i Level Technical Guide

7/28/2019 i Level Technical Guide

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TECHNICAL GUIDE

FOR TRUS JOIST

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ENGINEERED JOISTS

AND BEAMS

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FLOOR SOLUTIONS

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WELCOME TO iLEVEL™

TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE FUTURE IS GREEN

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TJI® JoistBBA 93/2948

BBA ETA-05/0132

TJI® joists are the heart of the floor system. They worktogether to provide stable, uniform and robust floorframing.

TJI® joists are structural wood I-sectionsmanufactured using Microllam® LVL flanges andPerformance Plus™ OSB webs.

See page 14 for more information.

TimberStrand® LSLBBA 97/3369

TimberStrand® laminated strand lumber (LSL)is high-strength, engineered timber that has abroad range of applications in residential andlight commercial construction. Applicationsinclude primary floor beams, trimming beams,lintels, purlins and rim boards.


Parallam® PSLBBA 92/2813

Parallam® parallel strand lumber (PSL) hassuperior strength, stiffness and dimensionalstability. It is available in a wide variety of lengthsand sizes (rectangular and square), making itthe ideal choice for framing applications such asbeams, purlins and columns.


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THE LEADER IN ENGINEERED TIMBER

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FLOOR APPLICATIONS AND REGULATIONS

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This section contains guidance on specifying suspended ground floors, upperfloors (within the same dwelling) and separating floors (between dwellings), anduses the following symbols to show compliance with building regulations andstandards.

Fire Safety

Resistance to Sound Passage

Durability and Fitness of Materials

Resistance to Moisture, Contaminants and Dangerous Substances

Mechanical Resistance, Loading, Structural Adequacy and Stability

Energy Conservation

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All details in this guide are based on current information available at the time of publication. Alternative details may be available, consult your iLevel™ representative.


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Floor deck

Insulation packed tight between webs of TJI® joists

TJI® joist

Alternatively, solid rigid insulation may be used without supporting mesh

Galvanised wire, plastic mesh or breather membranefixed to form troughs and support insulation

Typical Insulation Detail


TJI® joists, TimberStrand® LSL and Parallam® PSL do not require any additionaltreatment provided that the ground is adequately prepared and drained to preventmoisture ingress and vegetation growth (see below).

Pre-galvanised joist hangers, straps and other metal connectors must have a

coating weight of 600 g/m2, including both sides. Post galvanised articles musthave a coating weight of 920 g/m2, including both sides.

Energy Conservation

Insulation: Ground floor U-values vary with floor size and must be calculatedindividually. The table below gives guidance only and should not be used tospecify insulation requirements. Actual insulation thickness requirements willdepend on specific construction details. Always seek the insulation manufacturer’sadvice.

Resistance to Moisture, Contaminantsand Dangerous Substances

Damp Proofing: The supporting structure should incorporate damp-proofingmaterials located to prevent moisture from reaching the suspended floor.

Drainage: Where the finished level below the suspended floor is lower than theexternal ground level, the internal ground cover must slope and provide drainage(e.g., perimeter drain to gulley/sump or soakaway).

Ground Preparation: Here are two alternative methods of preparing the ground.

In both instances the solum should be brought to a level surface or fall to suitdrainage:

1. 100 mm of BS EN 206-1/BS8500-2/GEN0 concrete laid directly over 100 mmclean hardcore (broken stone or brick).

2. 50 mm of BS EN 206-1/BS8500-2/GEN0 concrete or inert fine aggregate, laid on1200 g polythene (1000 g if PIFA branded), lapped and turned up at edges, on25 mm sand blinding laid directly onto the solum.

Ventilation: There should be 75 mm of clear, ventilated, air space between theground cover and the underside of the wallplate, and 150 mm clear to the undersideof the floor. On shrinkable soil where there is a risk of ground heave, an allowanceshould be added to these clearances.

Two opposing external walls should have ventilated openings providing 1500 mm2

per metre run of wall. Internal s leeper walls should be honeycombed or containat least the same number of air bricks as the external walls to permit cross-flowventilation.

Where the finished ground level is sloped, or the ground floor is on split levels, orthe overall cross-flow distance exceeds 15 metres, providing a mechanically forcedventilation system is strongly recommended. For larger floor areas, ensure that atleast 500 mm2 of ventilation is provided for every square metre of floor.

Radon: Where protection against radon or other ground gases is required, seek theadvice of a specialist.

Air Leakage: The ground floor is an area where potential energylosses can occur; therefore, connections to the external wallsmust minimise air leakage. Conventional masonry hangers areacceptable. Where joists are built into the inner leaf of a masonrywall, they should be effectively sealed. See Air Leakage onpage 7 for more information.

Resistance to Sound PassageTo minimise sound transmission through air gaps, use joist hangers when thejoists bear onto masonry separating walls. Where TJI® joists are built into masonryseparating walls, they must be effectively sealed. The quality of workmanship impactsthe effectiveness of any detail in reducing sound transmission.

Mechanical Resistance, Loading,Structural Adequacy and Stability

Suspended Ground Floors: Ground floors are generally dry and not heated. Therefore,they should be designed for a Service Class 2 (SC 2) environment. See Clear Span

table and General Notes on page 16 for allowable spans and other information.

Bottom Flange Stability: Unlike intermediate floors, ground floors do not have aceiling fixed directly to the bottom flange. This has two effects:

1. The TJ-Pro™ Rating will be reduced (this adjustment must be made in theTJ-Beam® and TJ-Xpert® software), and;

2. Where joists are continuous over supports, the bottom flange will be incompression and will require lateral support through bracing or noggings.

Design Tips: There is a general expectation that ground floors should feel “firmer”than upper level floors. Therefore, when specifying a ground floor, ask for a higherTJ-Pro™ Rating (about 5 to 10 points over that specified for the upper floors) andavoid long spans if possible.

Lateral Restraint for Walls: Lateral restraint straps are required where the top ofthe floor deck is higher than 1 m above the finished external or internal ground level.

Insulation Type Insulation Thickness (mm)

Mineral Wool 200

Rigid Urethane Board 130Rigid PIR Board 115

Expanded Polystyrene 215

Insulation Applicationfor U = 0.20 W/m2K

* Table is based on insulation between TJI® joists that are at400 to 600 mm centres.

Ground Floors



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Sealant

Air flow

25 mmminimum

TJI® joist

DPC

Minimum150 mm

Include open perpends at1.5 m centres between vents

Floor insulation omitted for clarity.

TJI® Joist Parallel to Wall(External and internal ground at same grade)

Ground Floors, Continued

Sealant TJI® joist

DPC

Air flow

Minimum150 mm

DPC

SpanDirection

Minimum 75 mm to DPC

Intermediate support with cross ventilationExternalcavity wallOpen perpend

DPC

Wall designed to buildingdesigner’s requirements

Granular fill

Perforated drain

Subfloor ground level to fallto outlet/drain(see drainage notes)

Minimum150 mm

Optional wall plate

Alternative masonry hanger support detail

Floor insulation omitted for clarity. Joists can be built-in or supported on hangers.

TJI® Joist Bearing on External Wall(External ground above or level with internal floor)

TJI® Joist Bearing on External Wall(External ground below internal floor)

Sealant TJI® joist

DPC

Air flow

Minimum150 mm

DPC

SpanDirection

Intermediate support with cross ventilationSubfloor ground level to fallto outlet/drain(see drainage notes)

External

cavity wall

Minimum150 mm

DPC

Floor insulation omitted for clarity.



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Intermediate (Upper) Floor


Part E, Internal Floor, Type C: Approved Document E (Building regulations–Englandand Wales) prescribes a floor construction that meets requirement E2 (i.e., a laboratorytest result of 40 dB).

Laboratory Sound Insulation Testing: Floor constructions have been sound testedat the UKAS-accredited facilities at the BRE and SRL. Copies of test certificates areavailable on request.

Air Paths: Joist hangers should be used when joists bear onto masonry separatingwalls to minimise sound transmission through air gaps. When TJI® joists are builtinto masonry separating walls, they must be effectively sealed (see the detail underEnergy Conservation). The quality of workmanship and site supervision of any detailimpacts its effectiveness in reducing sound transmission.

Resilient Bars: Proprietary metal resilient ceiling bars can be fitted between thejoists and ceiling lining in order to enhance sound resistance by up to 5 dB, withoutimpairing the 30 minute resistance. See the detail and table below. Contact youriLevel representative for further details.

Mechanical Resistance, Loading, Structural Adequacy

and Stability

When designed using the information, guidance and product design data givenin this guide, our products will have adequate strength, stiffness and stability tocomply with all building regulations.

Suspended Intermediate Floors: Intermediate floors are generally dry and heated.Therefore, they should be designed for a Service Class 1 environment. See TJI® JoistClear Span table and General Notes on page 17 for allowable spans and otherinformation. Also see Allowable Load tables on page 15. For TimberStrand® LSLand Parallam® PSL design data, see pages 18 and 20, respectively.


TJI® joists, TimberStrand® LSL and Parallam® PSL beams – when used in aninternal, heated environment – will have a life expectancy equal to or greater thanthat of the building where they are installed.

Pre-galvanised joist hangers, straps and other metal connectors must have acoating weight of 600 g/m2, including both sides. Post-galvanised articles musthave a coating weight of 920 g/m2, including both sides.

Fire Safety

Fire Resistance: Typically, intermediate floor applications will be required toachieve 30 minutes of fire resistance. The following specifications have been testedor assessed to achieve 30 minutes of fire resistance (ref: International Fire

Consultants Assessment Report, Ref. IFCA/06111).

Ceiling Linings: Use 12.5 mm gypsum wall board with 5 mm gypsum plaster skim,12.5 mm or 15 mm fire-resisting plasterboard, or 12.5 mm dense sound-resistingplasterboard or 15 mm gypsum wallboard. 15 mm boards do not require perimeteror board-edge noggings. Other lining options are available, but are subject tothe manufacturer underwriting the performance of the lining system for thisapplication. Fix ceiling lining in accordance with the plasterboard manufacturer’s

instructions.

Junction Details: In addition to the junction details shown on page 8, there is analternative timber-frame detail using a single rim board cloaked with a 12 mmthick cement-bonded particle board. This detail is the subject of Chiltern Inter-

national Fire Assessment report Ref: FEE/F06011 . This detail will not be suitablefor use in Robust Details for timber separating walls and may require pre-completionsound testing when used. Contact your iLevelTM representative for further details.

Downlighters: Only use downlighters that have been assessed for 60-minutefire resistance and tested for adequate acoustic performance. Always seek themanufacturer’s advice and substantive evidence when specifying downlighters.

Char Ratings: The char rating for TimberStrand® LSL is 40 mm/hour. The charrating for Parallam® PSL is 36.3 mm/hour perpendicular to the wide face of thestrands and 37.5 mm/hour parallel to the wide face of strands (narrow edge).

Energy Conservation

Air Leakage: Potential energy losses can occur around the external perimeter ofthe floor; therefore, connections to the external walls must minimise air leakage.Conventional masonry hangers are acceptable. Where joists are built into the inner leafof a masonry wall, they should be effectively sealed.

Built-in Joists: The following detail will only beeffective when combined with good workmanship,supervision and durable, low-modulus siliconesealant. Follow these guidelines:

* Fit plywood/OSB web filler blocks on both sides ofthe web, extending from flange to flange. Leave a5 mm gap at the top and bottom to accommodateexpansion.

* Cut the inner leaf block work and lay it up to the joist ends, witha mortar joint running up the sides and over the top of the joist.The mortar joints around each joist should be recessed or struck.

* Any potential air path, such as the joint between the masonry andthe TJI® joist, should be carefully pointed with silicone sealant.

Joist Caps: The iLevel™ Trus Joist® TJ®-EnergyStop™ cap is available for use inthese applications. Contact your iLevel™ representative for more information.

Alternatively, other proprietary capping products can be used provided thatthe manufacturer can demonstrate compliance with building regulationrequirements and that the cap is fully compatible with TJI® joists. ContactiLevel™ for details on products which have been evaluated for this use.

Assessed Resilient Bars

Manufacturer Designation

British Gypsum RB1

Lafarge RBD3000

Knauf Knauf Resilient Bar


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Intermediate (Upper) Floor, continued

Floor specifications to provide airborne sound reduction > 40 db and fire resistance > 30 minutes (BS476:Part 21)

Note:* These details meet the

requirements of Robust Details E-WT-1 and E-WT-2, for timber separating walls.

32 or 45 mm TimberStrand® LSL rim board

45 mm TimberStrand® LSL perimeter joist or

32 mm TimberStrand® LSL + a TJI® joist

32 or 45 mm TimberStrand® LSLblocking pieces between TJI® joists

Plywood/OSB web filler blocks cut to fitbetween flanges, thickness to suit flange

size, fitted both sides

Timber Frame Party Wall Junctions

Masonry Party Wall Junctions

Notes:* Junction details meet the

requirements of Robust Details E-WM-1 thru 8, for masonry separating walls

* Illustration: concrete blocks, render and gypsum-based boards on dabs (E-WM-3, 4, 6 & 7)

* Only use with masonry wall specifications in Part E Robust Details

Render

Masonry hanger

Continuous horizontalribbon of adhesive


Notes:* No perimeter noggings are

required for 15 mm plasterboard ceilings. Ref: International Fire Consultants Assessment Report,Ref. IFCA/06111.

* Insulation (density 10–33 Kg/m 3 ) may be required for sound insulation where alternative deck and ceiling constructions are used.

* Insulation may be added to improve sound resistance.

22 mm flooring-grade chipboard/OSB

TJI® joist

12.5 mm or 15 mm fire-resisting plasterboard, or 12.5 mm dense

sound-resisting plasterboard or 15 mm gypsum wallboard.See Notes above.

Fix ceiling lining in accordance with the

plasterboard manufacturer’s instructions

400–600 mm

Optional fitment ofrecessed light fittings.For more information,see the documentreferenced in Notes.

Typical Intermediate Floor

Effectively seal the joistend with web stiffeners andsealant or a proprietary cap



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Energy Conservation

Typically, the impact of separating floors on conservation of energy is the same asintermediate floors. See page 7 for Energy Conservation information.


Sound Resistance: The requirements for sound resistance vary within the UKand Ireland regions. The current requirements for England & Wales (Part E) setthe highest performance level and therefore ensure compliance in all regions.The required performance levels for floors are:

Airborne min. DnT,w + Ctr = 45 dB, Impact max. L’nT,w = 62dB.

Compliance: In England and Wales there are two methods to achieve compliancewith Part E:

* Method 1. Pre-Completion Testing (PCT) is carried out on a representativesample of separating and flanking constructions on each development.

* Method 2 . All separating and flanking constructions must be detailed andconstructed in accordance with those listed in the Robust Details Part E

Handbook , published by Robust Details Ltd. If the construction uses only robustdetails, PCT will not be required.

See Approved Document E, Building Regulations – England and Wales for moredetails.

Workmanship: Good workmanship is a key element in complying with soundregulations. Checklists should be drawn up to define the materials, detailing andmethod of construction to be completed by the site manager/supervisor. Robust

Details Part E Handbook contains a checklist for each robust detail. The non-robustdetails shown in this guide should, under normal circumstances and with goodstandards of workmanship, meet the AD-E performance standards of RequirementE1. However, due to the significant influence of workmanship, successful PCTresults cannot be guaranteed.

Flanking Noise: The various regulations give guidance on forming junctions,penetrations and flanking elements with timber separating floors. Pay particularattention to junctions at masonry walls. Where the mass-per-unit-area of the inner

masonry leaf is less than 375 kg/m2

, an independent panel lining system (or anequal-performing, proprietary lining system) is required.

Mechanical Resistance, Loading, Structural Adequacyand Stability.

When designed using the information, guidance and product design data givenin this guide, our products will have adequate strength, stiffness and stability tocomply with all building regulations.

Suspended Separating Floors: Separating floors are generally dry and heated.Therefore, they should be designed for a Service Class 1 environment.See TJI® Joist Clear Span table and General Notes on page 17 for allowablespans and other information. Also see Allowable Load table on page 15. ForTimberStrand® LSL and Parallam® PSL design data, see pages 18 and 20,respectively.


TJI® joists, TimberStrand® LSL and Parallam® PSL beams – when used in aninternal, heated environment – will have li fe expectancy equal to or greater thanthat of the building where they are installed.

Pre-galvanised joist hangers, straps and other metal connectors must have a coatingweight of 600 g/m2, including both sides. Post-galvanised articles must have acoating weight of 920 g/m2, including both sides.

Fire Safety

Fire Resistance: Typically, a separating floor application will be requiredto achieve 60 minutes of fire resistance. The following specificationshave been tested or assessed to achieve 60 minutes of fire resistance(ref: International Fire Consultants Assessment Report, Ref. IFCA/06111).

Ceiling Linings: Use 12.5 mm or 15 mm Type 5 fire resisting gypsum board, or12.5 mm Glasroc Multiboard, or 15 mm Type 1 gypsum wallboard. Fix all with either40 mm galvanised nails at 150 mm centres or 38 mm long dry-lining screws at225 mm centres. 15 mm boards do not require perimeter or board-edge noggings.Other lining options are available, but are subject to the manufacturer underwritingthe performance of the lining system for this application.

Ceiling Fixing:

* Fix resilient bar at 90° to the joists at perpendicular to the joists at 400 mmcentres using 32 mm dry lining screws at every joist/bar intersection. Join barswith a minimum 200 mm overlap at joist locations.

* Fix plasterboard layers to resilient bars using dry-lining screws at 230 mmcentres, maximum, across the board width. Use 150 mm centres, maximum, atcut ends and ceiling perimeters. Stagger board joints between layers. Use theapplicable method below to fix the plasterboard layers.

– Fixing Method 1: Fix 19 mm base board with 32 mm dry lining screws, then fix12.5 mm face layer with 42 mm dry-lining screws.

– Fixing Method 2 : Fix 15 mm base board with 25 mm dry lining screws, then fix15 mm face layer with 42 mm dry-lining screws.

Other lining options are available, but are subject to the manufacturer underwritingthe lining’s performance for this application.

Downlighters: Only use downlighters that have been assessed for 60 minutesfire resistance and tested for adequate acoustic performance. Always seek themanufacturer’s advice and substantive evidence when specifying downlighters.

Char Ratings: The char rating for TimberStrand® LSL is 40 mm/hour. The charrating for Parallam® PSL is 36.3 mm/hour perpendicular to the wide face of thestrands and 37.5 mm/hour parallel to wide face of strands (narrow edge).

Separating Floor


Base Layer Face LayerRobust DetailCertification

FixingMethod

19 mm Type 1 plank12.5 mm fire-resisting

plasterboardYes CT-1 1

19 mm Type 1 plank12.5 mm dense sound-resisting plasterboard

Yes CT-1 1

19 mm Type 1 plank12.5 mm Type 1 wallboard

+ 3 mm plaster skimNo PCT Required 1

15 mm fire-resistingplasterboard

15 mm fire-resistingplasterboard

No PCT Required 2

15 mm dense sound-resisting plasterboard

15 mm dense sound-resisting plasterboard

Yes CT-2 2

Ceiling Linings



This is NOT a Robust Detail and therefore

will be subject to Pre-Completion

Testing (PCT) in England and Wales.

Timber Separating Wall Junctions

22 mm chipboard flooring

Gypsum-based board (13.5 kg/m2)

30 mm thick material fibre (140 kg/m3)

22 mm chipboard deck

Minimum 241 mm TJI® joist

Minimum 100 mm mineral fibrecased quilt (10-33 kg/m3)

Resilient bar

2 layers of gypsum-based board,total nominal weight of 23 kg/m2,each board to be a minimumof 10 kg/m2

Requirements for intermediate floors, rim board,perimeter joists and blocking apply. See page 8.

Plywood/OSB filler blockscut to fit between flanges,

thickness to suit flangesize, fitted both sides

Minimum. 100 mmmineral fibre casedquilt (10-33 kg/m3)

Minimum 15 mm deck

FFT-I resilient batten

Gypsum-based boardnominal 13.5 kg/m2

2 layers of gypsum-based board, totalnominal weight of 22 kg/m2 both sides

Separating Floor, continued

Timber Frame External Wall Junction

Minimum 5 mm foamed polyethyleneresilient flanking strip

Mineral wool laidbetween battens

Minimum 241 mm TJI® joist

Resilient bar

Minimum 18 mm T&G flooring board

2 layers of gypsum-basedboard, combined weightof 23 kg/m2, all jointsstaggered

Seal with tape or

caulk with sealant

2 layers of gypsum-based board, normalweight of 8 kg/m2 per layer

Masonryouter leaf

Cavity stop

Minimum 50 mm

external wall cavity


Part E Robust Details E-TF-1

(timber I-joists) and E-WT1

(twin timber frames without sheathing board). Refer to

Robust Details Part E handbook for

detailed specifications.

Part E Robust Details E-TF-1

(timber I-joists) and E-WT1

(twin timber frames without sheathing board). Refer to

Robust Details Part E handbook for

detailed

specifications.



Masonry External Wall Junction

Brickouter leaf

Cavitystop

Concreteblock workinner leaf

Seal with tape or caulk with sealant

190 mm block(min. 1975 kg/m3)

Masonry hanger

Independent panel system

External cavity wall, inner leafdensity less than or equal to

375 kg/m2 plus the density of theindependent lining panels

External cavity wall,inner leaf density greater than

375 kg/m2

Minimum 50 mm cavity

Masonry joisthangers

13mm lightweight plaster(10 kg/m2) on both sides

215 mm block laidflat (block density

1840 kg/m3)

2 leaves of concrete block

Cavity stop

Seal with tape or caulkwith sealant

Independent panels, minimummass of 20 kg/m2.Use one of the following:* 2 layers of plasterboard with

staggered joints, or

*

A composite panel comprised of2 sheets of plasterboardseparated by a cellular core, or

* A proprietary lining system withtested performance history.

Minimum 50 mm cavity masonry

core with independent panels onboth room faces

Dense aggregate block workwall and plaster

Masonry Separating Wall Junctions


This is NOT a Robust Detail and therefore

will be subject to Pre-Completion

Testing (PCT) in England and Wales.

This is NOT a Robust Detail and therefore will be subject

to Pre-Completion Testing (PCT)

in England and Wales.



Step 2: Determine the Direction of the Joists

Where possible, design all joists to run in the same direction. Changing the joist direction can create

complicated detailing.

* Generally, keeping joist spans short will result in the most simple and economical floor. However, there maybe situations when spanning the longest distance will provide operational advantages.

* Consider the following:

– Placement of scaffolding: Locating scaffolding outside of external walls may offer time and costsavings.

– Availability of internal supports: Load-bearing internal walls and proper placement of primary supportbeams may allow joists to cover multiple spans. Multi-span joists may be able to have a reduced depthand/or flange width without affecting performance.

– Conflicts with services: Avoid unnecessary conflicts with services by having the service plan availableat the time of the joist layout. Services can be easily accommodated within the depth of the floor withproper planning. Where potential conflict exists, evaluate the costs of re-directing the service against the

cost of altering the joist plan.

Step 3: Determine the Size and Spacing of the Joists* For joist spacing, use 600 mm centres as a starting point.

* Joist spacing should be uniform across the floor to coincide with deck and ceiling board joints.

* Joists at 600 mm centres will have improved sound resistance, and if they meet specifications for floor andceiling construction, will comply with the building regulations.

* Generally, floors that incorporate deeper joists will be more economical to build. Example solutions for a floorspanning 3.9 metres are given below:

FLOOR DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Step 1: Establish Design Criteria

Dead Load – Weight of floor plus any permanent fixtures and finishes (including partitions and stair loads).

Imposed Load – Determined by use, room or building type, including stair loads (ref.: BS6399-1). Specialconsideration should be given to the weight of heating boilers – they impose significant load that should beaddressed at the design stage. Neglecting this load could result in unacceptable deflections and ceiling cracks.

Exceptional Loads – Non-standard fixtures and equipment (billiard table, slate floor tiles, waterbed). Weightsas supplied by manufacturer.

Maximum Deflection – Determined by the design code and the customer specification. Be sure to consider thebrittleness of any floor or ceiling finish.

Floor Performance – The ‘feel’ and ‘firmness’ of a floor, and how it will suit the customer’s requirements.

Fire Safety – Construction and performance requirements as determined by the use of the room and thebuilding, and as specified by the building regulations.

Sound Resistance – Construction and performance requirements as determined by the use of the room andbuilding and as specified by the building regulations.

Do not make assumptions – always ask and confirm.

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Designing with iLevel™ Trus Joist® products

This table illustrates the relative costsof joist framing that support a domestic

floor spanning 3.9 m, satisfies BS 5268-2and NHBC design criteria, and having aTJ-Pro™ Rating of 45 points.

TJI® SeriesJoist

Joist Depthmm

Joist Centresmm

Relative Cost

105 302 600 £360 241 480 ££560 220 600 ££


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Step 4: Detailing

The following are recommendations to produce robust, easy-to-install floors. Theyare not mandatory or required by building codes.

* Fixed features (i.e., walls and stairwells) provide starting points for joist layoutplans.

* Maintain a gap of 25 mm to 75 mm between the wall and the first joist. Thisprovides enough space to run radiator pipes, but limits the unsupported free-

edge of deck and ceiling boards. Also locate perimeter noggings within theselimits. See details A7 and A8 on page 25.

Stairwells

See Layout 1 below.

* Use TimberStrand® LSL for stairwell trimmers that have multiple hangersattached. Use TJI® joists (minimum TJI® 110 series) where a continuous joistforms the stair trimmer, particularly if it interrupts services. UseTimberStrand® LSL for simply supported stairwell members.

* Use a minimum TJI® 360 joist or a minimum 89 mm TimberStrand® LSL orParallam® PSL trimmer for the stairwell at the low end of the stairs. Use aTJI® 560 joist where the stairwell trimmer supports two flights of stairs.

* On three-storey dwellings, the minimum joist width is 89 mm for first-floor

trimmers supporting two sets of stairs.

– Where possible, use connection H1. See page 26 for details.

FLOOR DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Step 5: Review the Design* Have all safety issues been considered?

* Has site installation been simplified as much as possible?

* Does the design minimise potential for the following:

– missing components and fixtures?

– instability during installation?

– congested fixing and nailing details?

– poor access and working space?

* Can material and component costs be reduced without compromising safety andperformance?

* Review the design, and go back to Step 1 as required.

Layout 1

45 mm wide

Fill stair-side of web with plywood packer

58 mm TJI® joist or 89 mm LSL or PSL

TJI®

6

6

LSL

A2

LSL

TJI®

Layout 2

45 mm x joist depth LSL

TJI®

Top mount hanger

Top mount hanger

LSL

TJI®s @ 600mm centres

Top mount hanger

Service Voids

See Layout 2 below.

* Make sure plumbing voids are 600 mm wide to provide working space for futuremaintenance.

* Provide a TJI® joist against the wall, fixed to the trimming beam with top mounthangers; backer block is not required. Alternatively, fix 45 mm (minimum) battento the wall to support noggings and decking.

* Use noggings at 600 mm centres to provide support for the floor deck. See detailA16 on page 26 for details.

Support Connections

Timber-to-timber connections and floor-to-wall connections for timber frameconstruction are shown in the details on pages 24–29 of this guide. Whenconnecting joists to masonry, connection options include traditional masonryhangers, building the joist ends into the walls and specialised masonry hangersthat can safely support limited loads during follow-on construction work. Whenselecting the support method for masonry construction, consider the following:

Air Leakage Through External Walls: To comply with energy conservation

regulations, air leakage must be controlled. It is generally accepted thattraditional masonry hangers do not cause additional air paths. However, whenbuilding joists into the wall, an effective seal to minimise air leakage must beused. Proprietary devices such as end caps and sealing systems are available tocontrol air loss.

Sound Transmission Through Separating Walls: Sound transmission can beaffected by the floor-wall junction. The support method may create air pathsor penetrations through which air-borne impact sound can transmit. See thevarious building regulations for information on detailing for the control of soundtransmission.

Construction Tolerances: Where masonry walls are supporting both ends ofa joist, pay special attention to any possible deviations of the floor length fromwhat was specified. Verify that the support method can safely accommodatedeviations in floor length. If it cannot accommodate any expected deviations,

then cut the joists accordingly.

Construction Loads: Some proprietary masonry hangers permit limitedconstruction loads to be safely applied to the floor without the need to ei therprop the floor or build up and cure the supporting walls above the hangers.Using these systems can speed up construction and reduce the costs of accessand safety equipment.

Always use iLevel™-approved connector products. See page 30.

6 0 0 m m



Standard Sections

45 mm

35 mm

9.5 mm H

TJI® 110 Joists

H = 220, 241 or 302 mm

38 mm

35 mm

9.5 mm H

TJI® 105 Joists

H = 220, 241 or 302 mm

TJI® 360 Joists

H = 220, 241, 302, 356 or 406 mm

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The Heart of the System

TJI® JOISTS

"

TJI® 560 Joists

H = 220, 241, 302, 356 or 406 mm

89 mm

11.1 mm H

35 mm

58 mm

9.5 mm H

35 mm

B87


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General Notes* Design properties include the following:

– K 3 = 1.0 , for long-term loads

– K dom = 1.12, for domestic floors

– K 8 = 1.1, for load-sharing members (4 or more joists at 610 mm centres or less).

* The reaction values above are based on an assumed minimum bearing length of 45 mm at ends and 89 mm atintermediate supports.

* See BBA Agrément Certificate 93/2948 for additional information.

* The following formula approximates the uniform load deflection of Δ (mm):

q = Uniform load (kN/m)

ℓ = Span (mm)

H = Depth of joist (mm)

G = 710 N/mm2

El = Value from table (N-mm2)

t = Web thickness (mm)

Δ =

5 · q · ℓ4

384 · EI

q · ℓ2

8 · G · H · t

Allowable Total Uniform Load (kN/m)

Design Properties (SC1)

TJI®

SeriesDepth (H)

(mm)

Basic Properties Reaction Properties

JoistWeight(kg/m)

BendingMomentCapacity(kN-m)

FlexuralRigidity El

(N-mm2x109)

MaximumVerticalShear(kN)

MaximumEnd

Reaction(kN)

Maximum IntermediateReaction (kN)

No WebStiffeners

With WebStiffeners

105

220 2.7 2.51 276 4.20 3.44 7.50 N.A.

241 2.8 2.79 344 4.64 3.44 7.50 N.A.

302 3.2 3.61 591 5.90 3.44 7.50 N.A.

110

220 2.9 2.96 322 4.40 3.56 7.80 N.A.

241 3.1 3.29 401 4.83 3.56 7.80 N.A.

302 3.5 4.26 685 6.09 3.56 7.80 12.17

360

220 3.6 5.81 572 4.76 4.39 9.51 N.A.

241 3.7 6.47 710 5.19 4.39 9.88 N.A.

302 4.1 8.37 1,202 6.45 4.39 9.88 12.91

356 4.4 10.06 1,753 7.57 4.39 9.88 15.13

406 4.7 11.61 2,363 8.47 4.39 9.88 15.14

560

220 5.1 8.93 871 4.95 4.94 9.88 N.A.

241 5.3 9.94 1,080 5.51 5.27 11.01 11.01

302 5.7 12.87 1,824 7.19 5.27 12.01 14.37

356 6.1 15.46 2,653 8.70 5.27 12.01 17.40

406 6.5 17.86 3,569 10.13 5.27 12.01 18.11

Joist ClearSpan (m)

TJI® 105 TJI® 110 TJI® 360 TJI® 560

220 mm 241 mm 302 mm 220 mm 241 mm 302 mm 220 mm 241 mm 302 mm 356 mm 406 mm 220 mm 241 mm 302 mm 356 mm 406 mm

2.0 2.90 2.90 2.90 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.68 3.82 3.82 3.82 3.82 3.82 4.26 4.64 4.64 4.64

2.5 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.43 2.43 2.43 2.96 3.08 3.08 3.08 3.08 3.08 3.43 3.74 3.74 3.74

3.0 1.89 1.96 1.96 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.48 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.87 3.13 3.13 3.13

3.5 1.25 1.53 1.68 1.43 1.75 1.75 2.13 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.47 2.69 2.69 2.694.0 0.86 1.05 1.47 0.98 1.21 1.53 1.61 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 2.16 2.36 2.36 2.36

4.5 0.68 1.13 0.63 0.78 1.28 1.05 1.28 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.53 1.85 2.10 2.10 2.10

5.0 0.76 0.87 0.71 0.87 1.40 1.56 1.56 1.04 1.27 1.90 1.90 1.90

5.5 0.60 0.61 0.99 1.39 1.42 0.73 0.89 1.44 1.73 1.73

6.0 0.72 1.02 1.30 0.65 1.05 1.47 1.58

6.5 0.76 1.00 0.78 1.10 1.44

7.0 0.76 0.84 1.10

7.5 0.65 0.85

TJI® JOISTS

TJI ® joists are intended for dry-use applications

(SC1 and SC2)

General Notes* Tables are based on:

– Uniform loads.

– The lesser load from a single- or continuous-span application.

– Allowable increases for load-sharing members (4 or more joists at610 mm centres or less).

– Clear distance between supports. See iNFO on page 16.

Service Class: SC1 (dry, frequently heated)

Long-term, domestic-floor and load-sharing factors (K 3 = 1.0, K dom = 1.12, K 8 = 1.1)

* Maximum deflection criteria:

– ≤ 0.003 x design span (L + 45 mm) ≤ 14 mm, recommendedcriteria of BS5268:Part 2

– ≤ 12 mm, recommended criteria of NHBC Standards for Unbraced Joists:Section 6.4

+



Joist Depth(mm)

TJI®

Series

Max De flection = 0.003L or 12 mm TJ-Pro™ Rating = 4 5

Spacing of Joists (m) Spacing of Joists (m)

400 480 600 400 480 600

220

105 3.82 3.57 3.28 3.05 2.90 2.54

110 4.00 3.75 3.45 3.19 3.02 2.65

360 4.57 4.34 4.08 3.76 3.53 3.09

560 5.07 4.82 4.53 4.39 4.05 3.60

241

105 4.07 3.85 3.49 3.30 3.13 2.77

110 4.22 4.02 3.63 3.46 3.27 2.89

360 4.82 4.59 4.31 4.11 3.81 3.37

560 5.35 5.08 4.78 4.77 4.37 3.91

302

105 4.66 4.38 3.49 4.07 3.77 3.39

110 4.83 4.56 3.63 4.25 3.93 3.53

360 5.50 5.23 4.62 5.01 4.58 4.11

560 6.09 5.79 5.44 5.76 5.22 4.73

356360 6.04 5.74 4.62 5.74 5.20 4.62

560 6.68 6.35 5.63 6.31 5.87 5.40

406360 6.50 5.79 4.62 6.18 5.75 4.62

560 7.20 6.84 5.63 6.75 6.31 5.63

Clear Span (m)


– Uniform loads for domestic dwellings.

– A live load of 1.5 kN/m2.

– Uniform dead load of 0.27 kN/m2 for non-load bearing partitions weighing 0.8 kN/m or less.

– Clear distance between supports. See iNFO above.

– The lesser span obtained for single- or continuous-span applications.

– Allowable increases for load-sharing members (4 or more joists at 610 mm centres or less).


– ≤ 0.003 x design span (L + 45 mm) ≤ 14 mm, recommended criteria of BS5268:Part 2

– ≤ 12 mm, recommended criteria of NHBC Standards for Unbraced Joists:Section 6.4

Dead Load = 0.48 kN/m2 (self weight) + 0.27 kN/m2 (lightweight non-load bearing partitions) = 0.75 kN/m2

Floor Deck: 22 mm T&G chipboard nailed or screwed to joists

Ceiling: NoneService Class: SC2 (dry, not heated)

Ground Floor

CLEAR SPAN TABLES

TL

L

TL

L L

45 mm

Minimum End Bearing Minimum Intermediate Bearing

89 mm

iNFOL: Clear span in metres

TL : Total uniform load (kN/m)






– Uniform dead load of 0.27 kN/m2 for non-load bearing partitions weighing0.8 kN/m or less.


– The lesser span obtained for single- or continuous-span applications.

– Allowable increases for load-sharing members (4 or more joists at 610 mmcentres or less).


– ≤ 0.003 x design span (L + 45 mm) ≤ 14 mm, recommended criteria of

BS5268:Part 2– ≤ 12 mm, recommended criteria of NHBC Standards for Unbraced Joists:

Section 6.4

Joist Depth(mm)

TJI®

Series

Max Deflection = 0.003L or 12 mm TJ-Pro™ Rating = 45 TJ-Pro™ Rating = 50

Spacing of Joists (m) Spacing of Joists (m) Spacing of Joists (m)

400 480 600 400 480 600 400 480 600

220

105 3.95 3.69 3.40 3.43 3.17 2.88 3.07 2.91 2.56

110 4.10 3.88 3.58 3.58 3.31 3.00 3.20 3.03 2.66

360 4.69 4.46 4.20 4.23 3.86 3.50 3.77 3.53 3.09

560 5.20 4.95 4.66 4.87 4.41 4.02 4.37 4.03 3.56

241

105 4.17 3.97 3.67 3.71 3.42 3.11 3.32 3.14 2.77

110 4.33 4.12 3.85 3.88 3.56 3.24 3.47 3.27 2.89

360 4.95 4.71 4.43 4.57 4.16 3.78 4.09 3.80 3.35

560 5.49 5.22 4.91 5.25 4.74 4.33 4.72 4.34 3.85

302

105 4.78 4.55 4.28 4.49 4.09 3.76 4.06 3.76 3.37

110 4.95 4.71 4.44 4.69 4.26 3.91 4.23 3.91 3.50

360 5.64 5.37 5.05 5.49 4.95 4.54 4.95 4.54 4.05

560 6.26 5.95 5.59 6.12 5.64 5.18 5.67 5.16 4.64

356360 6.20 5.90 5.55 6.10 5.62 5.17 5.65 5.14 4.63

560 6.87 6.53 6.14 6.68 6.21 5.84 6.20 5.80 5.28

406360 6.68 6.36 5.79 6.55 6.09 5.72 6.08 5.67 5.13

560 7.40 7.03 6.61 7.12 6.64 6.26 6.60 6.20 5.80

Clear Span (m)

Joist Depth(mm)

TJI®

Series

Max Deflection = 0.003L or 12 mm TJ-Pro™ Rating = 4 5

Spacing of Joists (m) Spacing of Joists (m)

400 480 600 400 480 600

241

105 3.95 3.70 3.41 3.17 2.94 2.37

110 4.10 3.89 3.58 3.31 3.07 2.46

360 4.69 4.46 4.19 3.87 3.58 2.82

560 5.20 4.94 4.64 4.43 4.12 3.21

302

105 4.53 4.31 3.57 3.82 3.57 2.83

110 4.69 4.46 3.71 3.98 3.71 2.93

360 5.34 5.08 4.72 4.63 4.33 3.41

560 5.92 5.63 5.29 5.29 4.96 4.10

356360 5.87 5.58 4.72 5.27 4.94 4.10

560 6.50 6.18 5.76 5.93 5.64 4.79

406 360 6.32 5.92 4.72 5.80 5.48 4.65560 7.00 6.65 5.76 6.36 6.09 5.37




– Uniform dead load of 0.27 kN/m2 for non-load bearingpartitions weighing 0.8 kN/m or less.


– The lesser span obtained for single- or continuous-spanapplications.

– Allowable increases for load-sharing members (4 or morejoists at 610 mm centres or less).


– ≤ 0.003 x design span (L + 45 mm) ≤ 14 mm,recommended criteria of BS5268:Part 2

– ≤ 12 mm, recommended criteria of NHBC Standards forUnbraced Joists: Section 6.4

Clear Span (m)

Intermediate (upper) Floor

Separating Floor

CLEAR SPAN TABLES


Floor Deck: 22 mm T&G chipboard nailed or screwed to joists

Ceiling: 15 mm plasterboard screwed directly to joists

Service Class: SC1 (dry, frequently heated)


Floor Deck: 18 mm T&G chipboard sub-deck nailed or screwed directly to joists

Ceiling: Plasterboard suspended on resilient channelsService Class: SC1 (dry, frequently heated)



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Cost-Effective Beam Solution

TimberStrand® LSL Design PropertiesSize Section Properties Maximum Section Capacity

Weight(kg/m)Width

(mm)Depth(mm)

Area(mm2 x 102)

SectionModulus

(mm3 x 103)

Moment ofInertia

(mm4 x 106)

MaximumMoment(kN.m)

MaximumShear(kN)

45

200 88.90 296.3 29.63 4.12 16.59 6.1

220 97.79 358.6 39.44 4.92 18.25 6.7

241 107.26 431.4 52.04 5.83 20.02 7.4302 134.07 674.0 101.65 8.82 25.03 9.2

356 158.06 936.8 166.56 11.97 29.51 10.9

89

200 177.80 592.7 59.27 8.24 33.19 12.2

220 195.58 717.1 78.88 9.83 36.51 13.5

241 214.52 862.7 104.09 11.67 40.04 14.8

302 268.14 1,348.0 203.29 17.64 50.05 18.4

356 316.13 1,873.6 333.12 23.94 59.01 21.7

406 361.29 2,447.1 497.26 30.66 67.44 24.9

457 406.45 3,097.2 708.01 38.14 75.87 28.0

TIMBERSTRAND® LSL

&

General Notes* Design properties are based on long-term

resistance K 3 = 1.0 and non-load sharingconditions.

* Lateral support of beam compression edge isrequired at intervals of 600 mm centres or closer.

* Design properties are based on BBA AgrémentCertificate 97/3369. See BBA certificate foradditional information.

* Section properties are based on the actualmember size. Width and depth shown on the tableare converted from imperial sizes and may vary

by ± 0.5 mm.

* Values shown throughout this brochure areapplicable to TimberStrand® LSL in dry-serviceconditions only (SC1 and SC2).

1.5E TimberStrand® LSL Allowable Design Stresses (N/mm2)

Bending parallel to grain 13.1

Tension parallel to grain 11.3

Compression parallel to grain 11.7

Compression perpendicular to grain:

Load parallel to wide face of strands 4.8

Load perpendicular to wide face of strands 2.4

Shear parallel to grain:

Load parallel to wide face of strands 2.8Load perpendicular to wide face of strands 1.0

Modulus of elasticity parallel to grain 10 300

Modulus of rigidity modulus of elasticity parallel to grain ÷ 20

(1)

(1) For 300 mm depth. For other depths, multiply by:

:A:

300d( )0.147




Span(m)

89x200 mm 89x220 mm 89x241 mm 89x302 mm 89x356 mm 89x406 mm 89x457 mm

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

1.5 29.18 30.95 34.83 39.12 41.35 48.75 62.54 78.22 78.47 98.14 89.68 112.16 100.89 126.18

2.0 14.63 14.63 18.86 18.86 23.19 23.99 35.10 41.79 47.67 59.64 61.08 76.41 75.60 94.56

2.5 7.90 7.90 10.30 10.30 13.27 13.27 22.40 23.95 30.43 36.23 39.00 48.81 48.54 60.75

3.0 4.68 4.68 6.15 6.15 7.99 7.99 14.78 14.78 21.07 22.85 27.01 32.07 33.63 42.10

3.5 2.97 2.97 3.93 3.93 5.13 5.13 9.67 9.67 15.18 15.18 19.78 21.62 24.63 29.244.0 1.98 1.98 2.63 2.63 3.46 3.46 6.62 6.62 10.51 10.51 15.09 15.14 18.80 20.71

4.5 1.37 1.37 1.83 1.83 2.42 2.42 4.69 4.69 7.53 7.53 10.95 10.95 14.79 15.11

5.0 0.97 0.97 1.31 1.31 1.75 1.75 3.43 3.43 5.55 5.55 8.13 8.13 11.31 11.31

5.5 0.70 0.70 0.96 0.96 1.29 1.29 2.56 2.56 4.19 4.19 6.18 6.18 8.64 8.64

6.0 0.52 0.52 0.71 0.71 0.96 0.96 1.95 1.95 3.22 3.22 4.78 4.78 6.72 6.72

6.5 0.38 0.38 0.53 0.53 0.73 0.73 1.51 1.51 2.51 2.51 3.75 3.75 5.31 5.31

7.0 0.40 0.40 0.56 0.56 1.18 1.18 1.98 1.98 2.99 2.99 4.25 4.25

7.5 0.30 0.30 0.43 0.43 0.93 0.93 1.58 1.58 2.40 2.40 3.44 3.44

8.0 0.33 0.33 0.74 0.74 1.27 1.27 1.95 1.95 2.81 2.81

8.5 0.59 0.59 1.03 1.03 1.60 1.60 2.32 2.32

9.0 0.47 0.47 0.84 0.84 1.31 1.31 1.92 1.92

9.5 0.37 0.37 0.69 0.69 1.09 1.09 1.60 1.60

10.0 0.56 0.56 0.90 0.90 1.34 1.34

AllowableAxial Loads (kN)

EffectiveColumnLength

(m)

TimberStrand® LSLColumn Size

(mm)

89x89

100% 125%

1.25 56 68

1.50 50 601.75 44 52

2.00 39 45

2.25 34 39

2.50 30 34

2.75 27 29

3.00 24 26

3.25 21 23

3.50 19 20

3.75 17 18

4.00 15 16

4.25 14 15

4.50 13 13

General Notes* Table applies to solid, one-piece column members used in dry-service conditions

(SC1 and SC2).

* Loads are based on simple axial-loaded columns using the design provisions ofBS5268: Part 2, 2002 edition. The modification factor for compression membersK 12 is calculated using the equation in Annex B. The eccentricity factor (d) istaken as 0.01 of the slenderness ratio (h). For side loads or other combinedbending and axial loads, see provisions of BS 5268: Part 2, 2002 edition.

* Table assumes that the column is unbraced, except at the column ends, and theeffective column length is equal to the actual column length.

TIMBERSTRAND® LSL

TIMBERSTRAND® LSL COLUMNS AND POSTS

* Values shown are the maximum uniform loads, in kilonewtons per metre(kN/m), that can be applied to the beam in addition to its own weight.

* TimberStrand® LSL beams are made without camber; therefore,in addition to the code-required deflection limits, other-deflectionconsiderations, such as aesthetics, must be evaluated.

* Lateral support of beam compression edge is required at intervalsof 600 mm centres or closer.

* Lateral support of beams is required at bearing points.

* Bearing area to be calculated for specific application; see Bearing Length

Requirements on page 28.

* Roof members shall either be pitched for drainage or designed to account forload and deflection as specified in the applicable building code.

* Floor Total Load is based on long term load duration with K 3 = 1.0.

* Roof Total Load is based on medium term load duration with K 3 = 1.25.

General Notes

Deflection: 6 )0.003L



General Notes* Design properties are based on long-term resistance (K 3 = 1.0) and non-load-sharing conditions.

* Lateral support of beam compression edge is required at intervals of 600 mm centres or closer.

* Design properties are based on BBA Agrément Certificate 92/2813. See BBA certificate for additional

information.

* Section properties are based on the actual member size. Width and depth shown on the table areconverted from imperial sizes and may vary by ± 0.5 mm.

* Values shown throughout this brochure are applicable to Parallam® PSL in dry-serviceconditions only (SC1 and SC2).

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Parallam® PSL Design Properties

Size Section Properties Maximum Section Capacity

Weight(kg/m)Width

(mm)Depth(mm)

Area(mm2 x 102)

SectionModulus

(mm3 x 103)

Moment ofInertia

(mm4 x 106)

MaximumMoment(kN.m)

MaximumShear(kN)

45

220 97.79 358.6 39.44 6.23 14.34 7.0

241 107.26 431.4 52.04 7.42 15.73 7.7

302 134.07 674.0 101.65 11.32 19.66 9.7

356 158.06 936.8 166.56 15.44 23.18 11.4

68

200 136.65 455.5 45.55 8.00 20.04 9.8

241 164.87 663.1 80.00 11.41 24.18 11.9302 206.09 1036.0 156.25 17.39 30.23 14.8

356 242.97 1440.0 256.03 23.74 35.64 17.5

406 277.68 1880.8 382.18 30.55 40.73 20.0

457 312.39 2380.4 544.16 38.16 45.82 22.5

89

200 177.80 592.7 59.27 10.42 26.08 12.8

220 195.58 717.1 78.88 12.47 28.69 14.1

241 214.52 862.7 104.09 14.85 31.46 15.4

302 268.14 1348.0 203.29 22.63 39.33 19.3

356 316.13 1873.6 333.12 30.89 46.37 22.8

406 361.29 2447.1 497.26 39.75 52.99 26.0

457 406.45 3097.2 708.01 49.65 59.61 29.3

133

200 266.70 889.0 88.90 15.62 39.12 19.2

241 321.77 1294.1 156.13 22.27 47.19 23.2

302 402.22 2022.0 304.94 33.95 58.99 29.0

356 474.19 2810.4 499.69 46.33 69.55 34.1406 541.93 3670.7 745.89 59.62 79.48 39.0

457 609.68 4645.7 1062.01 74.48 89.42 43.9

178

200 355.60 1185.3 118.53 20.83 52.15 25.6

241 429.03 1725.4 208.17 29.70 62.92 30.9

302 536.29 2696.0 406.59 45.27 78.66 38.6

356 632.26 3747.2 666.25 61.78 92.73 45.5

406 722.58 4894.3 994.52 79.50 105.98 52.0

457 812.90 6194.3 1416.02 99.31 119.23 58.5

PARALLAM® PSL

High Strength for Long Spans>A:



Parallam® PSL 2.0E Allowable Design Stresses (N/mm2)


General Notes* Table applies to solid, one-piece column members

used in dry-service conditions only (SC1 and SC2).

* Loads are based on simple axial loaded columnsusing the design provisions of BS5268: Part 2, 2002edition. The modification factor for compressionmembers, K 12, is calculated using the equationin Annex B. The eccentricity factor (d) is taken as0.01 of the slenderness ratio (h). For side loads,or other combined bending and axial loads seeprovisions of BS 5268: Part 2, 2002 edition.

* Table assumes that the column is unbraced exceptat the column ends and that the effective columnlength is equal to the actual column length.

Allowable Axial Loads (kN)

Span(m)

89x200 mm 89x220 mm 89x241 mm 89x302 mm 89x356 mm 89x406 mm 89x457 mm

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

FloorTotal Load

RoofTotal Load

1.5 34.65 38.33 38.11 47.67 41.80 52.28 52.25 65.36 61.60 77.06 70.40 88.06 79.19 99.06

2.0 18.13 18.13 23.37 23.37 29.55 29.72 39.14 48.97 46.15 57.74 52.73 65.98 59.32 74.23

2.5 9.80 9.80 12.77 12.77 16.45 16.45 28.78 29.68 36.87 44.88 42.14 52.73 47.40 59.32

3.0 5.82 5.82 7.64 7.64 9.92 9.92 18.33 18.33 27.23 28.32 35.07 39.75 39.45 49.39

3.5 3.70 3.70 4.89 4.89 6.38 6.38 12.00 12.00 18.82 18.82 25.70 26.81 32.14 36.25

4.0 2.47 2.47 3.28 3.28 4.31 4.31 8.22 8.22 13.05 13.05 18.79 18.79 24.54 25.69

4.5 1.72 1.72 2.29 2.29 3.03 3.03 5.84 5.84 9.37 9.37 13.60 13.60 18.76 18.76

5.0 1.23 1.23 1.65 1.65 2.19 2.19 4.28 4.28 6.91 6.91 10.12 10.12 14.05 14.05

5.5 0.90 0.90 1.21 1.21 1.62 1.62 3.20 3.20 5.22 5.22 7.69 7.69 10.75 10.75

6.0 0.66 0.66 0.91 0.91 1.22 1.22 2.45 2.45 4.02 4.02 5.96 5.96 8.38 8.38

6.5 0.50 0.50 0.69 0.69 0.93 0.93 1.90 1.90 3.15 3.15 4.69 4.69 6.63 6.63

7.0 0.37 0.37 0.52 0.52 0.72 0.72 1.49 1.49 2.49 2.49 3.74 3.74 5.32 5.32

7.5 0.40 0.40 0.56 0.56 1.18 1.18 2.00 2.00 3.02 3.02 4.31 4.31

8.0 0.31 0.31 0.44 0.44 0.95 0.95 1.62 1.62 2.46 2.46 3.54 3.54

8.5 0.34 0.34 0.76 0.76 1.32 1.32 2.02 2.02 2.92 2.92

9.0 0.61 0.61 1.08 1.08 1.67 1.67 2.43 2.43

9.5 0.49 0.49 0.89 0.89 1.39 1.39 2.04 2.04

10.0 0.40 0.40 0.73 0.73 1.16 1.16 1.71 1.71

EffectiveColumnLength

(m)

Parallam® PSLColumn Size (mm)

89x89 89x133 89x178 133x133 133x178 178x178

100% 125% 100% 125% 100% 125% 100% 125% 100% 125% 100% 125%1.25 72 871.50 64 76 96 1141.75 56 66 84 99 112 1322.00 49 57 74 85 99 114 156 1882.25 43 49 65 74 86 98 144 1712.50 38 43 57 64 76 85 132 155 176 2072.75 34 37 50 56 67 74 121 141 161 1883.00 30 33 45 49 59 65 111 128 148 1703.25 26 29 40 43 53 58 102 116 135 1553.50 24 26 35 38 47 51 93 105 124 1403.75 21 23 32 34 42 46 86 96 114 1284.00 19 20 29 31 38 41 79 87 105 1174.25 17 18 26 28 35 37 72 80 97 107 185 2114.50 16 17 24 25 32 34 67 73 89 98 173 1964.75 62 67 82 90 162 1835.00 57 62 76 83 152 1705.25 53 58 71 77 143 1595.50 49 53 66 71 134 1495.75 46 50 61 66 126 1396.00 43 46 57 61 119 130

General Notes* Values shown are the maximum uniform loads, in kilonewtons per metre

(kN/m), that can be applied to the beam in addition to its own weight.

* Parallam® PSL beams are made without camber; therefore, in additionto the code-required deflection limits, other deflection considerationssuch as aesthetics, must be evaluated.

* Lateral support of beam compression edge is required at intervals of600 mm centres or closer.

* Lateral support of beams is required at bearing points.

* Bearing area to be calculated for specific application; see Bearing Length

Requirements on page 28.

* Roof members shall either be pitched for drainage or designed to account for loadand deflection as specified in the applicable building code.

* Floor Load Total is based on long term load duration with K 3 = 1.0.

* Roof Load Total is based on medium term load duration with K 3 = 1.25.

PARALLAM® PSL

Shear parallel to grain:



Modulus of elasticity parallel to grain 12 750

Modulus of rigidity modulus of elasticity parallel to grain ÷ 20

PARALLAM® PSL COLUMNS AND POSTS

Bending parallel to grain 16.8

Tension parallel to grain 14.8

Compression parallel to grain 15.1

Compression perpendicular to grain:



(1)

(1) For 300 mm depth. For other depths, multiply by: 300d( )0.111



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Choice Through Technology

FLOOR PERFORMANCE



Floor Performance and the TJ-Pro™ Rating System

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Good Better Excellent

Perceived Floor Performance

TJ-Pro™ Rating Points

Customer Satisfaction

28%

63%

84%96% 99.9%

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Bridging or mid-span blocking is not required but may enhance floor performance if properly installed

TimberStrand® LSL or Parallam® PSL Attachment at Bearing

See page 27 for rim joist and rim board nailing

requirements

One 3.75x75 mm nail each side ofmember at bearing, 40 mm minimumfrom end to minimise splitting (typical)

32 or 45 mmTimberStrand® LSL rim board

Drive nails at an angle tominimise splitting of bearing plate

One 3.35x65 mm nail each side ofTJI® joist at bearing, 40 mm mini-mum from end to minimise splitting(typical). Use 3.75x75 mm nails forTJI® 560 joists

32 mm or 45 mmTimberStrand® LSL rim board

Drive nails at an angle tominimise splitting of bearing plate

38 mm knockouts at approximately300 mm centres occur on all joists

Braced end wall – See WARNING above

See hole charts on page 33for allowable web holes andrequired distances from support

Joists must be laterally supported atcantilever and end bearings by blockingpanels, hangers or direct attachment to

a rim board or rim joist

INSTALLATION DETAILS

"

TJI® Joist Attachment at Bearing

WARNING Unbraced joists are unstable.

See complete warning and SAFETY BRACING information on page 35.

Flue block

Hexagons refer to joist framing details on pages 25–27

B87

Joist cantilever not recommended for outdoor balcony construction

6 0 0 m

m

m a x i m

u m

For overall stability, greater bearing lengths may be required; contact your iLevel™ representative.



Decking

Non-load bearing stud partition. Maximumself-weight partition load = 0.80 kN/m (asBS8103: Part 3). Fix partition to all supportnoggings.

TJI® joist

Partition support noggings at 600 mm c/c max.For 38x90 noggings, use two metal clips per nogging.Fill all holes with 3.75x32 mm nails.

TimberStrand® LSL orParallam® PSL support beam

Facemount

hanger Web stiffeners are required if the sides ofthe hanger do not laterally support the TJI®

joist top flange. See detail W on page 34.

Top flangehanger

When using multiple-member beams, see page 29 for connection

/$

Non-Load Bearing Parallel Partition

Masonry wall

TJI® joist 89 mm minimum bearingrequired for TJI® joists

Bearing stresses on masonry walls should be checked in accordance with BS5628

Continuous Joist on Masonry Wall

0#

Web stiffener required each side at B1W

Load bearing or shearwall above (must stackover wall below)

TJI® blocking panel

Required bearing length equals bearing plate width. For TJI ® joist attachment at bearing, see detail on page 24.

Intermediate Bearing – Load Bearing Wall Above

0

0

E

X = maximum distance between TJI®

blocking panels for wall width of 89 mmfor TJI® 110, X = 35 mmfor TJI® 360, X = 22 mm

for TJI® 560, butt flanges togetherFor other widths contact your iLevel™ representative

For TJI® double blocking,use only TJI® 110, 360and 560 blocking panels

XWidth

Maximum, 25 kN/m totalvertical load transfer


Load bearing or shear wall above (must stack over wall below)Double TJI

®

Blocking

0$

0$

E

Solid block post to transfer loads from above to bearing plate below

38x89 mm minimumcompression blocks

2 mm

TimberStrand® LSL or Parallam® PSLor solid timber column. See page 28

and 29 for column connections.

Compression Blocks

1A

Blocking panels may be required with shear walls above or below. See detail B1. Required bearing length equals bearing plate width. For TJI ® joist attachment at bearing, see detail on page 24.

Load bearing or shear wall above(must stack over wall below)

38x89 mm minimumcompression blocks

2 mm


Intermediate Bearing – Load Bearing Wall Above

0

0

E

TJI® Joist to Beam

6

Web stiffener required eachside at B3W

Blocking panels may be required with shear walls above or below. See detail B1. Required bearing length equals bearing plate width. For TJI ® joist attachment at bearing, see detail on page 24.

Intermediate Bearing – No Load Bearing Wall Above

0!

0!

E




6

Filler block (tight to top flange):Attach with ten 3.75x75 mm nails(5 from each side), clinched. Use ten4.00x90 mm nails with TJI® 560 joists.

With top mount hangers, backer blocks are only required for downward loads exceeding 1.10 kN or for uplift conditions. Approved hangers that do not require backer blocks are available. Contact your iLevel™ representative.

Top mount hanger: Attach backerblock tight to top flange withten 3.75x75 mmnails, clinchedwhen possible

Face mount hanger: Attach backerblock tight to bottom flange withten 3.75x75 mm nails, clinched whenpossible

TJI® Joist to Joist

Bearing plate must be samewidth as wall or beam

Attach wallplate to supporting steel beam according to Building Designer’s specification 6!

TJI® Joist to Block or Steel Beam (Top Hung)

General Notes

Minimum Bearing Length for TJI® Member Design* 45 mm at joist ends.* 89 mm when joists are continuous over an intermediate support.

Minimum Bearing Length for Overall Stability* With reference to the Building Regulations Approved Document A and the NHBC

Standards, where a floor construction provides restraint to masonry wall construction orotherwise contributes to overall building stability, a minimum bearing length of 90 mmis required where floor members bear directly into masonry walls and 75 mm where theybear on a timber wall plate.Exception: This requirement does not apply where full structural calculationsare provided in support of detailed timber frame designs for which the minimumbearing length should be taken as 45 mm.

Blocking Panels, Rim Boards, or Rim Joist

Vertical load transfer at bearings must be checked for each application. Capacitiesof rim details shown are as follows: Vertical load transfer

TJI® blocking panel or TJI® rim joist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 kN/m32 mm TimberStrand® LSL rim board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 kN/m45 mm TimberStrand® LSL rim board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 kN/m

* Bracing complying with the code shall be carried to the foundation.

Joist Use with Masonry Walls* Use joists in dry conditions only.* Traditional masonry cavity walls should have a minimum cavity width of 50 mm.* Joists require a 40 mm clear distance from a flue block.

Web Stiffener Requirements* Required if the sides of the hanger do not laterally support the TJI® joist top flange

or per detail W notes on page 34.

Nailing Requirements* TJI® joists at bearings:

TJI® 105, 110 and 360 joists: Two 3.35x65 mm nails (1 each side),40 mm minimum from end.TJI® 560 joists: Two 3.75x75 mm nails (1 each side), 40 mm minimumfrom end.

* Blocking panels, rim joist or rim board to bearing plate:

TJI® blocking panels or rim joist: 3.35x65 mm nails at 150 mm centres.TimberStrand® LSL rim board: Skew-nail with 3.75x75 mm nails at150 mm centres or 4.00x90 mm nails at 300 mm centres.Shear transfer: Connections equivalent to decking nail schedule.

* Rim board, rim joist or closure to TJI® joist:

45 mm width or less: Two 3.35x65 mm nails, one each at top and bottom flange.TJI® 360 rim joist: Two 4.00x90 mm nails, one each at top and bottom flange.

TJI® 560 rim joist: Skew-nail joist to rim joist with one 3.75x75 mmnail each side of joist top flange.

* 38x89 mm minimum compression blocks: Two 3.35x65 mm nails, one each at topand bottom flange. See details B2, B2W and CS on page 26.

Required bearing length equals bearing plate width

3

3

E

Cantilevers Supporting Bearing WallsTo determine cantilever capacity, use our TJ-Beam®

or TJ-Xpert® software.

Web stiffener requiredeach side at E1W

6 0 0 m m

m a x i m

u m

32 or 45 mm

TimberStrand® LSLclosure, typical


Backer block(both sides) ofweb with singleTJI® joists

TJI ® joists are permitted to be cantilevered up to 1 ⁄ 3 the adjacent span if not supporting concentrated loads on the cantilever. Cantilevers exceeding 1.20 m and other cantilever conditions may require special consideration.Refer to our TJ-Beam ® or TJ-Xpert ® software or contact your iLevel™ representative for assistance.

4

Cantilevers Not Supporting Bearing Walls

1

⁄ 3

adjacent span (maximum)Example: 1.20 m (uniform loads only)

A d j a c e

n t s p a n

E x a m p

l e : 3. 6

0 m

32 or 45 mmTimberStrand® LSL closure

TJI ® joists are intended for dry-use applications

3

3!

Cantilevers Supporting Bearing WallsTo determine cantilever capacity, use our TJ-Beam®

or TJ-Xpert® software.

6 0 0 m m

m a x i m

u m

Face grain horizontal

1.20 m length of 19 mm reinforcementon one side at E2, both sides at E3Maximum diameter hole that may be

cut into each blocking panel is:* 200 mm for 302–406 mm joists* 153 mm for 241 mm joists or

blocking panels less than300 mm long

* 144 mm for 220 mm joistsDo not cut flanges.

Attach reinforce-ment to joist topand bottom flangeswith 3.35x65 mmnails at 150 mmcentres. When rein-forcing both sides,stagger nails toavoid splitting.

Maximum diameter hole that may becut into each blocking panel is:* 200 mm for 302–406 mm joists* 153 mm for 241 mm joists or

blocking panels less than300 mm long

* 144 mm for 220 mm joistsDo not cut flanges.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/i-level-technical-guide 28/36W:SdSZB`ca8]Wab3\UW\SS`SR8]WabaO\R0SO[BSQV\WQOZ5cWRSC9;Og$&

General Notes* Bearing length should never be less than 45 mm at ends, 89 mm at intermediate

supports.

* Bearing across the full width of the beam or lintel is required.

* Bearing lengths are based on 2.2 N/mm2 compression perpendicular stress for timberbearing plate and are for long term duration with K 3 = 1.0.

Bearing length may need to be increased i f support member’s allowable bearing stress isless than 2.2 N/mm2.

* Lateral support of beam or lintel compression edge is required at intervals of 600 mmcentres or closer as well as at all bearing points.

* The modification factor K 4 is not used in tabulating the bearing length requirements.

Bearing Length Requirements

Cripple studs. See below for minimum bearing length.

TimberStrand® LSL (or TJI® joist)rim board or blocking for lateralsupport

TimberStrand® LSL or Parallam® PSLcolumn. Verify column capacity.See pages 19 and 21.

Bearing at Wall

:

Strap per code if head-binder

is not continuous over lintel

Bearing for Door or Window Lintel

:

Reaction (kN)Beam Width (mm)

45 68 89 133 178

5 51 45 45 45 45

10 102 67 51 45 45

15 153 100 77 51 45

20 205 133 102 68 51

25 166 128 85 64

30 200 153 102 77

35 233 179 119 89

40 205 136 102

45 230 153 115

50 170 12855 187 141

60 205 153

65 222 166

70 239 179

75 192

80 205

85 217

90 230

If more than one row of nails is used, the rows must be offsetat least 13 mm and staggered.

Nails Installed on Narrow Face

Nail SizeMinimum Spacing Along Row

TimberStrand® L SL Parallam® PSL

3.35x65 mm 100 mm 75 mm

3.75x75 mm 100 mm 100 mm4.00x90 mm 150 mm 150 mm


Bearing length is extremely critical and must be considered for each application

Top flange hanger

Face mount hanger

Beam to Beam Connection

:!

:A: >A:

:"

Bearing at Block Wall

Bearing stress on masonry walls should be in accordance with BS 5628: Part 1. Higher strength pad stones may be required.

Bearings at external andparty walls must be sealedto minimise air leaks.



General Notes* Verify adequacy of beam in uniform load tables.

*

Values listed are for long term duration (K 48 = 1.0 for nails).* Beams wider than 178 mm require special consideration by the

design professional.

* Simpson Strong-Drive® screw (SDS) or FastenMaster®

TrussLok™ screws may be used. Consult manufacturer'sliterature for safe working loads and installation procedures.

Multiple-Member Connection Example Problem

Solution:

First, check allowable load tables to verify that 3 pieces can carry the total load of 10.03 kN/m. Maximum load appliedto either outside member is 6.07 kN/m. For a 3-piece 45 mm multiple assembly, 2 rows 4.50x100 mm nails at 300 mmcentres is good for only 5.18 kN/m. Therefore, use 3 rows 4.50x100 mm nails at 300 mm centres (good for 7.73 kN/m).

Alternative: 2 rows M12 bolts at 300 mm centres.

3.96 kN/m

6.07 kN/m

Multiple pieces of TimberStrand ® LSL or Parallam ® PSL can be nailed or bolted together to form a header or beam of the required size, up to a maximum of 178 mm. For side-loaded multiple-member beams, see below.

45 mm Width Pieces:* Minimum of 2 rows 4.00x90 mm nails at 300 mm centres

* Minimum of 3 rows 4.00x90 mm nails at 300 mmcentres for 356–457 mm beams

89 mm Width Pieces:*

Minimum of 2 rows M12 bolts at600 mm centres, staggered

Connection of Multiple Pieces of Top-Loaded Beams

:$

MULTIPLE-MEMBER CONNECTIONS FOR SIDE-LOADED BEAMS

MultipleAssembly

Assembly A Assembly B(1) Assembly C Assembly D(1)(2) Assembly E Assembly F(2)

2 rows of4.50x100 mm nails

at 300 mm centres

6.86 5.18 6.86 4.52

Not Applicable Not Applicable3 rows of

4.50x100 mm nailsat 300 mm centres

10.29 7.73 10.29 6.79

2 rows bolts(3)(4)

at 600 mm centres7.37 5.55 7.37 6.71 11.38 12.55

2 rows bolts(3)(4)

at 300 mm centres14.74 11.09 14.74 13.43 22.77 25.10

(1) For a three-piece member, the nailing specified is from each side.

(2) 178 mm wide beams should only be side-loaded when loads are applied to bothsides of the members (to minimise rotation).

(3) Bolts are to be material conforming to BS4190 (machine bolts). Bolt holes are tobe the same diameter as the bolt, and located 50 mm (M12 bolts) or 65 mm (M16bolts) from the top and bottom of the member. Washers (BS4320) should be usedunder both the head and the nut.

(4) M12 bolts with Assemblies A-D; M16 bolts with Assemblies E and F.

Maximum Uniform Load Applied to Either Outside Member (kN/m)

50 mm

50 mm

45 mm

65 mm

65 mm

68 mm

45 mm 68 or89 mm

45 mm 45 mm 68 or89 mm

65 mm

65 mm

89 mm


Steel column withcolumn cap

TimberStrand® LSL orParallam® PSL columnwith column cap

Verify column capacity (pages 19 and 21) and bearing length (below)

Bearing at Timber or Steel Column

:#

:A: >A:



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CONNECTOR DETAILS

!



TimberStrand® LSL orParallam® PSL support beam

Face

mounthangerWeb stiffeners are required if the sides ofthe hanger do not laterally support the TJI®

joist top flange. See detail W on page 34.

Top flangehanger

Perimeter nogging

Top flange masonry hanger

Web stiffeners may be required.See General Notes below anddetail W on page 34.

Top Mount Hangers Face Mount Hangers Masonry Hangers

* Where masonry walls are supporting both ends of a joist, pay attention toany potential deviance of the floor length from that specified. Verify that thesupports will safely accommodate deviations in floor length. If the support

method cannot accommodate the expected deviations, then cut the joists to fit.

* Some masonry hangers permit limited construction loading to be safely applied

to the floor without the need for the build-up and cure of the supporting wallsabove the hangers. Using these hangers may speed up construction and reducethe costs of access and safety equipment. However, it is very important tofollow the manufacturer’s installation instructions to ensure correct and safeuse of these hangers.

General Notes* Use only iLevel™-approved hangers and connectors. Many types of approved

hangers are available in addition to the ones shown above. Contact themanufacturer for details.

* Approved hanger manufacturers includeSimpson Strong-Tie™ [+44] (0) 182 725 5600and Cullen Building Products [+44] (0) 159 277 1132

* Consult hanger manufacturer’s installation instructionsto ensure correct and safe installation.

* Fill all round holes unless noted otherwise on the drawing.

* Hanger height must be at least 60% of the joist depth.

* Bend over and nail connector tabs (if provided) to TJI® joist flanges.

* Do not toenail TJI® joist flanges to the supporting members.

* Safe hanger loads and lists of approved hangers are published in each hangermanufacturer’s literature specific to iLevel™ products.

* TJI® joist headers must have a depth and series equal to, or greater than, thesupported joist.

* Other iLevel™-approved connectors are available. Contact the hangermanufacturer for details.

Construction tolerance

Specified Clearance

Actual Clearance

CONNECTOR DETAILS

These Conditions Are NOT Permitted

B87

WARNING! Conventional masonry hangers will not develop their full design capacity until a minimum of 675mm of masonry has been installed and allowed to cure above the hanger. DO NOT walk onto or place materials on a floor that is not adequately supported by masonry hangers or independently supported by a propping system designed for the purpose.

DO NOT use hangers shorter than 60% of the joist depth. Use web stiffeners when the sides of the hanger do not laterally support the TJI ® joist top

flange (see detail W, page 34).

DO NOT over-spread hanger.

DO NOT cut or notch TJI ® joist bottom flange.



2 x diameter of the largesthole (minimum)

Allowed hole zone

Allowed hole zone

d d

1 ⁄ 3 depth1 ⁄ 3 depth1 ⁄ 3 depth

* Allowed hole zone is suitable for uniformly loaded beams only.

* No rectangular holes.

*

Holes in cantilevers require additional analysis.

General Notes

See illustration for Allowed hole zone.

Round Hole Chart

Beam Depth(mm)

Maximum RoundHole Size (mm)

200–457 50

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W\abOZZObW]\W\a^SQbW]\O\R[OW\bS\O\QS

SERVICES AND INSTALLATION

!

Allowable Holes

2 x diameter of the largest hole (minimum)

1 ⁄ 3 span

1 ⁄ 3 span

1 ⁄ 3 depth1 ⁄ 3 depth1 ⁄ 3 depth

Allowed hole zone

1 ⁄ 3 span Allowed hole zone

General Notes* Allowed hole zone is suitable for uniformly loaded beams only.

* No rectangular holes.

* Holes in cantilevers require additional analysis. See illustration for Allowed hole zone.

Round Hole ChartBeam Depth

(mm)Maximum RoundHole Size (mm)

200–457 50

:A:

>A:

d


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A 38 mm hole can be cut anywhere in web outside hatched area

D1

2x diameter

of largesthole (minimum)

2x longest

side of

largest hole (minimum)

150 mm 150 mm

No field cut holesin hatched zone

D2

Minimum distance from Table A

Do not cut

holes larger than 38 mm in cantilever

Minimum distance from Table B

L2

L1

2 x D2 applies to all round holesincluding 38 mm holes

150 mm

150 mm

150 mm

B87

General Notes* If more than one hole is to be cut in the web, the distance between the edges of the holes must be at least

2x the longest side or diameter of the largest hole.

* Holes may be located vertically anywhere in the web, but leave 3 mm web at top and bottom of hole.Do not cut into joist flanges when cutting the web.

* TJI® joists are manufactured with 38 mm perforated knockouts in the web at approximately 300 mmcentres along the length of the joist. They do not affect hole placement.

* Distances in the charts above are based on uniformly loaded joists using maximum loads shown for anyof the tables listed in this guide. For other load conditions or hole configurations, contact your iLevelTM

representative.

DO

DO NOT cut or notch flange

Table A – Round HolesMinimum distance from inside face of any support to the nearest edge of hole (m)

Depth(mm)

TJI®

SeriesRound Hole Size (mm)

50 75 100 125 160 170 200 215 250 270 300 320

220

105 0.30 0.52 0.89 1.25

110 0.30 0.52 0.88 1.33

360 0.43 0.80 1.18 1.61

560 0.49 0.91 1.37 1.87

241

105 0.30 0.30 0.64 1.04 1.61

110 0.30 0.30 0.64 1.04 1.61

360 0.30 0.65 1.04 1.42 1.96

560 0.44 0.84 1.25 1.66 2.23

302

105 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.58 0.75 1.27 1.56

110 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.65 0.84 1.41 1.70

360 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.52 1.12 1.30 1.84 2.10

560 0.30 0.30 0.42 0.81 1.37 1.52 2.07 2.35

356360 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.39 0.92 1.19 1.82 2.18

560 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.43 0.62 1.17 1.44 2.09 2.46

406360 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.91 1.28 1.86 2.28

560 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.35 1.04 1.43 2.03 2.47


Table B – Square or Rectangular Holes

Minimum distance from inside face of any support to the nearest edge of hole (m)

Depth(mm)

TJI®

SeriesSquare or Rectangular Hole Size (mm)

50 75 100 125 160 170 200 215 250 270 300 320

220

105 0.30 0.38 1.05 1.14110 0.30 0.45 1.07 1.18

360 0.30 0.64 1.27 1.39

560 0.30 0.55 1.28 1.38

241

105 0.30 0.30 0.65 1.21 1.38

110 0.30 0.30 0.77 1.30 1.45

360 0.30 0.59 1.02 1.52 1.66

560 0.30 0.57 0.99 1.57 1.71

302

105 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.65 1.45 1.50 1.70 1.80110 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.67 1.55 1.61 1.79 1.87

360 0.30 0.30 0.48 0.96 1.73 1.78 1.94 2.02

560 0.30 0.31 0.74 1.18 1.88 1.92 2.04 2.10

356360 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.40 1.22 1.46 2.04 2.12 2.31 2.42560 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.70 1.37 1.56 2.15 2.23 2.41 2.51

406360 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.63 0.89 1.65 2.03 2.34 2.45 2.62 2.74560 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.90 1.13 1.82 2.16 2.50 2.61 2.76 2.87

Rectangular holes based on the measurement of the longest side.

Always space holes a distance twice the diameter of the largest hole apart, even between 38 mm and smaller holes


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These Conditions Are NOT Permitted

Web stiffeners are required in the following cases :

* When a higher reaction value is needed at an internal support,see Design Properties on page 15.

* If the sides of the hanger do not laterally support the TJI® joisttop flange, see detail H1 on page 26.

TJI® 105, 110, 360 Joists TJI® 560 Joists

25 mm

25 mm

Gap:5 mm minimum60 mm maximum

Three 3.35x65 mm nails, clinched

Plywood or OSB web stiffener each side:TJI® 105 Joists – 12x60 mm

TJI® 110 Joists – 18x60 mm

TJI® 360 Joists – 25x60 mm

Tight fit

38 mm

38 mm

Gap:5 mm minimum60 mm maximum

Three 3.75x90 mm nails

38x89 mm web stiffenereach side

Tight fit

Recommendations for Nailing into TJI® Joist Flanges, TimberStrand® LSL or Parallam® PSL

General Notes* If necessary, increase filler and backer block height for face mount hangers. Maximum height should not exceed joist depth minus 80 mm.

* Filler and backer block length should accommodate required nailing without splitting (300–600 mm).

* For additional information see detail H2, page 27.

Filler and Backer Block Sizes

E

Nail Size(mm)

Minimum Spacing Along Row Maximum Spacing Along Row For Restraint

TJI® 105 TJI® 110TJI® 360TJI® 560

TimberStrand® LSL Parallam® PSL TJI® 105 TJI® 110 TJI® 360 TJI® 560

3.35x65 90 mm 90 mm 50 mm 100 mm 75 mm 380 mm 450 mm 580 mm 890 mm

3.75x75 N.A. 100 mm 75 mm 100 mm 100 mm N.A. 450 mm 580 mm 890 mm

4.00x90 N.A. N.A. 100 mm 150 mm 150 mm N.A. N.A. 580 mm 890 mm

Series TJI® 105 TJI® 110 TJI® 360 TJI® 560

Depth 220mm241 and302 mm

220 mm241 and302 mm

220 mm241 and302 mm

356 and406 mm

220 mm241 and302 mm

356 and406 mm

Block Height 145 mm 160 mm 145 mm 160 mm 145 mm 160 mm 270 mm 145 mm 160 mm 270 mm

Filler BlockThickness

28 mm total 38 mm total 50 mm total 76 mm total

Backer BlockThickness

12 mm plywood or OSB 18 mm plywood or OSB 25 mm total plywood or OSB 38 mm total plywood, OSB or softwood

* At TJI® 560 joist hanger locations where joist reactions exceed 6.56 kN.

* When a concentrated load is transferred from above, the web stiffeners should betight to the top flange (gap at bottom flange).


DO NOT bevelcut joist top flange

beyond insideface of wall.

DO NOT stack buildingmaterials on

unbraced joists.

DO NOT cut, notch, or drill holesin TimberStrand® LSL or Parallam® PSL

except as indicated in theillustrations on page 32.

DO NOT use sawntimber for rim board or

blocking. Sawn timber mayshrink after installation.

General Notes* If more than one row of nails is used, the rows must be offset at

least 13 mm and staggered.

* Table also applies for the attachment of TJI® rim joists andblocking panels to the wall plate.

* Fix the floor deck using a combination of nailing and adhesive to

form a strong, robust and stable bond between the joist and thedeckboard.

* Always refer to decking manufacturer’s fixing

recommendations for flooring applications.

DO NOT cut holes too closeto supports. Refer to hole charts

on page 33 for minimumdistance from bearing wall.

Web Stiffener AttachmentB87

B87 :A: >A:


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General Notes

1. All timber blocks, hangers and struts must be completely installed and properlynailed.

2. Lateral strength must be provided by a diagonally braced and blocked systemcomprised of a minimum of 3 adjacent joists in each bay. In long bays, installadditional systems spaced at 15 m or less.

3. With bracing installed as above and proper TJI® joist support, constructionmaterials may be stored within 1.0 m of a support (each side of interior supports)provided that the load is uniformly distributed between several joists and doesnot exceed 255 kg per joist.

4. When all decking has been permanently attached to each properly supported TJI®

joist, a maximum of 255 kg per joist may be placed on the system at any point.

5. Ends of cantilevers require safety bracing on both the top and bottom flanges.

Remove safety bracing as permanent decking proceeds

2 5 5 k g m a x i m u m

p e r j o i s t 2400 mm

600mm

All bracing to be 19x89 mm, minimum,fixed at every joist location with two

3.35x65 mm nails

2. 4 m m a x i m

u m

1. 5 m m a

x. w i t h

T J I ® 1 0

5 A N D

1 1 0 j o i

s t s

TJI® joists on hangers or built in

See note 3 below

1. 0 m

t e m p o r

a r y

l o a d i n

g

z o n e

All longitudinal safety bracing must be attached to a section of diagonally braced and blocked TJI ® joists

2. 4 m m a

x i m u m

1. 5 m m a

x. w i t h

T J I ® 1 0

5 A N D

1 1 0 j o i

s t s

38x125 mmtimber blocks

or TJI® blockingpanels are

required overat least two bays

Important! Traditional masonry hangers will not support construction loadswithout a minimum of 675 mm of cured masonry construction above

hanger level. Consult the Hanger Manufacturer for information on thecorrect installation and use of masonry hangers. Alternatively,

the floor can be supported by temporary works designed forthe purpose. See Notes 3 and 4 below for maximum

construction loads.

SAFETY BRACING

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WARNING NOTES: This diagram covers safety bracing only. For other required details see job or TJ-Xpert ® drawings and this technical guide. These details also apply to timber frame construction.

B87



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