i

New Jersey Science LeagueBiologr 1I Answer Key

L t+ç

Date: 01B 17c 33D 49C 6sA2B 18A 34C 508 66C3C t9D 35C 51 C 67D4C 208 36D 52A 6885E 2tA 37D 53 Á, 6986D 22D 38E 54A 70c7C 23D 39C 55D 7tA8A 24C 40A 56C 72D9D 25A 478 578 734108 268 42 A. 588 74811 C 278 43C 598 7SC12 fr 284 448 60D 76D13A 29B 45C 61 E 77Dt4c 308 46D 628 78415D 31 E 47^ 638 79B168 32F, 488 64D 80A

BIOCLOGY l1 For all second year and AP level students. NOTE: Consistent with amodern epproach to biology, principles of evolut¡on w¡ll be included in every testas these apply to the top¡cs l¡sted.JANUARY TEST: evolution, general chemistry, water, chemistry ofcarbon molecules, structure andfunction of macromolecules, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell sfucture and function including rnembrane

¡ transport, ATP synthesis, photosynthesis and cell respiration, enzlmatic regulation gfbiochemicatreaitions.FEBRUARY TEST: evolution, eukaÐ/otic and prokaryotic cell cycles, chromosomes, meiosis andgametogenesis, Mendelian and non-Mendelian pattems ofgenetic inheritance, molecular genetics andbiotechnology, bioinformatics, genetic diseases, genetics of viruses and bacteria, population genetics.MARCH TEST: evolution, phylogeny and sytematics, prokaryotes, protists, fungi, coriparative anatomyand physiology ofthe plant kingdom (from green algae to flowering plants - with emphasis on angiospermform and functionAPRIL TEST: evolution, comparative a¡atomy and physiology ofthe animal kingdom with emphasis onhuman anatomy and physiolory (nutrition and digestion, circulation and gas exchange, immunity anddisease, osmoregulation and excretion, hormonal control, reproduction and development, nervous controland sensory mechanisms), ecology (relationships, energy flow, cycling of matter; biomes,.ecosystems,populations), behavior.

Testing DatesThursdây Jânuary 14, 2010., Thursday Feb 11,2010;Thursday March ll, 2010; *Thursday April 8, 2010

x+ The testing date for the April will be decided by each local area durìng the January exam. Thedate ofthe April exam should be a date that all schools in the area can attend. The April exammust be completed by April 30ú. No area may take the April exam during the first week of April.

"o "". ur*Ëä,jjäiTi:,iläHä9#r,

phone # 908-213-8923 fax # 908-213-8924 emeil n¡scil@enter.net Web addressw'lÚ.rv,eIlter.nel-niscil

L+1çBiolow II Jan 2010 Exan

Choose the answer that best completes the statements or questions below and fill in the appropriate response on theform. lf you change an answer be sure to completely eIase your fiÉt choice. Please PRINT your name, school, are4and which test you arc taking onto the scan-hon.

L Altering the number ofthis would change an atom to an atom ofa different element.a) Number ofelectronsb) Number ofprotons

d) Number ofìonse) Mass number

d) Saturated bondse) London Dispersion forces

c) Number ofneutrons

2. Itvhich ofthe following bonds would be considered the sfongest (in an aqueous solution)

3. Solution A has a pH of 4. Solution B has a pH of 6. How does the concentr¿tion ofthe hydrogenions compare?

a) Solution A has two times more Hn atoms.b) Solution B has two times more tf atoms.c) Solution A has 100 times more H* atoms.d) Solution B has 100 times more H* atoms.e) Solution B is stronger than solution A.

4. Below is a molecule composed ofcarbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen atomshave not been drawn in. What is the chemical formula for this molecule?

a) CaH3NO2

b) caH4No2

c) C¡HrNOz

d) caH6No,

Which of the following bonds will be the most polar?N-N d) O-OC-H e) O-HN-O

Surface tension in a body ofwater is most directlv due to

5.a)b)c)

6.a)b)c)

7.

a) lonic bondsb) Covalent bondsc) Hydrogen bonds

lonic bondingHydrophobic interactionsNon Polar bonding

In the image at the right, molecule X has dissolved in an aqueous solution.Molecule X most likely is...

hydrophobicpositively chargednegatively chargedh)?ertonicisotoiric

d) Hydrogen bondinge) London Dispersion forces

ffi"fè

a)b)c)d)e)

I I NJSL Biology lI Jan 2010 Exam

ï,i\""iJï,I

HÔH

Use the images below to ânsner questions I - 11.

:-o\ ,/oo

I

--c)-TI

T-C)-fI

:E-C)--IT-c)--I

--c)--Ir-o--I:E-o--I

--o-TI--c)--I

-c

8. An isomer of fructose

9. Amphipathic component of cell membranes

10. Can form peptide bonds

I l. Fatty acid synthesized in animals

12. The element carbon is the backbone for biological molecules. All ofthe following are reasons why

this is so EXCEPT:a) Carbon is abundant on Earth

b) Carbon can form both single and double bonds within a chain

c) carbon is a small element and thus holds its electrons tightlyd) Carbon can form up to four ionic bonds with other atoms

13. r hich ofthe following is an example ofa hydrocarbon?

H..ÎroN-C-C

í '\ b-t

a) Methaneb) Deox¡ribosec) Adenine

d) Estrogene) Hydrogen Peroxide

I 4. What is the best explanation for the polar natue of a water molecule?

a) Oxygen is bipolar, hydrogen is notb) Hydrogen is isotonicc) Oxygen is much more electronegative than hydrogend) Hydrogen is a non-metal, ìryhereas oxygen is a metal

e) Both hydrogen and oxygen are non-metals

15. Which functional group is uníque to cysteine?

a) -OH b){OOH c)-NH2 d)-SH e) -PO¿2'

16. Offen this functional group will lose a hydrogen atom in an aqueous solution, consequently it is

considered an organic acid. Use the choices in #15.

17. From the choices in #15 which contains an amine group?

18. Use the choices in # 15. A molecule containing this fi.rnctional group is called an alcohol.

2 I NJSL Biology Il Jan 2010 Exam

19. A shortage ofphosphorus in soil would affect a plants ability to synthesize:

a) Monosaccharides d) DNAb) Complex carbohydrates e) Proteinsc) Lipds

20. In an aqueous solution, an amino acid folds to the inside ofthe coiled structure, away ffom water. Thismost likely means that...

a) The amine group ofthe amino acid was hydrophobicb) The R-group ofthe amino acid was hydtophobicc) The amine group ofthe amino acid was hydrophilicd) The R-group ofthe amino acid was hydrophilice) None ofthe above

2 I - When it comes to how a pol¡peptide forms it shape, ìryhich of the following will directìy affect all ofthe others?

a) Primary Structure c) Tertiary Structùeb) Secondary Structure d) Quatemary Structure

22. ttvhich of the following proteins sfuctures requires multiple poþeptide chains?

a) Prirnary Structure c) Tertiary Structureb) Secondary Structure d) Quatemary Structure

23. The make-up ofmolecules can shed light on important evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Which ofthe following molecules would NOT be used in these evolut¡onary comparisons?

a) C¡4ochrome C d) Glucose

b) DNA e) Hemoglobinc) RNA

24. Which ofthe following most accurately describes the reaction below?

c6Huo6 4 ceHrzoo à c12H1so11+ H2o

a) Hydrolysis d) Answers a and b onlyb) Glycolysis e) All ofthe above

c) Dehydrationsynthesis

25. The reactants in #24 are most accuately calleda) monosaccharides d) amino acids

b) disaccharides e) pol¡peptidesc) polysaccharides

26. Which ofthe follorì/ing is a structural carbohyúate?a) Glucose d) Collagenb) Glycogen e) Cellulosec) Keìatin

27. Ofthe following, which is found exclusively in eukaryotic cells?

a) Cell membrane d) Ribosomes

b) Cell wall e) Mitochondriac) DNA

I I N.lSl eiotogy Il Jan 2010 Exam

28. Which ofthe following are in correct order, from largest to smallest?a) Fiuman liver cell, E coli, Bacteriophage, Polypeptide, Amino Acidb) E. coli,Human liver cell, Amino Acid, Polypeptide, Bacteriophagec) Polypeptide, Bacteriophage, Ë. coft, Human liver cell, Amino Acidd) Bacteriophage, Amino Acid, Poþeptide, Human liver cell, E. colie) Human liver cell, Bacteriophage, Polypeptide, Amino Acid' E. coli

29. A certain cell is found with the following structures: a cell wall, DNA, mitochondri4 chloroplast.Based on this information, this cell is most likely

30. Some cells are programmed to commit "cell suicide", a process known as apoptosis. ApoPtosis ofteninvolves destruction ofcell organelles using digestive enzymes. Which ofthe folloì,ving cell structueswould be most involved in the process ofapoptosis?

a) A bacteriumb) From a plantc) From an animal

a) Golgi Bodiesb) Lysosomesc) Nucleus

a) Mitochondriab) Chloroplasts

a) Nucleib) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulumc) Microfilaments

a) Carbohydratesb) Lipids

a) A small, hydrophobic moleculeb) Oxygen

a) Osmosisb) Facilitated Diffiision

36. Which ofthe following mechanisms ofcell transport requires ATP?

d) Ansìvers a) and b), but not c)e) Answers b) a¡d c), but not a)

d) Cellmembranee) Mitochondria

d) EndoplasmicReticulae) Ribosomes

d) Lysosomese) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

c) Nucleic Acidsd) Proteins

c) Hydrogen ion

d) Carbon Dioxide

c) Simple Diffusiond) Active Transport

31. Which ofthe following cell structures most likely arose before the others in the evolution oflife?

c) Golgi Bodies

32. Human pancreatic cells produce and secrete large amounts oflhe protein insulin. A student observinga pancreatic cel I under a microscope should expect to see a large quantity of. . .

33. Which ofthe descriptions best distinguishes prokaryotic cells frorn eukaryotic cells?a) Prokaryotic cells do not have a cell wall, all eukaryotic cells do.b) Prokaryotic cells are exclusive single celled¡ eukaryotic cells are exclusively multicellular.c) Prokaryotic cells have multiple nuclei inside ofthe cells, eukaryotic cells have only one nucleus.

d) Prokaryotic cells are structurally primifive, whereas eukaryotic cells are structurally complexe) Prokaryotic cells evolved much more recently, eukaryotic cells are evolutionarily much older

34. A researcher is analyzing the percentages of biological molecules found in the cell membranes oforganisms. Which biologicaì molecule would you expect to be found in lowest quant¡ty?

35. Which ofthe following molecules would have the most difüculty passing across the phosPholipidbilayer ofthe cell membrane?

4 | NJSL Biology fl Jan 2010 Ex4m

Apple Core Percent Change ¡n Mass

o.4 0.6

Molarity of Sucrose Solut¡on

40

30

z0

I+Ì ro

F"o

?'ot20

Students placed cut pieces ofMacintosh apple core, of exact same size, in 6 dilferent sucrose solütions ofdifle¡ent molar¡t¡es (0 - 1.0 M) but the same volumes. After 3 hours, th€y removcd the cores ând measured thepercent change ¡1l mass. The data is graphed below. Use it to ânswer questions 37-41.

37. Which of the following is not a constant in this experiment?a) Size ofthe apple coresb) Time that cores rernained in sucrose

solutions

38. Which of the following sucrose solutions was the !q9$ hyperlonic?a) 0Mb) 0.4 Mc) 0.6 M

39. The sucrose moladty ofthe apples is closest toa) 0Mb) 0.4 Mc) 0.6 M

c) Volume ofsucrose solutionsd) Percent change in mass

d) 0.8 Me) 1.0 M

d) 0.E Me) 1.0 M

40. Whìch of the following most accurately describes why the mass changed in the apples in this

experiment?a) Water difñrsed across the memb¡ane ofl¡e aPple cells towards the hypertonic solutionb) Water \¡/as pumped out of the apple cells in order to maintain a high concentration sugar

c) Vy'ater was pumped into the apple cells in order to maintain a high concentration ofwaterd) Sugar diffused across the membrâne ofthe apple cells towards the more hypertonic solution

41. In an extension ofthis experiment, students squeezed and collected thejuice fiom the Macintosh

apples dìscussed above. They then placed Granny Smith and Macintosh apple cores in thisjuice and

waited three hours before measuring the percent change in mass. Granny Smith apples are known to be

less sweet than Macintosh apples, because they have less sugar content. What should be the expected

results of this experiment?a) The Granny Smith apples should increase in mass while he Macintosh should remain about the

sameb) The Granny Smith apples should decrease in mass while the Macintosh should increase in mass

c) The Granny Smith apples should increase in mass while the Macintosh should decrease in mass

d) The Granny Smith apples should not change in mass ìryhile the Macintosh should decrease in mass

e) The Granny Smith apples should decrease in mass while the Macintosh should remain about the

same

5 I NJSL Biology It Jan 2010 Exam

Students placed cells from two differeDt sources on tn,o different slides. Using pipettes, the studentsthen âdded two different solutions, A ând B, to the cells and observed through a microscope, Theyrecorded their observations below. Use the data for questions 42 - 43.

Solution À Solut¡on B

Cell Type I Cells shriveled Cells swelled up*

Cell Type 2 Cells shriveled Cells bursl

42. The celìs represented with an asterisk (*) above probably representa) Plant cells placed in distilled water c) Plant cells placed in salty sea waterb) Animal cells placed in distilled \ ater d) Animal cells place in salty sea water

43. The diffe¡ence in the behavior ofthe two cell types when exposed to solution "8" is most likely due toa) Differences in the structure ofthe respective cell membranesb) Differences in the structure ofthe respective cell Cfoplasmc) The presence ofa cell wall in one ofthe cell typesd) The lack ofa nucleus in one ofthe cell t¡pese) The presence ofplasmodesmata in cell type 2

44. Which ofthe following is a function ofproteins embedded in cell membr¿nes?

a) The passage ofmolecules unable to diffuse across the phospholipid bilayerb) Attachment and structural support ofthe cytoskeletonc) Communication and recognition with other cellsd) Receptoß for chemical messengerse) All of the above are functions ofproteins embedded in cell membranes

45. A phospholipid in the cell membrane is ananged with its _ facing the surface and its _ towardsthe middle of the membrane.

a) hydrophobic tails ... hydrophilic heads d) hydrophilic tails ... hydrophobic headsb) hydrophobic heads ... hydrophilic tails e) nonpolar heads ... polar tailsc) hydrophilic heads ... hydrophobic tails

46. Which ofthe following reactions would be endergonic?a) Dìpeptide .l Amino Acid A + Amino Acid Bb) C6HI2O6 + 6 02 -+ 6 Co2 + 6 Hzoc) ATP+ADP+Pid) maltose + fructose -+ sucrosee) all ofthe above

47. Vy'hich monomer could be most easily modified to form ATP?a) the RNA nucleotide adenosine d) the hormone adrenalineb) cholesterol e) the monosaccharide glucosec) the amino acid alanine

48. Once ATP has been produced, it can be used toa) Provide energy for dehydration synthesis reactionsb) Provìde energy for muscle contr¿ctionc) Drive the production of Glyceraldehyde 3 - Phosphated) All ofthe abovee) Only aandb

6 | NJSL Biology II Jan 20l0,Exam

49. Which metabolic process is an evolutionary relic that can be found in almost all living organisms?

Light reactions of photosynthesis (Light-Dependent)Dark reactions of photosynthesis (Lightlndependent)GlycolysisAerobic respirationElectron tr¿rìsport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

50. In general, ATP drives cellular work because:a) lt lowers the amount offree energy required for a reaction to occur.b) lt transfers a phosphate group to some other molecule.'c) By breaking down, spontaneously reìeases heat.d) It acts as an inorganic catalyst for biological reactions.e) It converts to cyclic AMP and an organic phosphate.

Use the following enzymâtic reâction to answer questions 5l-52.Catalase

2HzQz------------) 2H2O + Oz

5l. Given that this enzJme exists in virtualìy all living cells, it is safe to assume that at temperaturesapproaching 100'C th¡s reaction would most likely

a) go really, really fastb) proceed at the same rate as at room temperaturec) not occurd) yield a different producte) need a coenryme to wotk

52. Catalase can specifically bind to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and not otåer molecules becausea) ofspecific amino acids found in its active siteb) it is so electronegativec) H2O, is non-polard) catalase does not have a quatemary structuree) it is allostericly inhibited to bind molecules other than H2O2

Stùdents in â biology class developed an experiment using catâlase and hydrogen peroxide. Theyvâried the temperature and pH of the reaction vess€l, ând then dropped 5 drops of hydrogênperoxide into each test tube to meâsure how much oxygen was produced. Their results are below,Use the results for questions 53 - 56.

a)b)c)d)e)

53. Which t€st tube contains en4mesa) Test Tube 'l

b) Test Tube 2c) Test Tube 3

54. Wh¡ch would provide the most valuable information regarding the impact of low temperature oncatalase activity?

a) land 2b) land 5

c) 2and 5

55. Which ofthe following represents the independent variable(s) of this reaction?

optimal conditions?d) Test Tube 4e) Test Tube 5

d) 4and 5

e) 5 and

a) Amount ofO2 producedb) Temperaturec) pH

d) Answers b and c onlye) All ofthe above

7 [ NJSL Biology II Jan 2010 Exam

56. lrlVhich ofthe following most accurately explains why no 02 was produced in test tube 6?a) The enryme was moving too fast to attach to HzO2b) There were not enough H+ ions in solution for the reaction to occurc) The shape ofthe enzyme was perrnanently alteredd) The H2O2 was moving too slorÀ,ly

In a biology class, students wer€ measuring how an unknown variable affects the amount productformed in an enzymatic reaction. Below is a chart of their results. Use for questions 57-58.

Enzmat¡c React¡on Rate with Unknown Var¡abl€

.9

úa

ú

5?. Wlìat most likely is the unknown variable?a) Enzymeconcentrationb) Temperaturec) Salinity

d) pHe) Substrateconcentration

d) pHe) Substrateconcentrat¡on

58. lncreasing whìch ofthe following would have the ggallgElgbaqgg of increasing the rate of reaction inthe experiment above?

a) Temperatureb) Enzfmeconcentrationc) Salinity

59. In general, enzl.rnes work bya) Denaturing their substrateb) Cooling down the substrate ìlntil it can reactc) Adding activation enerry to the substrate to allow reactions to occurd) Heating up the substrate until ¡t can reacte) Lowering the activation energy

60. Molecule A is structurally almost the same as acetylcholine, but if combined with the enzyme thatnormally breaks down acet¡rlcholine, the enryme is no longer able to break acetylcholine down. Thissuggests that. . .

a) Molecule A must be a noncompetitive inhibitor ofacetylcholine.b) Molecule A is an allosteric regulator for this enzyme.c) The active site must have the wrong configuration to permit Molecule A binding.d) Molecule A is a competitive inlibitor ofacetylcholine.e) the activation energy banier for Molecule A hydrolysis is higher than for acetylcholine hydrolysis.

8 ! NJSL Biology ll Jan 2010 Exam

çll,{x.

lfHãl*iLì'1r- |

ôH trIllÔH*Þ*ö*Þ *ô*IB

UÜ hÕH ôH

61. The molecule above þE can best be described as...a) Glucoseb) ADPc) Hemoglobin

62. The molecule above dgb! can best be described as.

a) Glucoseb) ADPc) Hemoglobin

63. When a molecule is oxidized it:

a) changes shapeb) gains a neutronc) loses a hydrogen (H+) ¡on

d) ATPe) Chlorophyll

d) ATPe) Chlorophyll

d) gains an electrone) loses an electron

64. During the process of aerobic cellular respiration, _ is oxidized while is reduced

a) COzb) co,c) glucosed) glucose

lVAterglucoseCozQ2

e) Oz COz

65. ln eukaryotes, all ofthe following occur in the mitochondria EXCEPT

a) Production ofp).n¡vic acidb) Production ofCO,

d)e)

Production ofwaterConsumption of 02

c) Chemiosmosis

66. Most ofthe energy that is obtained from the processes ofglycolysìs and the citric acid cycle is storedin

c) NADHd) Hro

a) Ozb) co,

nflÍtù lh*ffiIfreiÌ,

t'(}fn3

9 | NJSL Biology II Jan 2010 Exam

:j.),

l

67. Cellular respiration is a necessary process for life on EaÍh because it allows organisms toa) produce complex carbohydratesb) oxidize COz

c) extract CO2 from the atmosphered) extract usable energy from glucosee) synthesize macromolecules ûom monomers

68. Which ofthe following is accr¡rate regarding the Kreb's cycle?a) Its enzymes produce ATP via substrate level phosphorylation.b) Its enrymes are found mostly within the mitochondrial matrix.c) lts enzymes reduce molecules to make NADH and FADH2.d) lts enz¡rmes oxidize the molecule acetate.e) All ofthe above are true.

69. lfthe electron transport chain is functioning properly...a) The pH ofthe mitochondria mahix should go downb) The pH of the mitochon&ial intemembrane space should go downc) The temperature of the mitochondrial matrix should go upd) The temperature of the mitochondrial intemembrane space should go upe) Neither pH nor temperature should be affected.

70. What DIRECTLY powers the production of ATP in the electron transport chain of the mitochondria?a) The movement ofNADH from plotein to protein embedded in the electron transport chain.b) The reduction of NAD+ to form NADHc) The movement of H+ ions through ATP synfliased) The movement ofpyruvate from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria

7l . A cell is found to have a high concentration of lactic acid in it. We can assume that this cell mostlikely

a) Has been depleted ofO2b) Has run out ofglucosec) Has shut down all phase ofcellular respiration except the electron transport chaind) Is about to begin cellular divisione) None ofthe above

Biology students are performing an experiment Ì,ith EIodea, an âquatic plant. They plan to measurethe production of C02 in two different conditions: light and dark. To measure the production ofCO2, the students are using Bromthymol Blue (BTB), a chemical indicator that will turn from blue toy€llow-green in the presence of CO2, Four sprigs of Elodea are placed in four test trfbes of Ìvat€Ìwith BTB, as describ€d below. Use this information for questions 72 - 74,

72. ln which test tube(s) was cellular respiration the only metabolic mechanism occurring?a)lb) I and3c)2

73. Why did the BTB in test tube 3 change color?a) CO2 was consumed in this test tube.b) CO2 was produced in this test tube.c) 02 was consumed in this test tube.d) 02 was produced in this test tube.

d) 2and4e) 2,3, ar,d 4

Test Trihe Amount of L¡sht Orisinâl Color of BTB Final Color ofBTBTest Tube I Lieht Blue BlueTest Tube 2 f)ark Blue Yellow-GreenTest Tube 3 Lieht Yellow-Green Blue-GreenTest Tube 4 Dark Yellow-Green Yellor¡r

l0 | NJSL Biology fl Ja¡r 2010 Exam

?4. \Vhat would have been al appropriate negative control for this experiment?a) A test tube with a sprig of Elodea immersed in BTB.b) A test tube wíth two sprigs. of Elodea immersed in BTB.c) A test tube with a sprig ofElodea immersed in concenfiated BTB.d) Two test tubes with sprigs of Elodea immersed in BTB.e) Two test tubes, one in the light, one in the dark, no Elodea plants in either ofthem, only BTB

75. Using evidence from rust in sediments in formations ofrock formed in the past, scientists estimate that

the first photosynthetic organisms evolved

a) Around 4.5 billion years ago, as the Earth was coolingb) Around 3.7 billion years ago, as the frst organisms on Earthc) Around 2.8 billion years ago, as Cyanobacteria

d) Around 550 million years ago, just prior to the Cambrian Explosione) Around 65 million years ago, with the extinction ofthe dinosaurs

76. The inc¡ease in mass tbat occurs in ûìe body ofa photosynthetic plant comes primarily fiom

a) Fertilizer in the soilb) Water absorbed from the groundc) Water absorbed ftom the air through the leaves

d) Carbon dioxide in the air

77. A blade ofgrass contains high leveìs ofa pigment called chlorophyll. This chlorophyll is found

a) In chloroplasts, which are in thytakoids in the mesophyll cells of a leafb) In mesophyll cells, which are in the thylakoids in chloroplasts in a leafc) In thylakoids, which are in mesophyll cells in the chloroplasts in a leafd) ln thylakotds, which are in chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells ofa leafe) In chloroplasts, which are in mesophyll cells in the tþlakoids ofa leaf

78. For the blade ofgrass discussed above, which wavelength of light is least useful for making foodthrough photosynthesis?

d) Orargee) All wavelengths are equally useful

79. The electrons canied by NADPH from the light reactions ofPhotosynthesis are derived from

a) Greenb) Redc) Blue

a) Oxygenb) Waterc) Carbon Dioxide

d) NADP+e) Glucose

80. Alternative types ofphotosynthesis, such as C4 and CAM, evolved in response toa) Hot and dry climatesb) Environments with deficiencies in oxygen gas

c) Global warmingd) Humid climatese) Lov,/ at temperatures and reduced sunlight

---lif ÑjSL eioìog¡r II Jan 2010 Exam