6ns call for continued sustainedWWII, nearly 350,000 women again answered the caPl growth over the nexkfive yAars. Over the same period,to "free a man to fight." They served in almost every greater numbers of vmen are expected to progressoccupation except direct combat. However, by 1948, into supervisory position7. A 28% increase in womenless than 15,000 women continued in uniform in the officers and a 27% increase in the top six enlistednursing service. The number of women in unifdrm grades is projected by 1987..again rose temporarily during the Korean conflict andVietnam era of the 1970s. The data and information in the next two sections por-

tray the status of women officers (Section I) andIn 1967, Congress repealed the laws restricting the enlisted women (Section II) as of September 30,1982number of military women and thus began the second in comparison to men. Characteristics of servicestage, which saw a dramatic increase ih utilization members and indicators of performance were chosenof women in peacetime forces. During the 1970s, the for these comparisons. Unless otherwise noted, thenumber of women in uniform rose by over 3 50% to percentage distributions of men and women use the150,000. The increasewas spurred primarily by social number of men or women as the denominator and thepressures for equal opportunity with particular em- number of men or women with the characteristic ofphasis on utilization of women in nontraditional skills, interest as the numerator. ,

1

SECTION

IOFFICER

wC-

U) 00

oc

C m

UI-

LU

<LUr

LLL 0

II

ZLUJCL ) )>

zwL

W ~ N 0

C) >- C-) U.

OFFICER DISTRIBUTIONTOTAL DoD- SEPTEMBER 1982

PERCENT PERCENT

40 40

30

220

10 10

,A D ~WOMEN 25,322

SMEN 257,022

Women are clustered in the middle to lower officer rant Officers, the Marine Corps grade distribution forgrades. This is a reflection of women entering the bot women is different than the other Services becausetom of the closed military personnel system in laige the USMVC does not have a medical structure. Medicalnumbers beginning in 1972. With continued prog ess services for the USMVC are provided by the Navy. Inarid with time, the distribution of wom-en officers the succeeding page, grade distributions for theshould begin to approximate that of men. Gr~de medical field are shown in contrast to the non-medicaldistributions for each Service are on the next page. fields.Two items deserve note: the Air Force has no War

OFFICER DISTRIBUTION- SEPTEMBER 1982

PERCENT

50

PERCENT

3050

2040

100

10 WOMEN 5,60

03

0 M N M EN 62 7 20 P E RC EN T30WOMEN- ,,50

250

400110- IWMN ,5

300

0 ME W MEN 5620PECN

20 40WOMWOME 9,955 1

110

30

OFFICER DISTRIBUTION- SEPTEMBER 1982

PERCENT

500PERCENT 450

40 (9,037)., MEN 20 PERCENT

20 4

10 310 WMEN 3

(5,770)

0P MENT20 PERCENT

(262,22)75

30 50

20 40

10 WOMEN 30

0 ENz 20PECN

30 (2672 5

20 40

30 WOMEN (1,4 5

20 (500) 4

10 WOMEN

10 30WOMENE ME20""

10

MEDICAL*0

*THE MARINE CORPS HAS NO MEDICAL OFFICERS

6

OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTALDoD ACTIVE DUTY OFFICERS -

as of 30 SEPTEMBER 1982

PERCENT PERCENT

50 50

40 " 40

30 3, 0

WOEN 2,22 ,

Each Service has its own job/occupational classifica- analyze using their own schemes, the DoD systemtion system that is used to identify job positions and used here is helpful in understanding the fields inpeople with skills to do those jobs. The Army and the which military men and women serve Positions withNavy use officer specialty designators, the Air Force duties and responsibilities that have been judgeduses Air Force Specialty Codes, and the Marine Corps similar are grouped together, but these positions areuses Military Occupational Specialties. To provide a not necessarily identical, they may vary considerablyuseful scheme for cross-service analyses, the Depart- as a result of inter-Service differences in mission,ment of Defense developed an occupational coding equipment, and concept of personnel utilization andsystem and mapped each of the Service skills into this development. Of particular interest in these charts isumbrella system. The DoD Occupational Codes are that over forty percent of women officers are in themaintained by the Defense Manpower Data Center. medical field. This pattern is similar in each of the SerDefinitons of each of these codes are included in suc vices except the Marine Corps whose medical ser-ceeding pages. While thle Services explain and vices are provided by the Navy

20 20

OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL ACTIVEDUTY OFFICERS - as of SEPTEMBER, 1982

PERCENTDoD OCCUPATION AREA 0 10 20 30 40 50

General Officers and ExecutiveTactical Operations

Intelligence ARMYEngineers & Maintenance WOMEN 9,037

Scientists & Professionals MEN 94,311

MedicalAdministrators WOMEN

Supply, Procurement, & Allied

Non-Occupational Students _ ,I-"-I

MEN

General Officers and Executive

Tactical Operations NAVYIntelligence WMN 5

Engineers & Maintenance WMEN 6,70

Scientists & Professionals

MEN 62"00

Medical

AdministratorsSupply, Procurement, & Allied

Non-Occupational Students

General Officers and Executive "-1

Tactical Operations _ _ _ _- -

Intelligence MARINE CORPSEngineers & Maintenance "-WOMEN 560

Scientists & Professionals MEN 18,472Medical

Administrators

Supply, Procurement, & AlliedNon-Occupational Students

General Officers and ExecutiveTactical Operations _ _...,

Intelligence AIR FORCEEngineers & Maintenance WOMEN 1 9,955

Scientists & Professionals - MEN 92,232

Medical I

Administrators

Supply, Procurement, & Allied

No-Occupational Students

0 10 20 30 40 50

'F F('t N

8

OFFICER DoD OCCUPATIONCODES*

Occupational Area .............. 1-digit grouping 3. Intelligence Officers - Includes strategic, general,Occupational Group ............. 2-digit grouping and communications intelligence officers, and

counterintelligence officers.NOTE:

3A. Intelligence, General - Incluaes strategic,The term "officer" includes all military occupations general and technical intelligence gathering, analysis,and/or billet designators that require persons who are interpretation, and summary.commissioned or warrant officer.

3B. Communications Intelligence - Includes in-1. General Officers and Executive, N.E.C. - Includes tercept, analysis, translation, cryptology, and relatedall officers of General/Flag rank and all commanders, communications intelligence.directors, and planners not elsewhere classified.

3C. Counterintelligence - Includes installation,IA. General and Flag - Includes all occupations area, and other internal and counterintelligence.

where individuals involved are of General or Flag rank.

4. Engineering and Maintenance Officers - IncludeslB. Executives, N.E.C. - Includes all directors, design, development, production, and maintenance

planners and executives not elsewhere classified, and engineering officers.all Marine Corps full Colonels.

4A. Construction and Utilities - Includes civil2. Tactical Operations Officers - Includes pilots and engineers, architects, and other construction andcrews and operations staff officers. utilities officers.

2A. Fixed-Wing Fighter and Bomber Pilots - In- 4B. Electrical/Electronic - Includes electrical andcludes pilots of various types of fighter, attack, and electronic engineers and equipment maintenance of-bomber aircraft. ficers not classified under Group 4C.

2B. Other Fixed-Wing Pilots - Includes non-fighter 4C. Communications and Radar - Includes com-and bomber fixed-wing pilots such as those engaged munications engineers and communications andin transport, supply and reconnaissance, radar design, installation, operation, and

maintenance officers.2C. Helicopter Pilots - Includes pilots of various

types of helicopters. 4D. Aviation Maintenance and Allied - Includesaircraft maintenance officers and aeronautical

2D. Aircraft Crews - Includes navigators, bombar- engineers.diers, radar intercept officers, and other officer air-craft crew personnel. 4E. Ordnance - Includes weapons engineering

and maintenance officers, excluding missile officers.2E. Ground and Naval Arms - Includes infantry.

artillery, armor and close support officers, and Navalship commanders and other warfare-related officers 4F. Missile Maintenance - Includes guided and

ballistic missile design, test, and maintenance of-2F. Missiles - Includes guided and ballistic ficers and missile engineers.

missile systems officers and unit commanders4G. Ship Construction and Maintenance - In-

2G. Operations Staff - Includes combat, opera cludes officers concerned with design, development,tions, and intelligence staff officers. construction, production, alteration, maintenance,

and repair of ships and their equipment.

- This is an extract from the DoD Occupationai Conversion Manual

December 1982

9

4H. Ship Machinery - Includes officers who per- 5J. Mathematicians and Statisticians - Includesform functions similar to those listed in 4G with mathematicians, statisticians, operations researchrespect to ships' main propulsion and auxiliary analysts, and other mathematical scientists.Machinery; also includes officers involved in theoperation of such machinery. 5K. Educators and Instructors - Includes teachers

and military college faculty members, excluding train-41. (not used) ing administrators.

4J. Saiety - Includes ground, aviation, weapons, 5L. Research and Development Coordinators - In-and nuclear safety officers. cludes research and development directors, coor-

dinators, and administrators.

4K. Chemical - Includes chemical engineers andstaff officers. 5M. Community Activities Officers - Includes

counselors and human relations officers.4L. Automotive and Allied - Includes engineers

and maintenance officers whose primary concern is 5N. Scientists and Professionals, N.E.C. - In-with automotive and related equipment. cludes scientists and professionals that are not readi-

ly classifiable in one of the previous groups.4M. Surveying and Mapping - Includes surveying

topographic and geodetic engineers, and car- 6. Medical Officers - Includes physicians, dentists,tographic and aerial mapping officers. nurses, veterinarians, and closely allied professional

medical service officers.4N. Other - Includes engineering and

maintenance officers that are not readily classified 6A. Physicians - Includes all medical doctors, thein one of the previous groups. occupations being arranged by specialty.

5. Scientists and Professionals - Includes physical, 6C. Dentists - Includes all dental officers, oralbiological, and social scientists, and other profes- surgeons, and dental specialists..sionals such as lawyers and chaplains.

6E. General Nurses - Includes professional5A. Physical Scientists - Includes physicists, nurses on general duty or command and staff duty.

chemists, geologists, and other physical scientistsexcept meteorologists. 6F. Nursing Specialists - Includes professional

nurses on specialized duties requiring substantial ad-5B. Meteorologists - Includes meteorologists and vanced training.

weather officers.6G. Veterinarians - Includes veterinarians and

5C. Biological Scientists - Includes related animal care or food inspection specialists.microbiologists, entomologists, physiologists, andother biological scientists. 6H. Allied Medical - Includes therapists, op-

tometrists, pharmacists, and other licensed person-5D. Social Scientists - Includes historians, nel closely associated with patient care and treat-

economists, sociologists, and other social scientists ment. Excludes psychologists and medical researchexcept psychologists, scientists.

5E. Psychologsts - Includes all psychologists 7. Administrators - Includes general and specializedand human performance engineers, administration and management officers

5F. Legal - Includes lawyers and legal officers. 7A. Administrators, General - Includes adjutants,aides, general administrative officers, and others not

5G. Chaplains- Includes ordaine I and other cer classifiable in one of the following groupstified clergymen

7B. Training Administrators - Includes officers5H. Social Workers - Includes medical, engaged in the planning, management, and operation

psychiatric, and other social workers of training programs.

10

7C. Manpower and Personnel - Includes man- 8B. Supply - Includes general, technical, and unitpower and personnei managers, administrators, supply officers.analysts, and related officers.

8C. Transportation - Includes land, sea, and air7D. Comptrollers and Fiscal - Includes budget, transportation operations officers, and traffic and

finance, and accounting officers. travel control officers.

7E. Data Processing- Includes computer systems 8D. Procurement and Production- Includes con-officers. tracting, property, and other procurement and produc-

tion officers.

7F. Pictorial- Includes photographic, motion pic-ture, and television officers. 8E. Food Service - Includes club and mess

managers and other food service officers.

7G. Information - Includes public and internal in-

formation officers. 8F. Exchange and Commissary - Includes all of-ficers involved in the operation and management of

7H. Police - Includes enforcement, investigations, military exchanges and commissaries.corrections, and security officers.

8G. Other - Includes printing and publications,7L. Inspection - Includes I'spector General and housing, and other supply service officers not

technical inspection positions. classifiable in one of the previous groups.

7M. Medical Administration - Includes medical 9. Non-Occupational - Includes patients, students,and hospital registrars and administrators, trainees, and other officers who for various reasonsare not occupationally qualified.

7N. Morale and Welfare - Includes band, recrea-

tion, and special services officers. 9A. Patients - Includes officers holding patientdesignations.

8. Supply, Procurement and Allied Officers- Includesofficers in supply, procurement and production, 9B. Students - Includes law students, medicaltransportation, food service, and related logistics ac- students, flight students, and other trainees.tivities not elsewhere classified.

9E. Other- Includes billet designators, officers8A. Logistics, General - Includes officers in new to their occupational field, and other non-

broad, multifunction logistics activities not specific occupational officers and designations not includedto a single class of supply or a single supply in the previous groups.operation.

11

OFFICER CIVILIAN EDUCATION LEVELSTOTAL DoD - FY 1982

PERCENT PERCENT

80 o

60 60

F .: -- '+ ,,-+.. .+

2 0 20

WOMEN MENMEDICAL

MEDICAL

All commissioned officers are expected to have at have at least a baccalaureate degree However, aleast a baccalaureate degree, warrant officers have greater proportion of men have advanced degreesan associate degree or some college as a standard. This may be correlated with grade distribution -In these charts, differences in education between the women are clustered in pay grades 01 to 03 as a resultmedical and non-medical fields can be seen. Women of recent entry patterns; it could also reflect occupa-without a four-year degree are primarily nurses who tional distributions. In the medical field, about twenty-have an appropriate degree for their profession, men three percent of women have advanced degrees whilewithout a four-year degree are primarily warrant of- about sixty-three percent of men doficers. Women and men in about the same proportion

12

OFFICER CIVILIAN EDUCATIONLEVELS - FY 1982

PERCENT

100

PERCENT

100 A

80 60

60 "E

WOMEN.P ERCEN.100

400

220

W MEN 60 .,_ . , 6

0660

0 WOMERC ENT4

13

CONTINUATION RATES (COMMISSIONEDOFFICERS EXCLUDING MEDICAL AND LEGAL)

PERCENT

DOD

100

90

100

ARMY go'" -9

- 100

NAVY - go

- 100

USMC ..... ..... - 90

100

USAF - 90

FY 77 78 79 80 81 82

Retention of officers can be shown in different ways, shown into the number of that group remaining on ac-The trends shown here are simple continuation rates tive duty at the end of the fiscal year. These continua-for commissioned officers excluding medical and tion rates show higher retention for women in thelegal officers. These continuation rates are calculated Navy and Air Force and higher retention for men inby dividing the number of officers, men and women, the Army and Marine Corps.on active duty at the beginning of the fiscal year

14

15

z 40 CD4l

LU

0.0

ouJj

LUZU~~cm

<.c~ C.

CLu c

zi-

F- M

,Z UJ16

ENLISTED DISTRIBUTIONTOTAL DoD - SEPTEMBER 1982

PERCENT PERCENT40 /40

30 30

20 20

LJ WOMEN 163,223

0 - ~MEN 1,640,998

Because of the large influx of enlisted women begin- function of time in service This static look at a pointning in 1972, 95% of all enlisted women have less in time reflects the grades to which women have ad-than ten years of service and 71 % have less than five vanced in their progresb through the military personyears of service. Comparable figures for enlisted men nel system since entering the Armed Forces in largeare 76% and 53% respectively. In the essentially clos- numbers. When women and men time in serviceed (no entry at higher grades) military personnel distributions become comparable, grade distributionssystem, grade comparability of women and men is a should also be comparable

17

ENLISTED DISTRIBUTION- SEPTEMBER°1982

PERCENT

50

PERCENT 40

03040 Algay 'I OM N ...... WOMEN 64,261 2 E C N

3 0.............. ... E NMEN 608,198

20 40"

10 10

0P... . .WOMEN 3,0"30 ..............-W OMEN 20PERCENT

MEN.. MEN 442,655 50

20 40

MEEN

1 - 303

-ptfl.*.-WOMEN WOMENWO4,064,2030 MEN

/ 422,785

WOMENN 10..

20 " " ,,.M0

10 Lotz E o

18

OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTALDoD ACTIVE DUTY ENLISTED -

as of 30 SEPTEMBER 1982

PERCENT PERCENT

40 M40

30

10 10

Each of the Services has a unique job classification and Support/Administration are the occupationalscheme for enlisted personnel. The Army uses Military fields usually considered traditional for womenOccupational Specialties (MOS), the Navy uses although this varies by Service. Slightly more than tenratings, the Mai ne Corps uses MOS that are defined percent of enlisted women are in the medical fielddifferently than those of the Army, the Air Force uses (compared to more than forty percent of officers) TheAir Force Specialty Codes (AFSC) DoD has developed small number of women in the infantry/gun crewan umbrella coding system for enlisted personnel. specialty serve irimarily in high-altitude air defenseDefinitions of enlisted occupational areas and Service and some air crew positionsdata are shown in succeeding pages. Medical/Dental

19

OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL ACTIVEDUTY ENLISTED - as of SEPTEMBER, 1982

PERCENT

DO OCCUPATION AREA 0 10 20 30 40 50

tnf/Gun Crew/Seamanship Specialists .

Electronic Equipment Repairers

Communications/Intelligence Specialists ,R,

Medical/Dental Specialists I WOMEN 64,261

Other Technical/Allied Specialists MEN 608,196

Functional Support & Administration

ElectncallMechanical Equipment RepairersCraftsmen

Service/Supply Handlers

Non.Occupational (Trainees)

Inf/Gun Crew/Seamanship Specialists

Electronic Equipment Repairers

Communications/Intelligence Specialists NAVYMedical/Dental Specialists WOMEN WOMEN 37,024

Other Technical/Allied Specialists ME 428

Functional Support & Administration

Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Repairers

CrL-tsmen

Service/Supply Handlers MEN

Non.Occupational (Trainees)

Inf/Gun Crew/Seamanship Specialists _"_

Electronic Equipment Repairers MARINE CORPCommunications/Intelligence Specialists WOMEN 7,874

Medical/Dental Specialists WOMEN 167,300

Other Technical/Allied Specialists _]_"-"_

Functional Support & Administration _ _ _ _

Electrical/Mechanical Equipment RepairersCraftsmen

Service/Supply Handler-Non.Occupational (Trainees)

Inf/Gun Crew/Seamanship SpecialistsElectronic Equipment Repairers "

Communications/Intelligence Specialists AIR FORCEMedical/Dental pecialists WOMEN 54,064

Other Technical/Allied Specialists MEN 422,765

Functional Support & AdministrationElectrical/Mechanical Equipment Repairers

Craftsmen

Service/Supply Handlers

Non-Occupational (Trainees) ""

0 10 20 30 40 50PERCEN1

20

ENLISTEDDoD OCCUPATION CODES*

Occupational Area ............. I - digit grouping 11. Fire Control Electronic Systems (Non-Missile)Occupational Group ............ 2 - digit grouping - Includes the maintenance and repair of electronic

fire control and bomb navigation equipment, ex-0. Infantry, Gun Crews, and Seamanship Specialists cluding missile and underwater fire control- Includes individual weapons specialists and crew- equipment.served artillery specialists, armor and amphibiouscrewmen, and specialists in combat engineering and 12. Missile Guidance, Control and Checkout - In-seamanship. cludes specialists in guidance, control and checkout

equipment for guided and ballistic missiles.01. Infantry - Includes weapons specialists,

ground reconnaissance specialists, special forces, 13. Sonar Equipment - Includes specialists inand military training instructors, underwater detection and fire control systems,

oceanographic equipment, and related anti-02. Armor and Amphibious. Includes land and submarine gear.

amphibious tank crews and leaders.14. Nuclear Weapons Equipment - Includes

03. Combat Engineering - Includes specialists in specialists in the maintenance and repair of nuclearhasty and temporary construction of airfields, roads weapons control and test equipment.and bridges, and in demolitioi, fipd illumination, andchemical warfare. 15. ADP Computers - Includes all digital and

analog computers.04. Artillery/Gunnery, Rockets, and Missiles- In-

cludes convential field, anti-air and shipboard guns 16. Teletype and Cryptographic Equipment - In-and artillery, and rocket and missile specialists. cludes teletype and associated on-and-off line encryp-

tion devices.05. Air Crew - Includes pilots and navigators,

flight engineers, and other air crewmen. 19. Other Electronic Equipment - Includes train-ing devices, inertial navigation systems, and elec-

06. Seamanship - Includes boatswains, tronic instruments specialists.navigators, and other seamanship specialists.

2. Communications and Intglligence Specialists- In-07. Installation Security - Includes specialists cludes the operation and monitoring of radio, radio

who guard weapon systems, defend installations, and teletype, radar, sonar and allied communications andprotect personnel, equipment, and facilities, intelligence consoles. Also includes the gathering and

interpretation of photographic, electronic, and1. Electronic Equipment Repairers - Includes documentary intelligence.specialists in the maintenance and repair of varioustypes of electronic and allied equipment, including 20. Radio and Radio Code - Includes operatorsradio, radar, navigation, weapons, and computers, oT radio, radio teletype, and visual communicationsamong others. equipment.

10. Radio/Radar- Includes fixed and mobile radio, 21. Sonar Includes specialists in the operationa,. traffic and tracking radar, communication, naviga- of sonar and related detection equipmenttion, and electronic countermeasure gear.

22. Radar and Air Traffic Control - Includes theoperation of surveillance, target acquisition and track-

This is an extract from the DoD Occupational Conversion Manual, ing radars, fire distribtuion devices, and air traffic con-December 1982 trol visual and electronic navigational aids

21

23. Signal Intelligence/Electronic Warfare - In- 42. Weather- Includes specialists in the collec-cludes the intercept, translation, and analysis of tion of weather and sea condition data and in weatherforeign communications, and the operation of elec- forecasting.tronic countermeasures equipment.

43. Ordnance Disposal and Diving - Includes the24. Intelligence - Includes the gathering, receipt, excavation and rendering safe of explosive ordnance

and analysis of non-signal intelligence data, the in- and of chemical and nuclear agents, and underwaterterrogation of prisoners, other language translators demolition and other types of diving.and interpreters, image interpretation, and specialistsin counter intelligence and investigative activities. 45. Musicians - Includes military bandsmen and

special band musicians.25. Combat Operations Control - Includes

specialists in forward area tactical operations and in- 49. Technical Specialists, N.E.C. - Includestelligence and in command post control activities, physical science laboratory analysts, specialists in

memorial activites, safety, NBC warfare, and fire-26. Communications Center Operations - In- fighting and damage control and other technical

cludes the receipt and distribution of messages, the specialists and aides such as scientific and engineer-operation of communications center equipment, and ing assistants.the operation of major field communications systems.

5. Functional Support and Administration - Includes3. Medical and Dental Specialists - Includes general administrative, clerical and personnelspecialists in patient care and treatment and in specialists. Also includes administrative specialiststechnical and related medical and dental services, in data processing, information, and related areas,

and functional support specialists in areas such as30. Medical Care - Includes all medical care and supply, transportation, and flight operations.

treatment excluding dental care.50. Personnel - Includes specialists in personnel

31. Technical Medical Services - Includes administration, personnel and manpower manage-laboratory, pharmaceutical, and x-ray services. ment, and recruiting and counseling.

32. Related Medical Services - Includes 51. Administration - lncludes clerks, typists, andspecialists in sanitation, health preservation and stenographers and legal and medical administrativeveterinary services, and preventive medical services, specialists.

33. Dental Care - Includes specialists in dental 52. ClericallPersonnel - Includes combined per-care and treatment and in related technical and sonnel and administrative specialists and seniorlaboratory services. enlisted personnel whose primary responsibilities are

non-technical.4. Other Technical and Allied Specialists - Includesspecialists in technical and professional-type skills 53. Data Processing - Includes computern(,. elsewhere classified. These skills include operators, analysts, and programmers and electric ac-photography, cartography, meteorology, ordnance counting machine operators.disposal, laboratory analysis, and music, amongothers. 54. Accounting, Finance and Disbursing - In-

cludes audit and budget specialists, disbursing40. Photography - Includes still, motion, and clerks, and other related specialists.

television cameramen, precision photographic pro-cessing, editing and broadcasting. 55. Other Functional Support - Includes

specialists who provide support in the functional41. Mapping, Surveying, Drafting, and Illustrating areas of supply accounting and procurement,

- Includes photomapping, map compiling, drafting, il- transportation, flight operations and related areas.lustrating, and construction and topographic survey-ing and computing.

22

56. Religious, Morale and Welfare - Includes 70. Metalworking - Includes specialists in thechaplains' assistants and specialists in theater, arts, machining, shaping, and forming of metal and in thesports, and related activities, fabrication of metal parts.

57. Information and Education - Includes 71. Construction - Includes specialists in con-specialists in public affairs, radio/TV, and other types struction trades and construction equipment opera-of information and education. tion.

6. Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Repairers - In- 72. Utilities - Includes plumbers, heating andcludes specialists in the maintenance and repair of cooling specialists, and electricians.electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumaticequipment. 74. Lithography - Includes the making of printing

plates, composing, and the operation of offset and60. Aircraft and Aircraft Related - Includes air- letter presses.

craft engines, electrical systems, structural com-ponents and surfaces, and launch equipment. 75. Industrial Gas and Fuel Production - Includes

specialists in the production of liquid oxygen,61. Automotive - Includes construction equip- hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.

ment and other wheeled and tracked vehicles.76. Fabric, Leather, and Rubber - Includes

62. Wire Communications - Includes specialists specialists in the maintenance and repair of leather,in the installation and maintenance of telephones, rubber, and fabric.switchboards, and central office and related interiorcommunications equipment. 79. Other Craftsmen, N.E.C. - Includes specialists

in trades such as molding, camouflage, and plastic63. Missile Mechanical and Electrical - Includes work, which are not readily classifiable elsewhere in

missiles and missile systems and related com- this section.ponents.

8. Service and Supply Handlers - Includes personnel64. Armament and Munitions Includes small involved in protective and personal services and non-

arms, artillery, mines, bombs and associated moun- clerical personnel involved in warehousing, foodtings, nuclear weapons, and ammunition renovation, handling, and motor transportation.

65. Shipboard Propulsion - Includes marine main 80. Food Service . Includes specialists in theengines, boilers and auxiliary equipment. handling, preparation, and serving of food.

66. Power Generating Equipment - Includes 81. Motor Transport- Includes the operation ofnuclear power reactors and primary electric wheeled and tracked vehicles (except constructiongenerating plants. equipment) and railway equipment.

67. Precision Equipment - Includes optical and 82. Material Receipt, Storage and Issue - Includesother precision instruments and office machines. specialists in the receipt, storage, issue, and ship-

ment of general and specialized classes of supplies,69. Other Mechanical and Electrical Equipment excluding ammunition.

Includes specialists in the maintenance and repairof mechanical and electrical equipment which is not 83. Law Enforcement - Includes military police,readily classifiable in another group. protective and corrections specialists, and criminal

and non-criminal inspectors and investigators.7. Craftsmen - Includes the formation, fabrication, andinstallation of structures and components, the in- 84. Personal Service - Includes laundry, dry clean-stallation and maintenance of utilities, and related ing, and related services.trades and crafts.

23

85. Auxiliary Labor - Includes unskilled laborers 90. Patients and Prisoners- Includes personneland their supervisors, holding patient or prisoner designations.

86. Forward Area Equipment Support - Includes 91. Officer Candidates and Students - Includesspecialists in parachute packing and repair, in aerial personnel or authorizations for personnel in trainingdelivery operations, and in flight equipment fitting and to become commissioned or warrant officers and per-maintenance. sonnel or authorizations for personnel in a student

status.87. Other Services, N.E.C. - Includes service

specialists who are not readily classifiable in one of 92. Undesignated Occupations - Includes person-the other groups in this section. nel or authorizations for personnel serving in duties

of a special or otherwise undesignated nature.9. Non-Occupational - Includes patients andprisoners, students and trainees, and other enlisted 95. Not Occupationally Qualified - Includes boot-and civilian personnel and designators of a non- campers and other personnel in a training status.occupational nature.

24

ENLISTED EDUCATION LEVELSTOTAL DoD - FY 1982

PERCENT PERCENT

100 100

s0 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0

WOMEN o-1t

SMEN

At least a high-school diploma is desirable for every of high-school diploma includes those with a GEDmember of the enlisted force. In general, this educa- completion certificate. Enlisted women in the militarytional standard is required by the Services for ad- tend to be better educated than their male counter-vancement to NCO/Petty Officer status. The category parts.

25

ENLISTED EDUCATION LEVELS- FY 1982

PERCENT

100PERCENT

50

1000

so] MEN 60

llO WOMEN

60 ,6

40 PERCENT

1100

20 F CE2

800

06

so2 MEN 6

0 PEPERCENT

1100

280

WOMEN-*60

40

00

AVERAGE TIME IN SERVICE WHEN PROMOTEDTOTAL DoD - FY 1982

YEARS YEARS

225

WOMEN200

15 15

100

GRADE PROMOTED TO

In general, enlisted women who were promoted in FY promoted; only that women who were promoted in1982 had less average time in the military (when pro- 1982 have less time in service than men who were pro.moted) than enlisted men. This pattern is consistent moted. Static promotion comparisons are difficult toacross all Services and holds at all grades except E-8 make; DoD does not have a standardized promotionin the Navy and E-9 in the Navy, Marine Corps, and system that all Services use. Instead, broad policyAir Force. One explanation is that enlisted women in guidance on minimum time-in-service for each grademost grades are better educated than their male is provided to the Services OSD encourages Servicecounterparts. Another explanation is that enlisted and occupational promotion differentials within thesewomen are performing better than men. These charts broad guidelines to fit the needs of each individualdo not imply that more women than men are getting Service.

27

AVERAGE TIME IN SERVICE

WHEN PROMOTED - FY 1982

YEARS

YEARS. 20

25

20

WOMEN 10YEARS

1015

01WOMENE YEARS

25

WOMENEN

10

00

28OMEN'*,

220

5 15nt

THREE-YEAR ATTRITION PERCENTAGES OF DoDACTIVE DUTY NPS ENLISTEES

PERCENT

60

DOD 4.. "-' N ",0"

20

MEN0

60

ARMY - 40

20

0

60

NAVY 40

20

0- 60

MARINES 40

20

0- 60

AIR FORCE - 40

...... 20

FY 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

FISCAL YEAR ENTERED ACTIVE DUTY

Attrition or early turnover is the loss of first-term for both men and wCmen in all DoD has declinedenlisted personnel prior to the completion of thirty- slightly in recent years, and further declines are pro-six months of active service and is expressed as a jected. Attrition experience varies across Services Atpercentage of early-leavers in a group that entered trition is a complex subject; aspects of it are review-military service in the same year. Three-year attrition ed in succeeding pages.

29

THREE-YEAR ATTRITION PERCENTAGES OF DoDACTIVE DUTY NPS ENLISTEES

PERCENT

60

DoD - 40

20

MEN

0

60

ARMY ----- -40

20

0

60

NAVY 40

S20

0- 60

MARINES - 40

20

60

AIR FORCE - 40

" --20

FY 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

FISCAL YEAR ENTERED ACTIVE DUTY

Attrition or early turnover is the loss of first-term for both men and wCmen in all DoD has declinedenlisted personnel prior to the completion of thirty- slightly in recent years, and further declines are pro-six months of active service and is expressed as a jected. Attrition experience varies across Services Atpercentage of early-leavers in a group that entered trition is a complex subject; aspects of it are review-military service in the same year. Three-year attrition ed in succeeding pages.

29

THREE YEAR ATTRITION BY SEX AND EDUCATIONDoD FY 1979 COHORT - as of SEPTEMBER 1982

PERCENT PERCENT

50 50

40 40

30 30

20

1010 WOMEN MEN

ALL OTHER CAUSES

FAILURE TO MEET CRITERIAPREGNANCY, PARENTHOOD, ETC.

LLP

Attrition also varies by Service member characteristic, separations that includes pregnancy and parenthood.Data for the FY 1979 non-prior service accession Non-high school diploma graduate (NHSDG) womencohort is typical. Possession of a high school diploma have greater attrition than men in the category thatis the most significant discriminator for attrition includes pregnancy and parenthood; NHSDG menmeasurement. Women high school diploma graduates have greater attrition than women for failure to satisfy(HSDG) have a higher rate of attrition than men. For behavioral or performance criteria,HSDG, the difference is attributable to a category of

31

DOD REENLISTMENT RATE(FY 1977-1982) PERCENT

-90

CAREERMALE

-70

- 60

CAREERFEMALE

-50

FIRST TERMFEMALE -40

FIRST TERMMALE - 30

FY 77 78 79 80 81 82

Retention as a generic term describes the numbers eligible for reenlistment. Thus, reenlistment rates areand rates of individuals who remain in military ser- affected by both the number of actual reenlistmentsvice beyond the expiration of their enlistment or as well as the number of eligibles. This latter categoryreenlistment contract. Individuals remain in the is Command and Service influenced and can varymilitary either by extending (amending an existing significantly from year to year. Reenlistment rates arecontract) or reenlisting (executing a new contract). usually computed by category, i.e., whether in-The retention focus tends to be on the latter group dividuals are on an initial contract (first-termer) or abecause reenlistment is an act that represents a second or subsequent contract (careerist).positive commitment to remain for additional yearsof service. Extensions are perceived as Retention has improved significantly during the pastpostponements of the reenlistment decision although year, particularly among career Non-commissionedextensions of three years are usually treated as and Petty Officers. The positive trend appears to bereenlistments. One type of retention rate is the continuing in FY 1983. Discriminating among thereenlistment rate shown above, many factors which influence retention is difficult.

The comparability pay raise, implementation of aReenlistment (executing a new contract) describes variable housing allowance, expansion of the selec-what an individual does. The DoD accumulates the tive reenlistment bonus programs, increases in seanumbers of reenlistments that occur in each Service and submarine duty pay in the Navy, and a renewedin a given time period and calculates a reenlistment pride in the military are having a positive effect onrate as a measure of the Service retention program. retention of career personnel. The state of theReenlistment is a privilege and not a right, and Ser- economy also has an impact. Retention is always dif-vice members must be eligible for reenlistment. In- ficult in skills with high civilian marketability and ineligibility rates vary widely and can be as high as fif- arduous skills such as the combat arms and, with anty percent for first-termers in some Services. The improving economic environment, could becomedenominator of the reenlistment rate is the number more so.

32

DoD ENLISTED COHORT RETENTION- as of SEPTEMBER 1982

PER CENT

F 100

90

80

70

60

DoD 50

aO a ,,\ = = --z -4

a 40

LL . U_ LU. 30

20

o 5 6 10

IL. LL U. U. U. U.

L01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

YEARS COMPLETED

Another way to view retention is through a concept Thus, this chart represents the "survival" experiencecalled net retention or "survival." This concept of the most recent entry cohort to reach each year ofmerges attrition losses, losses at expiration of term service point. The data portray the DoD net retentionof service, reenlistment gains and extension gains in- pattern: proportionally more men than women in ato one measure: the proportion of those who entered cohort stay through about five years of service, butin a given year who are still in service. This data com- then proportionally more women in a cohort remain-pares net retention of enlisted men and women for ing beyond that. This pattern is true of all the Servicesthe most recent non-prior service entry cohort to com- except the Army where proportionally more men thanplete a given year of service. For example, only the women remain in all cohorts except FY 73 One inter-FY73 entry cohort has completed ten years of service, pretation of this data is that the earlier higher attri-but five cohorts (FY73-77) have completed six years tion losses for women are not made up until the first-of service. Data for the most recent cohort to con- term reenlistment point when women tend to reenlistplete six years of service (FY76 cohort) are displayed. at a higher rate than men.

33

NET ENLISTED COHORT RETENTION- as of SEPTEMBER 1982

PER CENT

10090

7060

ARMY 0 so40

- - 30

02010

MU. 90

_____80

7060

NAVY - 0-- 40

-~30

2010

0100

9080

70\-, 60

MARINES 50

: -- 40S-- 30

--. ,- 20C.cc a 10

,. o =.- 100- cc" - 90

t. go o0

. 70

,. - 60

AIR FORCE 50LL - 4030

2010

--0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

YEARS COMPLETED

34

INTRODUCTION TO SECTION III

MEASURES OF PROGRESS,1973-1982

An effective method to compare the progress of any example, the first chart graphically portrays the per-group through a system is by cohort analysis. One cent of enlisted men and women who entered militaryselects a group based on certain characteristics and service in FY73, who remained in military servicethen tracks that group over time. Cohort analysis is through FY82, and who achieved at least the gradethe basis of the graphical portrayal contained in this shown. For ease of comparison, grades are shown onsection. Data for enlisted cohorts after FY78 and of- a cumulative basis. For example, grade E-6 and aboveficer cohorts after FY77 are not shown. Because of includes all those who have advanced to the gradeslimited time in service, all men and women in these of E-6, E-7, E-8, and E-9.cohorts are clustered in the lower grades. Their pro-gress will not be of interest until later years. Percen-tages and absolute numbers are shown. Some cells, Officer Advancementparticularly at higher grades, have small numbers andpercentage comparisons may not be significant.

The cohort concept is applicable, but, because of dif.ferent entry systems for the officer force, the use of

Enlisted Advancement non-prior service entry cohorts is not meaningful. Adifferent set of officer cohort groups was selected forportrayal. The first cohort group is composed of men

The cohorts selected for analysis are based on entry and women who were at pay grade 01 in FY72 andinto the Armed Forces during a particular fiscal year. each succeeding year. The second cohort group isMen and women who had no prior military service and composed of men and women who were at pay gradewho entered the military during each fiscal year begin- 04 in FY72 and each succeeding year. Progress ofning with FY73 were selected as cohorts. The pro- men and women officers in these cohorts who stayedgress of each of these cohorts is then tracked over in service through FY82 is compared. Officer data isthe intervening years to the present. Of interest is how also portrayed on a cumulative basis.many of these men and women are still in service and,if they are, to what grades have they progressed. For

35

SECTION

IIIMEASURES

OF PROGRESS

36

ENLISTED ADVANCEMENTDoD - as of FY 1982 _, ,

AM , SIOS AS 0 f, 1982 1 AS Of y 1902 1

hv Ap % .w V.OvE % .,F% i

1Q73 200-8 38869 2631 .0673 I' 4 h304 ,7 350 5 4338 "I 73 ' 7 1761975 35136 30 259 '7 50598 152 1371916 302'4 356137 I '560 60.12 164 17019 21 92 340852 7 1516 054,1 251 25119A 17 32 266 60, 2 b25 90219 1 338 338 1

PERCENT 1973 1974 PERCENT100 100

women Men

80- 180

60 - 60

40 - - - -- 40

20 - 20

0 E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E.6 E-7

PERCENT 1975 1976 PERCENT

100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0~ -0E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E.5 E-6 E.1 E.2 E.3 E-4 E-5 E-6

PERCENT 1977 1978 PERCENT100 100

80 - 80

60 - 60

40 40

20--- 20

E 1 E.2 E-4 E.5 E.6 E-1 E-2 E.3 E.4 E-5 -

Cumulative g,.de ichieved in peruent as of 1982 uy tluse who enteied in ear showr, and who rernained in -ervce

37

ENLISTED ADVANCEMENTA ('V-. t-V%4v.&=

ARMY -as of FY 1982 i j6

l $3 90. ? 852 3 53? :98 2351Q6 l2.6 0. 51. ~8F 32 53 280 31 1

PERCENT 1973 1974 PERCENT

100 , 110WOMEN\ E

80 80

60 60

40 - 40

20 20

0 0E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E.6 E-7

PERCENT 1975 1976 PERCENT100 100

80 - - 8

60 - 60

40 - 40

20 - - - - - -20

0 0E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7

PERCENT 1977 1978 PERCENT100 100

80 - 80

60 - 60

40 40

20 - 20

0 0E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6

(unuldti( giaae adoved inl percert. as of 1982 by 1 os who entered in year shown and who remadined in seivi~e

38

ENLISTED ADVANCEMENTNAVY - as of FY 1982 Vsi S A S 'I' '1q-I% ?MP I %( I

683 1730794 67 810 1, 9' 6 4 136

870 " 06 6 06 1797 16 341~7 $0S 869 96 22 1 78t 76 7:97 7 i 648 92 W2 1308 242460 2871 267.478 S 52 5 3 21272678 38 369

PERCENT 1973 1974 PERCENT100 -100WomenMe80 - 80

60- -60

40 -4

20 20

0 0E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-F E-7 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-8

PERCENT 1975 1976 PERCENT

100 --- 100

80 - 80

60 -60

40 40

20 20

0 0E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6

PERCENT 1977 1978 PERCENT100 100

80 - 80

60 60

40 - 40

20. 20

0oC 0E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6

Cumulative grade achieved, in percent, as at 1982 by those who entered in year shown and who remained in service

39

ENLISTED ADVANCEMENTUSMVC -as of FY 1982 1 4A kA i M i

W9 I 65.' 409672 0 03 3 1 8 3'91 2I, 474 1 5 5 904

PERCEN 197 197 PERC0ENST9

02 , 1 .7 1,4 0 3

90 60 12! 3 2 4

120t& ,97 2 0

PERCENT 1975 1976 PERCENT100 100

s0 80

60- 60

40 40

20- 20

0 - 0E-1 E2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7

PERCENT 1977 1978 PERCENT100 100

80- 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-1E2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6E-

40 40

ENLISTED ADVANCEMENTAW NOC SVS 1 92 1.11USAF as of FY 1982 FV.Aj I[AR t ':6 % 'AU"% 'i% /9% *46

'6"1 60 60 4 09 2'4 '/3

6 9 6:9 3 669 2304 3 3 2t0I*+.*, 44S6 6? '. 2 24 64 314 7; 4 73 0I ' 4,(2 40 P+ 6045 644 32. 309

PERCENT 1973 1974 PERCENT

100

1! 0+ ;E 'i _100 100

0 80

60 .60

40 - - 40

20 -20

0 Ln n--E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E- E7 E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7

PERCENT 1975 1976 PERCENT100 -_100

80 780

60 60

40 40

20 20

E-1 E-2 E3 E4 E-5 E-6 E1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7

PERCENT 1977 1978 PERCENT100 100

80 80

60 6

40 40

20 20

E1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6

Cumulative grade achieved, in percent, as of 1982 by those who entered in yv'a: fliwii aiid ,olw ierna';ied ;, ervce

41

OFFICER ADVANCEMENTTOTAL DoD - as of 1982

AS OF I0 9 AS OF FY 198,: R0 0 1 O '982 A AS 0' 1, 1992 1F.. . . UN I A ' Y % -i* . C37 Vvi iVJE8 Vu%

19172 2121 3204 j 401 10761 I 19 336 9q' ' v.728 458 14,69 237 325

1973 21. 3 1 '7 621 3355I 258 385 ll, 0 , 50 2' ,31 320 3751971 292: 36742 . 961 16886 329 *60 } 4 1.4 5>362 656 '609 398 441475 2573 30902 1 03 1 -1. I 403 533 1.7' *,s* s i;0 's5 26 81. 002

196 2509 284361, 2 17S' 9 415 609 1 I 1 S6 so :04 US 3000 .6 '9197" 3080 29643 1 700 2078 1 55 2 27 j "03 32 i 66, 674

PERCENT 1972 1973 PERCENT

100 ,. 100

80 80

60I I - 60

40 Az 40

4 gIllH I :20 20

0 0-. l IIUIlI0

01 02 03 04& 04 05 06 01 02 03 04& 04 05 06

"01 in 1972 05 "04 in 1972 "01 in 1973 05 "04 in 1973

PERCENT 1974 1975 PERCENT

100 100

80 - 80

60 60

40 40

20 - 201111 H 101 02 03 041 04 05 06 01 02 03 04& 04 05 06 0"01 in 1974 05 " in I 1974 '01 in 1975 05 04 in 1975

PERCENT 1976 1977 PERCENT

10 0 100

80 - 80

60 - 60

406 40

20. . -I 20

01 02 03& 04 05 06 01 02 03& 04 05 06

'01 in 1916 04 04 in 1976 "0 in 1977 04 "04 in 1977

*Cumulative grade achieved, in percent, as of 1982 by officers who were at grade 01 or grade 04 in year shown andwho remained in service

42

OFFICER ADVANCEMENTARMY - as of 1982

.'WjV6 lO 01 AS fV 1982 AS OI v 1987 %UVS iOl6 4 AS 0F 1 98Z , As ( 1v 1987'G .64 WOW IN, 1510 N318 V( WOWIN 15% O5AA vdI O50153% Vi1,% WOWVi.. 1% WsOW% 1%

1977 56 9491 1 2923 i Q 308 '972 I/6 19766 Y 13 5'i 2 0 3e01973 548 12,69 lb 4134 .2 340 :473 421 18571 2 ' SO 355 401975 69? 123,1 194 4095 790 10' 1Q74 395 17340 174 791 457 41975 195 9892 225 "88 's 494 l 75 366 16734 213 640b 552 5021976 94' 10 032 390 S 4 14 54 1916 407 16499 2 4 9 -23 49 5I1977 1297 10486 633 6574 4', '27" j3 16114 321 08 49 674

6J3118

PERCENT 1972 1973 PERCENT100 100

60

20 0

01 02 03 04& 04 05 06 01 02 03 04& 04 05 06n01 i 1972 05 "04 in 1972 "01 in 1973 05 "04 in 1973

PERCENT 1974 1975 PERCENT

01020304 040506 0102 03 040506 0

"01 in 1974 05 '04 in 1974 *01 in 1975 04 "04 i 1975

PERCENT 1976 1977 PERCENT100 -100

80 - 80

40

20 20

001 02 03& 04 05 06 01 02 03 & 04 05 06"01 in 1976 04 "04 in 1976 "01 in 1977 04 *04 in 1977

*Cumulative grade achieved, in percent, as of 1982 by officers whlo were at grade 01 or grade 04 in year shown andwho remained in service 43

OFFICER ADVANCEMENTNAVY -as of 1982

I N61 A (0 01 'A -1 A '0 1 *~II AL ¥alL I W " v.('I% tl .ij % V1 'J t% . % .*.\,% h'% A N , 1 % , %

:9". ' ACm 6 R 41973 A. *" 'A A A

47 - ' 4 6

IQ~~~A A It I.A 4 IA .

PERCENT 1972 1973 PERCENT

( PERCENT 197 I95PRET

100 i100Women Men

go0 80

60,60

40 40

20 20

01 02 03 041 04 05 06 01 02 03 04& 04 05 06"01 in 1972 05 P4 1r '974 01 in 1973 05 04 in 1973

PERCENT 1974 1975 PERCENT100 100

80 80

- -

60 60

40 40

20- 20

0 .... 'I 001 02 0304 04 05 06 01 02 0304 04 05 06'01 Ir 1974 05 "04 in 1974 '01 in 1975 05 " 04 in 1975

PERCENT 1976 1977 PERCENT100 -100

80- - -80

60 - 60

40 - 40

2 0-20

0 - _ 001 02 031 04 05 06 01 02 031 04 05 06'01 -n 1976 04 *04ri 1976 *1~ in 1977 04 '04in 1277

*Cumulative grade achieved n percent as of 1982 by officers who were at grade 01 or grade 04 in year shown andwho remained in service

OFFICER ADVANCEMENTMARINE CORPS - as of 1982

:71 F I( A'l %niJ~ -% VI.fF m ,vmk NaV f'I 01 % 19 1 1 ' ', V "'2I V A 2C 4 101 0. 6 1582 AS0 V t982

\q^,IA SA 9. %P Xljl % VI % WVt % WP~ VfCA .. 6 :0. 9% .00l W %VI

6 3 Obt,06 850 5 27~4 * ~ o w I? 330 31, - Q I0 979 34 330

.- ~ 3 13 0 1 30 2~? q 13 IN5 :3 3 395'06 "s O6 30 450 9 20' 3). S00 47 3

'3 80 ,o ,0 3" 'v.6; I 32 600L - - -.. ....-

PERCENT 1972 1973 PERCENTWoMe100

s "-80

60 - 60

40 40

20 20

0 001 02 03 04& 04 05 06 01 02 03 04& 04 05 06

"01 in 1972 05 "04 in 1972 *01 in 1913 05 "04 in 1973

PERCENT 1974 1975 PERCENT

100 -100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

01 02 03 04& 04 05 06 01 02 03 04& 04 05 06

"01 in 1974 05 "04 in 1974 "01 in 1975 05 "04 in 1975

PERCENT 1976 1977 PERCENT100 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 a01 02 03& 04 05 06 01 02 03 & 04 05 06"01 n 1976 04 *04 in 1916 "01 n1 1977 04 "04 ri 197?

*Cumulative grade achievedin percent, a., of 1982 by officers who were at grade 01 o grade 04 in year ,hown andwho remained in service 45

OFFICER ADVANCEMENTAIR FORCE - as of 1982

M2Y088 of1o AS OF f 1982 jASS Of Y1982 s,Vpoi*C 04 A, 11A0 4b A, D- 61 1982FISCAt YEAR, WOt iN 'I WVN % UEM WOVN Vl 4 :.1 A vt % vi " %0VI' V1, 1, .111. VI

97 70 053 14; 48701 20 7 1#0 1 ~ 77 '~3 00 "R4 2~19,3 27 0232 1 78 5 f7 308 504 -j '.47 ?M CA 31,1974 957 12735 347 6919 363 543 11 q6 60%, Z27, 87 300 423195 08 10103 6291'" ' 629 2 (1 ' 39 -901916 839 7564 373 5773 43 755 f, IR, " 9 11 29,7 44 604

L_ .977 896 7418 531 6297 59 3 849 3 0 440 6 60 1 6Q

PERCENT 1972 1973 PERCENTiflo 100100, 100

Women, (, Men

80 -80

60- 60- 7

40 -40

20 - '20

01 02 03 04& 04 05 06 01 02 03 04& 04 05 06'01 in 1972 05 '04 in 1972 "01 in 1973 05 "04 in 1973

PERCENT 1974 1975 PERCENT

100 - 100

80 - 80

60 - 60

40 - 40

20 20

0 001 02 03 04& 04 0506 01 02 03 04 & 04 05 06*0l in 1974 05 *04 in 1974 *01 in 1975 05 *04 in 1975

PERCENT 1976 1977 PERCENT100 -100

80. 80

60 - -60

40- 40

20- - 20

0 1 001 02 03& 04 05 06 01 02 03 & 04 05 0601 n 1976 04 '04 m 1976 01 n 1977 04 '04 n 1977

*Cumulative grade achieved, in percent, as of 1982 by officers who were at grade 01 or grade 04 in year shown andwno remained in service 46